Ibrahim Adil Shah I

2021-08-04T12:25:43Z

2409:4063:231B:6E37:88BC:DD10:F08A:43EA:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
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{{more footnotes|date=March 2013}}
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{{Infobox monarch
| name = Ibrahim Adil Shah Buzurg
| title = Adil Shahi Emperor
| image =
| reign = 1534–1558
| full name = Sultan Abul Nasser Ibrahim Adil Shah
| predecessor = [[Mallu Adil Shah]]
| successor = [[Ali Adil Shah I]]
| spouse = Khusrow-un-nisa begum (daughter of Asad Khan Lari) <br/>Rabiya Sultana (daughter of [[Aladdin Imad Shah]])
| issue = * Ismail
* [[Ali Adil Shah I]]
* Tahmasp
* Ahmed
* Saani Bibi (wife of [[Ali Barid Shah I]])
* Hadiya Sultana (wife of [[Murtaza Nizam Shah I]])
| dynasty = [[Adil Shahi|Adil Shahi Empire]]
| father = [[Ismail Adil Shah]]
| mother = Fatima Beebi
| birth_place = [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]]
| death_date = 1558
| death_place = [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]]
| date of burial = 1558
| place of burial =In the campus of the Great [[Sufi]] [[Saint]] Chandah Husaini of Gogi, Shahpur, District [[Gulbarga]], next to his father and grandfather.
| religion = : [[Sunni Islam]]
}}
'''Ibrahim Adil Shah I''' (1534–1558) was a [[Sultan]] and later [[Shah]] of the Indian kingdom. of [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]]. He succeeded his elder brother, [[Mallu Adil Shah]], through the machinations of the Afaqi faction at the court. He was the first [[Bijapur Sultanate|Adil Shahi]] ruler to assume the royal title of [[Shah]].

==Faith==
Having a strong penchant for [[Sunni Islam]], the religion of most Deccani Muslims<ref>{{cite book|author1=Navina Najat Haidar|author2=Marika Sardar|title=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy|url=https://archive.org/details/sultansofdeccani1500haid|url-access=registration|date=13 Apr 2015|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=9780300211108|page=[https://archive.org/details/sultansofdeccani1500haid/page/6 6]|edition=illustrated}}</ref>—on his accession he deleted the names of the twelve [[Shia|Shi'ah]] Imams from the Khutbah, discontinued previous Shia practices and restored the exercise of the [[Sunni|Sunni Islamic]] practices.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Shanti Sadiq Ali|title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times|date=1 Jan 1996|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=9788125004851|page=112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Sanjay Subrahmanyam|title=Three Ways to be Alien: Travails and Encounters in the Early Modern World|date=2011|publisher=UPNE|isbn=9781611680195|page=36|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Richard M. Eaton|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives, Volume 1|date=17 Nov 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521254847|page=145|edition=illustrated}}</ref> He deviated from the traditions of his predecessors and introduced many innovations in the political and religious policies. He degraded most of the afaqi faction (with a few exceptions), and in their place enrolled the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccani]] (including the [[Maratha]]s and [[Habashis]]) to the services, retaining only four hundred afaqi troops as his bodyguard. Consequently, he brought [[Sunni Muslim]]s to power and ended Shia domination by dismissing them from their posts<ref>{{cite book|author1=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|title=History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.|date=1 Jan 2002|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=9788126901234|page=101}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Shihan de S. Jayasuriya|author2=Richard Pankhurst|title=The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean|date=2003|publisher=Africa World Press|isbn=9780865439801|pages=196–7|edition=illustrated}}</ref> and many [[Maratha]]s acquired great influence at his court and public accounts began to be maintained in [[Marathi language|Marathi]].

==Policies==
Ibrahim's anti-afaqi policy, however, considerably weakened the kingdom as the dismissed personnel joined the service of the neighbouring rulers. This exposed the kingdom to a series of invasions. Yet it was the veteran afaqi leader Asad Khan Lari (Buried in [[Belgaum]]), who acting as a diplomatic counselor to Ibrahim, saved the kingdom in the hour of crisis.

==Reign==
The reign of Ibrahim, which lasted twenty-four years and a few months, was full of alliances and counter-alliances with and against [[Ahmednagar|Ahmadnagar]], [[Bidar]], [[Berar Sultanate|Berar]], [[Golkonda]] and [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]]. Although there were continuous expeditions little territorial expansion was made, for gains in one direction were compensated by loss on the other side. Thus while [[Bidar]] was conquered, [[Solapur]] and [[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] were lost to [[Ahmednagar|Ahmadnagar]]. On the other hand, considerable acquisitions were made in the south along the west-coast. The farthest point of Bijapur territory now extended south of [[Goa]]. Further, though [[Golkonda]] was not subdued, [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]] army were able to reach the walls of [[Golkonda]] fort and return triumphantly.

==Death==
Ibrahim was buried near the famous [[Sufi]] saint Chandah Hussaini Ashrafi in Gogi, where his father, Ismail and grandfather [[Yusuf Adil Shah|Yusuf]] were also buried. On his mausoleum is an inscription of the names of Allah, Muhammad, the [[Rashidun Caliphs]], and other [[Sahaba]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Farooqui Salma Ahmed|title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century|date=2011|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131732021|page=176}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

* ''Wakiyate Mamlakate Bijapur'' by Basheeruddin Dehelvi.
* ''Tareekhe Farishta'' by Kasim Farishta
* External Relation of Bijapur Adil Shahis.

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of Adil Shahi Emperors|Adil Shahi Rulers of Bijapur]]|before=[[Mallu Adil Shah]]|after=[[Ali Adil Shah I]]|years=1534–1558}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adil Shah, Ibrahim}}
[[Category:1534 births]]
[[Category:1558 deaths]]
[[Category:Sultans of Bijapur]]
[[Category:Adil Shahi dynasty]]
[[Category:1534 in India]]
[[Category:1558 in India]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Converts to Sunni Islam from Shia Islam]]

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Ibrahim Adil Shah I