Serum Institute of India

2021-08-15T06:25:26Z

2409:4061:B:FBCC:2460:2C5A:D816:393E: /* Overview */

{{short description|Indian biotechnology and biopharmaceuticals company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Coord|18.505110|73.945453|display=title}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Serum Institute of India Private Limited
| logo = Serum-Institute-of-India-logo.png
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_caption = Serum Institute of India
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| traded_as =
| genre = 
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1966|p=y}}
| founder = [[Cyrus S. Poonawalla]]
| defunct = 
| hq_location = [[Pune]], India
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Adar Poonawalla]] (Chairman, President & CEO)
| industry = {{ubl|[[Biotechnology]]|[[Biopharmaceuticals]]}}
| products = {{hlist|[[Vaccine]]s |[[biopharmaceutical]]s |[[generic drug]]s |[[over-the-counter drug]]s }}
| services =
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|5926|c}} (FY 2019–20)<ref name="businesstoday">{{cite news |title=How profitable is Adar Poonawalla's Serum Institute? |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/how-profitable-is-adar-poonawalla-serum-institute/story/439018.html |access-date=25 June 2021 |work=www.businesstoday.in}}</ref>
| operating_income =
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|2251|c}} (FY 2019–20)<ref name="businesstoday"/>
| aum = 
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid = Bilthoven Biologicals BV<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bilthoven Biologicals acquired by Serum Institute of India|url=https://www.thepharmaletter.com/article/bilthoven-biologicals-acquired-by-serum-institute-of-india|access-date=2020-07-10|website=www.thepharmaletter.com}}</ref><br/>
Vakzine Projekt Management GmbH<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profile|url=https://www.vpm-consult.com/en/company/profile/|access-date=2020-07-10|website=www.vpm-consult.com}}</ref>
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.seruminstitute.com/|seruminstitute.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Serum Institute of India (SII)''' is an Indian [[biotechnology]] and [[biopharmaceuticals]] company. It is the world's largest manufacturer of [[vaccines]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=12168217|title=Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd.: Private Company Information|website=[[bloomberg.com]]|access-date=2018-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/SERUM-INSTITUTE-OF-INDIA-Private-Limited/U80903PN1984PTC032945|title=SERUM INSTITUTE OF INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED - Company, directors and contact details|website=zaubacorp.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-30}}</ref> located in the city of [[Pune]], [[India]] and was founded by [[Cyrus Poonawalla]] in 1966.<ref name="about">{{cite web |url=https://www.seruminstitute.com/about_us.php |title=About Us |publisher=Serum Institute of India |access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref> The company is a subsidiary of the holding company Poonawalla Investment and Industries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Poonawalla Investments AND Industries Private Limited Information - Poonawalla Investments AND Industries Private Limited Company Profile, Poonawalla Investments AND Industries Private Limited News on The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/company/|access-date=2020-07-10|website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

==Overview==
The Serum Institute of India was founded in 1966 in [[Pune]]. The company set out to produce immunobiologicals, which were imported into India at high prices. Among the first products the Serum Institute of India manufactured in large quantities were the [[tetanus antitoxin]], snake [[antivenom]], [[DPT vaccine]], and [[MMR vaccine]]. The company's product lines was expanded to include different types of [[vaccine]]s against [[bacterial]] or [[virus]] infections, [[combination vaccine]]s, [[influenza vaccine]], and [[meningococcal vaccine]]. Besides vaccine the company also manufactures [[antisera]], [[blood plasma]], and [[hormone]] products. As of 2014 the vaccines manufactured by the Serum Institute of India have been used in international vaccination programmes run by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO), [[UNICEF]], and the [[Pan American Health Organization]] (PAHO). Today the Serum Institute of India is run by the [[Poonawalla Group]] and engages in research, development, and manufacturing.<ref>{{cite book|last=Burns|first=Lawton R. |title=India's Healthcare Industry: Innovation in Delivery, Financing, and Manufacturing|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2014|isbn=9781316021217|page=488-489}}</ref>

In 2009 the company began developing an intranasal [[swine flu]] vaccine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health/India-developing-indigenous-swine-flu-vaccine/articleshow/4873696.cms?referral=PM|title=India developing indigenous swine flu vaccine|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Prasad S. |last2=Raut |first2=Sidram K. |last3=Dhere |first3=Rajeev M. |title=A post-marketing surveillance study of a human live-virus pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine (Nasovac ®) in India |journal=Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |date=27 October 2014 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=122–124 |doi=10.4161/hv.22317 |pmid=23442586|pmc=3667925 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2012, the company's first international acquisition was Bilthoven Biologicals, a biopharmaceutical company in Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Unnikrishnan|first=C. H.|date=2012-07-04|title=Serum Institute buys Bilthoven Biologicals|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/nIr4bpmcCvQMrtuY3pQexI/Serum-Institute-buys-Bilthoven-Biologicals.html|access-date=2020-07-01|website=Livemint|language=en}}</ref> In 2016, with support from US-based Mass Biologics of [[University of Massachusetts Medical School]], the Serum Institute of India invented a fast-acting anti-[[rabies]] agent, Rabies Human Monoclonal Antibody (RMAb), also known as Rabishield.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Fast-acting-anti-rabies-drug-set-for-India-launch/articleshow/51114312.cms|title=Fast-acting anti-rabies drug set for India launch - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2016-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Prasad S. |last2=Sahai |first2=Ashish |last3=Gunale |first3=Bhagwat |last4=Dhere |first4=Rajeev M |title=Development of a new purified vero cell rabies vaccine (Rabivax-S) at the serum institute of India Pvt Ltd |journal=Expert Review of Vaccines |date=3 March 2017 |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=303–311 |doi=10.1080/14760584.2017.1294068 |pmid=28276304|s2cid=3382124 }}</ref>

{{As of|2020|}}, the company is the world's largest vaccine producer by number of doses produced,<ref>{{Cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=2020-11-23|title=Serum Institute to focus on supplying COVID-19 vaccine to India first|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-india-vaccine-idUSKBN28321S|access-date=2020-11-26}}</ref> manufacturing around 1.5 billion doses of vaccines each year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Krishnan|first=Murali|date=2020-09-29|title=Coronavirus vaccine: Why does India's Serum Institute have a head start?|url=https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-vaccine-why-does-indias-serum-institute-have-a-head-start/a-55089750|access-date=2020-11-26|website=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB}}</ref> The products developed include tuberculosis vaccine Tubervac ([[BCG vaccine|BCG]]), Poliovac for [[polio]]myelitis, and other vaccinations for the childhood vaccination schedule.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seruminstitute.com/product_ind_tubervac.php|title=Serum Institute Tubervac (BCG)|website=Serum Institute of India|access-date=2020-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seruminstitute.com/product_ind_poliovac.php|title=Serum Institute Poliovac|website=Serum Institute of India|access-date=2020-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iitk.ac.in/hc/vaccination-schedule|title=Vaccination Schedule|website=Vaccination as per the National Immunization schedule by Government of India|access-date=2020-06-15}}</ref>

==COVID-19 vaccine development==
[[File:Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine (Indian version) 2021 B.jpg|180px|thumb|A vial of the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine that is locally produced in the Serum Institute of India (SII) as "Covishield" COVID-19 vaccine]]
The company has partnered with the British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical company [[AstraZeneca]], which is developing [[AZD1222]] (Covishield) in partnership with the [[University of Oxford]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/pharmaceuticals/astrazeneca-serum-institute-of-india-sign-licensing-deal-for-1-billion-doses-of-oxford-vaccine/articleshow/76202016.cms|title=AstraZeneca & Serum Institute of India sign licensing deal for 1 million doses of Oxford vaccine|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-06-15}}</ref> It is reported that Serum Institute of India would provide 100 million (10 [[crore]]) doses of the vaccine for India and other low and middle-income countries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19 vaccine: Serum Institute signs up for 100 million doses of vaccines for India, low and middle-income countries |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/health/covid-19-vaccine-serum-institute-signs-up-for-100-million-doses-of-vaccines-for-india-low-and-middle-income-countries/2047884/ |work=The Financial Express |date=7 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Banerjee |first1=Shoumojit |title=Oxford COVID-19 vaccine at least 6 months away from launch: Serum Institute CEO |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/oxford-covid-19-vaccine-at-least-6-months-away-from-launch-serum-institute-ceo/article32015508.ece |work=The Hindu |date=7 July 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus (Covid-19) vaccine latest update: Oxford-AstraZeneca corona vaccine production starts; US says 2 billion doses 'ready to go' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/coronavirus/corona-covid-19-vaccine-update-june-oxford-astrazeneca-moderna-serum-institute-of-india-6447030/ |work=The Indian Express |date=10 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> This target was later increased to 1 billion doses by the end of 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Indian company aims for a billion Covid vaccines|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-asia-india-55091890|access-date=2021-03-21}}</ref> It is estimated to be priced at ₹225 (around $3) per dose.<ref>{{cite news |title=Serum Institute of India to provide Covid-19 vaccines through COVAX at Rs 225 a dose |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sii-to-provide-covid-19-vaccines-through-covax-at-rs-225-a-dose-india-6544158/ |work=The Indian Express |date=7 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> In September 2020, trials were halted by [[Drugs Controller General of India|DCGI]] after a volunteer in Oxford developed illness following vaccination, but were soon resumed after consent by the British regulators.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Milan|title=Serum Institute halts coronavirus vaccine trials in India after notice from DCGI over volunteer's illness in UK|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/serum-institute-halts-coronavirus-vaccine-trials-in-india-1720423-2020-09-10|access-date=2020-09-10|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-09-09|title=Oxford vaccine trial paused as participant falls ill|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-54082192|access-date=2020-09-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Poulomi |title=Serum Institute to resume Covid-19 vaccine trial after DGCI gives nod |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/serum-institute-to-resume-covid-19-vaccine-trial-after-dgci-gives-nod/story-1pT8EeMSdwYmUyOJBnz29I.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> In December 2020, the Serum Institute of India sought emergency approval for the vaccine developed with AstraZeneca <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-31|title=India will have Covid-19 vaccine within days: AIIMS director|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-will-have-covid-19-vaccine-within-days-aiims-director/story-IIoECY3cPkFMh3THZNfz3M.html|access-date=2020-12-31|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> which was approved a month later.<ref name="NYT India">{{cite news | first1=Emily | last1=Schmall | first2=Sameer | last2=Yasir | title=India Approves Oxford-AstraZeneca Covid-19 Vaccine and 1 Other | website=The New York Times | date=3 January 2021 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/03/world/asia/india-covid-19-vaccine.html | access-date=3 January 2021 | name-list-style=vanc}}</ref> In March 2021, an agreement was reached to supply some doses to the UK.<ref>{{cite web |website =BBC News|title =Covid vaccine: India shortfall behind UK's supply delay|url=
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-56438629|date =18 March 2021}}</ref>

Serum Institute of India has also reached an agreement with [[Novavax]] for the production of Novavax’s [[NVX-CoV2373]] (Covovax) vaccine for India and other low and middle-income countries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Serum Institute, Novavax in covid vaccine deal, may produce 100 crore doses |url=https://www.livemint.com/science/health/serum-institute-novavax-in-covid-vaccine-deal-may-produce-100-crore-doses-11596772315738.html |work=Livemint |date=7 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Novavax signs COVID-19 vaccine supply deal with India's Serum Institute |url=https://in.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-novavax/novavax-signs-covid-19-vaccine-supply-deal-with-indias-serum-institute-idINKCN25139A |work=Reuters |date=5 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> The company will also produce Codagenix's [[Nasal administration|nasally administered]] [[COVID-19]] vaccine CDX-005<ref>{{cite news |title=Serum Institute starts manufacturing Codagenix's nasal COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://www.livemint.com/science/health/serum-institute-of-india-starts-manufacturing-codagenix-s-nasal-covid-19-vaccine-11600779086792.html |work=mint |date=22 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=India's Serum Institute starts manufacturing Codagenix's potential Covid-19 vaccine |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-serum-institute-starts-manufacturing-codagenix-s-potential-covid-19-vaccine/story-zGhIAtCJN1tc9etIC34PDN.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=22 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> (tradename ''[[COVI-VAC]]'').<ref>{{cite web |title=Codagenix and Serum Institute of India Announce Commencement of First-in-Human Trial of COVI-VAC, A Single Dose, Intranasal Live Attenuated Vaccine for COVID-19 |url=https://codagenix.com/news/codagenix-and-serum-institute-of-india-announce-commencement-of-first-in-human-trial-of-covi-vac-a-single-dose-intranasal-live-attenuated-vaccine-for-covid-19/ |website=Codagenix |access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref>

The company is also manufacturing [[Sputnik V]] vaccine in India in collaboration with [[Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology]] after receiving approval from DGCI.<ref>{{cite news |title=Serum Institute gets DCGI's nod to manufacture Covid vaccine Sputnik V in India |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/serum-institute-gets-dcgi-s-nod-to-manufacture-covid-vaccine-sputnik-v-in-india-report-11622818500423.html |work=mint |date=2021-06-04 |language=en}}</ref> On 13 July 2021, RDIF published a press release saying SII is starting the production of [[Sputnik V]] doses in September 2021. They intend to produce over 300 million doses of the vaccine in India per year.<ref>rdif.ru: [https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/6934/ ''press release'']</ref>

=== Attempted data theft ===
In March 2021, [[Reuters]] reported that Chinese state-backed cyber-espionage group [[Red Apollo]] targeted the Serum Institute of India's intellectual property for [[Data theft|exfiltration]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Das|first=Krishna N.|date=2021-03-01|title=Chinese hackers target Indian vaccine makers SII, Bharat Biotech, says security firm|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-india-china-idUSKCN2AT21O|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-01}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Bharat Biotech]]
*[[Cadila Healthcare]]
*[[Biotechnology in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.seruminstitute.com Official website]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Biotechnology companies of India]]
[[Category:Vaccine producers]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Pune]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1966]]
[[Category:Biotechnology companies established in 1966]]
[[Category:1966 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Biopharmaceutical companies]]
[[Category:Immunology organizations]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies of India]]

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Serum Institute of India