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Islam Shah Suri

2021-07-30T08:22:15Z

2409:4063:6D9D:E752:B592:193A:577C:F749:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Islam Shah Suri
| image = Islam Shah Suri.jpg
| caption = Miniature of Islam Shah Suri
| succession = [[Sur dynasty|Sultan of the Suri Empire]]
| reign = 27 May 1545 – 22 November 1554
| coronation = 27 May 1545
| predecessor = [[Sher Shah Suri]]
| successor = [[Firuz Shah Suri]]
| birth_name =Jalal Khan
| birth_date = 1507
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[Delhi Sultanate]] (present day [[India]])
| death_date = 22 November 1554
| issue = [[Firuz Shah Suri]]
| house = [[Sur dynasty]]
| spouse = Bibi Bai
| father = [[Sher Shah Suri]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| dynasty = [[Sur dynasty]]
}}

'''Islam Shah Suri''' (reigned: 1545–1554) was the second ruler of the [[Suri dynasty]] which ruled the part of India in the mid-16th century. His original name was '''Jalal Khan''' and he was the second son of [[Sher Shah Suri]].

==History==
On his father's death, an emergency meeting of nobles chose Jalal Khan to be successor instead of his elder brother Adil Khan, since he had shown greater military ability. Jalal Khan was crowned on 26 May 1545 and took the title "Islam Shah". He was still worried that his brother would threaten his power and tried to have him captured. But Adil Khan evaded his grasp and raised an army. It marched on Islam Shah while he was at [[Agra]]. In the battle Islam Shah came out victorious and Adil Khan fled, never to be seen again.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Islam Shah the Successor of Sher Shah|url=http://www.preservearticles.com/2012031025991/biography-of-islam-shah-the-successor-of-sher-shah.html}}</ref>

The support some of the nobles had given his brother made Islam Shah suspicious and he ruthlessly purged their ranks, strictly subordinating the nobility to the crown. He continued his father's policies of efficient administration and increased centralisation. He had little opportunity for military campaigning; the fugitive Mughal emperor [[Humayun]], whom his father had overthrown, made one abortive attempt to attack him.

==Death==
Islam Shah died on 22 November 1554. He was succeeded by his son [[Firuz Shah Suri]], who was only twelve. Within a few days the boy ruler had been murdered by Sher Shah's nephew Muhammad Mubariz Khan, who then ascended the throne as [[Muhammad Adil Shah (died 1557)|Muhammad Adil Shah]]. The incomplete tomb of Islam Shah lies about a kilometer to the North-West of Sher Shah's tomb.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanatani|first1=Rohit Priyadarshi|title=Tomb of Salim Shah Suri (Islam Shah): The Glory that never was|url=http://thespeakingarch.com/islam_shah_tomb/|website=thespeakingarch.com |access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Islam Khan Tomb, Sasaram.jpg|thumb|250 px|Incomplete Tomb of Islam Khan Tomb at [[Sasaram]] Takia]]
[[File:Silver rupee coin of Islam Shah Suri, A. H. 955.jpg|thumb|Silver Rupee of Islam Shah]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.barmazid.com/2017/02/islam-shah-sur-forerunner-of-akbar.html Islam Shah Sur, the forerunner of Akbar in reforms and policies]

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box |
before=[[Sher Shah Suri]]|
title=[[Shah|Shah of Delhi]]|
years=1545–1554|
after=[[Firuz Shah Suri]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Islam Shah Suri}}
[[Category:1554 deaths]]
[[Category:Sur Empire]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]
[[Category:1545 in India]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

Firuz Shah Suri

2021-07-30T08:21:58Z

2409:4063:6D9D:E752:B592:193A:577C:F749:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Firuz Shah Suri
| image =
|caption =
| succession = [[Sur dynasty|Sultan of the Suri Empire]]
| reign = 1554
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Islam Shah Suri]]
| successor = [[Muhammad Shah Adil]]
| death_date = 1554
| house = [[Sur dynasty]]
| spouse =
| father =[[Islam Shah Suri]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| full_name =
| dynasty = [[Sur dynasty]]
||birth_date=4 May 1542}}

'''Firuz Shah Suri''' (died 1554) was the third ruler of [[Sur dynasty]]. He was the son of [[Islam Shah Suri]] and succeeded him in 1554 when he was twelve years old. Firuz Shah Suri was assassinated within days of his coronation by [[Sher Shah Suri]]'s nephew Muhammad Mubariz Khan who later ruled as [[Muhammad Shah Adil]].<ref name="Smith">{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056503 | title=Akbar the Great Mogul, 1542–1605 | publisher=Oxford at the Clarendon Press | last=Smith | first=Vincent Arthur | authorlink=Vincent Arthur Smith | year=1917 | page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056503/page/n56 33]}}</ref><<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baumer |first1=Christoph |title=History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set |date=2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-83860-867-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cemWDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Firuz+Shah+Suri%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT562 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[History of Bengal]]
*[[History of India]]
*[[Sur Empire]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box |
before=[[Islam Shah Suri]]|
title=[[Shah|Shah of Delhi]]|
years=1554|
after=[[Muhammad Shah Adil]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Firuz Shah Suri}}
[[Category:1540s births]]
[[Category:Sur Empire]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]
[[Category:Indian people of Afghan descent]]
[[Category:1554 deaths]]
[[Category:1554 in India]]

Muhammad Adil Shah (died 1557)

2021-07-30T08:21:22Z

2409:4063:6D9D:E752:B592:193A:577C:F749:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2014}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Muhammad Adil Shah
| image = Copper coin of Muhammad Adl Shah.jpg
|caption = A coin of Muhammad Adil Shah
| succession = [[Sur dynasty|Sultan of the Suri Empire]]
| reign = 1554 – 1555
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Firuz Shah Suri]]
| successor = [[Ibrahim Shah Suri]]
| death_date = 1557
| issue =
| house = [[Sur dynasty]]
| spouse =
| father =
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| full_name =
| dynasty = [[Sur dynasty]]
|}}

'''Muhammad Adil Shah''' (''reigned:'' 1554–1555<ref name=r1>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). ''The Mughul Empire'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{Listed Invalid ISBN|81-7276-407-1}}, pp.94–6</ref>) was the fourth ruler of the [[Sur dynasty]], a late medieval [[Pashtun people|Afghan]] dynasty of northern [[India]].

==Early life==
He was the son of Nizam Khan, the younger brother of the Sultan [[Sher Shah Suri]]. Adil's sister, Bibi Bai, was married to [[Islam Shah Suri]]. His real name was Muhammad Mubariz Khan. He was responsible for the assassination of [[Firuz Shah Suri]], the twelve-year-old son of [[Islam Shah Suri]], in 1554. Then he ascended the throne as the last sultan of the united empire. He appointed [[Hemu]] as his [[Vizier|Wazir]].

==History==
In 1555, Adil's brother in law, [[Ibrahim Shah Suri]] of [[Agra]], revolted. Adil Shah's army was defeated and he lost the throne of [[Delhi]]. Soon, the empire founded by [[Sher Shah Suri|Sher Shah]] was divided into four parts. As [[Delhi]] and [[Agra]] came under the rule of [[Ibrahim Shah Suri]], only the territories from the vicinity of [[Agra]] to [[Bihar]] remained under Adil. [[Muhammad Khan Sur|Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah]] already declared independence of [[Bengal]] in 1554. But hostility did not end with the division of empire.

[[Ibrahim Shah Suri]] was then defeated by [[Sikandar Shah Suri]] at Farah, 32 km from Agra, and thus lost the possession of Delhi and Agra. Then [[Ibrahim Shah Suri|Ibrahim]] renewed his strife with Adil, but he was defeated by [[Hemu]] twice, once near Kalpi and again near Khanua. He took refuge in the Bayana fort, which was besieged by [[Hemu]].

[[Muhammad Khan Sur|Muhammad Shah]] of Bengal approached near Kalpi, Adil had to recall [[Hemu]] to Kalpi. [[Muhammad Khan Sur|Muhammad Shah]] was defeated and killed at Chhapparghatta near Kalpi. Adil captured [[Bengal]] and appointed [[Shahbaz Khan Kamboh|Shahbaz Khan]] as the Governor. He made [[Chunar]] his capital.

In 1557, Adil was defeated and killed in a battle with the Bengal Sultan [[Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah II|Khizr Khan Suri]], the son of [[Muhammad Khan Sur|Muhammad Shah]].<ref name=r1/>

==See also==
* [[Suri dynasty]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Firuz Shah Suri]]|
title=[[Shah|Shah of Delhi]]|
years=1554–1555|
after=[[Ibrahim Shah Suri]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad Adil Shah}}
[[Category:Sur Empire]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]
[[Category:Indian people of Afghan descent]]
[[Category:1557 deaths]]
[[Category:1554 in India]]
[[Category:1555 in India]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:16th-century Afghan people]]

Ibrahim Shah Suri

2021-07-30T08:20:52Z

2409:4063:6D9D:E752:B592:193A:577C:F749:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Ibrahim Shah Suri
| image =
|caption =
| succession = [[Sur dynasty|Sultan of the Suri Empire]]
| reign = 1555
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Muhammad Adil Shah (died 1557)|Muhammad Adil Shah]]
| successor = [[Sikandar Shah Suri]]
| death_date = 1567/1568
| issue =
| house = [[Sur dynasty]]
| spouse =
| father =
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| full_name =
| dynasty = [[Sur dynasty]]
|}}

'''Ibrahim Shah Suri''' was the fifth ruler of [[Sur dynasty]], a [[Pashtun people|Pashtun (Afghan)]] dynasty of late medieval northern [[India]].

==Reign==
Ibrahim Khan Suri was son of Ghazi Khan. He was the brother-in-law of sultan [[Muhammad Adil Shah (died 1557)|Muhammad Adil Shah]]. He was the governor of [[Agra]] in 1555, when he revolted against the sultan. Adil Shah despatched his army to crush the revolt, but he defeated Adil's army and marched towards Delhi. After capturing Delhi, he assumed the regal title and became Ibrahim Shah Suri. But in the same year, [[Sikandar Shah Suri]] defeated him at Farah, 32 km from [[Agra]] in spite of the numerical superiority of Ibrahim's army. Sikandar took possession of both Delhi and Agra.<ref name=r1>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). ''The Mughul Empire'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{Listed Invalid ISBN|81-7276-407-1}}, pp.94-6</ref>

==Later days==
After losing [[Delhi]] and Agra, Ibrahim began his strife with Adil Shah. But he was defeated by Adil's army led by his wazir [[Hemu]] twice, first near Kalpi and next near Khanua. He took refuge in the fort of Bayana, but it was besieged by Hemu's army. He got some respite when Hemu was recalled by Adil. Later, Ibrahim took refuge in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], where he died in 1567-68.<ref name=r1/>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{start box}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Muhammad Adil Shah (died 1557)|Muhammad Adil Shah]]|
title=[[Shah|Shah of Delhi]]|
years=1555|
after=[[Sikandar Shah Suri]]}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibrahim Shah Suri}}
[[Category:Sur Empire]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]

Sikandar Shah Suri

2021-07-30T08:20:35Z

2409:4063:6D9D:E752:B592:193A:577C:F749:

{{For|other people of the same name|Sikandar Shah (disambiguation){{!}}Sikandar Shah}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox royalty
| name = Sikandar Shah Suri
| image = Sikander Suri coin.jpg
|caption = Copper Paisa of Sikander Shah Suri
| succession = [[Sur dynasty|Sultan of the Suri Empire]]
| reign = 1555
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Ibrahim Shah Suri]]
| successor = [[Adil Shah Suri]]
| death_date = 1559
| issue =
| house = [[Sur dynasty]]
| spouse =
| father =
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| full_name =
| dynasty = [[Sur dynasty]]
|}}

'''Sikandar Shah Suri''' (died 1559) was the sixth ruler of the [[Sur Empire|Sur dynasty]], a late medieval [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] dynasty of northern [[India]]. He became the [[sultan]] of [[Delhi]] after overthrowing [[Ibrahim Shah Suri]].

==Early life==
Sikandar Shah Suri's actual name was Ahmad Khan Suri. He was the brother-in-law of sultan [[Muhammad Adil Shah (died 1557)|Muhammad Adil Shah]]. He was the governor of [[Lahore]] before declaring independence from Delhi in 1555.<ref name=r1>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). ''The Mughul Empire'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{Listed Invalid ISBN|81-7276-407-1}}, pp.94-6</ref>

==Reign==
After becoming the independent sultan and bringing Punjab under control, he marched towards the territory controlled by sultan Ibrahim Shah Suri. Ibrahim was defeated in a battle at [[Farah, India]] near Agra and Sikandar took possession of both Delhi and Agra. While Sikandar was busy with his struggle against Ibrahim, [[Humayun]] captured Lahore in February 1555. Another detachment of his forces captured [[Dipalpur]]. Next, the Mughal army occupied [[Jalandhar]] and their advanced division proceeded towards [[Sirhind]]. Sikandar sent a force of 30,000 horses but they were defeated by the Mughal army in a battle at [[Machhiwara]] and [[Battle of Sirhind (1555)|Sirhind]] was occupied by the Mughals. Sikandar, then led an army of 80,000 horses himself and met the Army at Sirhind. On 22 June 1555 he was defeated by the Mughal army and was compelled to retreat to the [[Sivalik Hills]]<ref name=r1/> in northern [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]. The victorious Mughals marched to Delhi and occupied it.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

==Later days==
In late 1556, Sikandar became active again. He defeated Mughal general Khizr Khwaja Khan at Chamiari (presently in [[Amritsar district]]) and began to collect taxes with [[Kalanaur, Punjab|Kalanaur]] as his headquarters. [[Bairam Khan]] sent Khan Alam (Iskandar Khan) to assist Khizr Khwaja Khan and finally on 7 December 1556 [[Akbar]] along with Bairam Khan left Delhi to deal with him. Sikandar again retreated to the Sivaliks and took refuge in fort [[Mau]] under [[Nurpur kingdom]] . After six months of resistance from the besieged fort, Sikandar surrendered the fort on 25 July 1557.<ref name=r2>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). ''The Mughul Empire'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{Listed Invalid ISBN|81-7276-407-1}}, pp.106-7</ref> His local supporter Raja Bakht Mal was beheaded by [[Bairam Khan]] and he was sent to Bihar where he died in 1559.<ref name=r1/>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
<br>
{{S-start}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Ibrahim Shah Suri]]|
title=[[Shah|Shah of Delhi]]|
years=1555|
after=[[Adil Shah Suri]]}}
{{S-end}}
[[Category:Sur Empire]]
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]
[[Category:1559 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:1555 in India]]

{{india-hist-stub}}