Bhupendranath Datta

2021-08-25T02:42:00Z

2409:4061:2C9E:2A8:EDC8:C9B1:F051:9BBF:

{{EngvarB|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bhupendranath Datta
| image = Bhupendranath Datta (brother of Swami Vivekananda).png
| image_size = 230px
| alt =
| caption = Sri Bhupendranath Datta
| native_name = শ্রী ভূপেন্দ্রনাথ দত্ত
| birth_name = Bhupendranath Datta
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1880|09|04}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| disappeared_date =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1961|12|25|1880|09|04}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| education = New York University Brown University
 University of Hamburg
| occupation = Revolutionary Freedom Fighter Biological Anthropologist
| known_for = Being Brother of [[Swami Vivekananda]]
| notable_works = Baishnaba Sahitye (in Bengali) Bharatera Dvitiya Svadhinatara Samgrama:Aprakasita Rajanitika (in Bengali) Bharatiya Samaja-Paddhati (in Bengali) Dialectics of Hindu Ritualism Studies in Indian Social Polity Swami Vivekananda, Patriot-prophet:A Study
| party = [[Jugantar]] [[Ghadar Party]] [[Communist International]] [[AITUC]]
| movement = Indian Independence Movement
| mother = Bhubabeshwari Devi
| father = [[Vishwanath Datta]]
| relatives = [[Swami Vivekananda]] (12 January 1863 — 4 July 1902), Mahendranath Datta (1 August 1869 — 15 October 1956 (''both elder brother''), Sarnabala Devi (1860 — 16 February 1932) (elder sister), Vishwanath Datta (father), Bhuvaneshwari Devi (mother), Durgaprasad Datta (paternal grandfather), Raghumani Basu (maternal grandmother)
}}
'''Bhupendranath Datta''' (4 September 1880 – 25 December 1961)<ref name="Badrinath2006">{{cite book|author=Chaturvedi, Badrinath|title=Swami Vivekananda: The Living Vedanta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zKKZo3fbby4C&pg=PT444|date=2006|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-507-7|page=444}}</ref> was an Indian [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|revolutionary]] and later a noted [[sociologist]] and [[anthropologist]]. He associated [[Sri Aurobindo|Rishi Aurobindo]] in his political works. In his youth, he was closely associated with the [[Jugantar]] movement, serving as the editor of ''[[Jugantar Patrika]]'' till his arrest and imprisonment in 1907. In his later revolutionary career, he was privy to the [[Indo-German Conspiracy]]. His elder brother was [[Swami Vivekananda]]. The [[Asiatic Society]] today holds the ''Dr. Bhupendranath Datta memorial lecture'' in his honour.
{{Anushilan Samiti}}
Datta was a writer too. He wrote several books on Indian culture and society. He wrote a book named "''Swami Vivekananda, Patriot-prophet".''

== Early life and education ==
[[File:Swami Vivekananda July 1895 Thousand Island Park.jpg|thumb|170px|Datta was younger brother of [[Swami Vivekananda]]. Datta wrote a book ''Swami Vivekananda, Patriot-prophet'' in which he discussed Vivekananda's socialist view.<ref name="Sil1997">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTDPlJPyV_MC&pg=PA73|title=Swami Vivekananda: A Reassessment|author=Narasingha Prosad Sil|publisher=Susquehanna University Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-945636-97-7|page=73|access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref>]]
Datta was born on 4 September 1880 in the town of [[Calcutta]], the capital of [[Bengal Presidency]], the largest province of British India at that time. His parents were [[Vishwanath Datta]] and Bhuvaneshwari Datta. He had two elder brothers, Narendranath Datta (later known as [[Swami Vivekananda]]) and Mahendranath Datta. [[Vishwanath Datta]] was an attorney of Calcutta High Court and Bhuvaneshwari Devi was a housewife.<ref name="Bhuyan2003">{{cite book|author=P. R. Bhuyan|title=Swami Vivekananda: Messiah of Resurgent India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLmFDRortS0C&pg=PA4|date=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0234-7|pages=4–6}}</ref> Datta was enrolled in [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]]'s Metropolitan Institution from where he passed entrance examination. In his youth, he joined [[Brahmo Samaj]] led by [[Keshub Chandra Sen]] and [[Debendranath Tagore]]. Here he met [[Sivanath Sastri]] who deeply influenced him. Datta's religious and social beliefs were shaped by Brahmo Samaj which included belief in a caste-less society, in a single God and revolts against superstitions.<ref name="Sangsad Bangla Charitabhidhan">{{cite book|title=Sangsad Bangla Charitabhidhan Volume I|publisher=Balgla Sangsad}}</ref>

== Revolutionary activities ==
=== In India ===
Datta decided to join Indian independence movement, and joined Bengal Revolutionary Society formed by Pramathanath Mitra in 1902. In 1906, he became the editor of the newspaper ''[[Jugantar Patrika]]''. This newspaper was the mouthpiece of the Revolutionary Party of Bengal. In this period he became a close associate of [[Sri Aurobindo]] and [[Barindra Ghosh]].<ref name="SissonWolpert1988">{{cite book|author1=Richard Sisson|author2=Stanley A. Wolpert|title=Congress and Indian nationalism: the pre-independence phase ; [rev. versions of papers presented at an international conference, held in March 1984 at the University of California, Los Angeles]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QfOSxFVQa8IC&pg=PA64|date=1988|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-06041-8|page=64}}</ref>

In 1907, Datta was arrested by British police with the charge of sedition and was sentenced to one year's imprisonment.<ref name="Sangsad Bangla Charitabhidhan" /><ref name=IndHist />

=== In USA ===
After release in 1908 he left India for the United States. After his arrival, he stayed at the "India House" for a while.<ref name="Sangsad Bangla Charitabhidhan" /><ref name="IndHist">{{cite book|title=Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&pg=SL3-PA398|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-8424-568-4|page=3|year = 1988}}</ref> He finished his post-graduate studies and obtained an M.A. degree from [[Brown University]].<ref name="IndHist" />

=== In Germany ===
Datta joined [[Ghadar Party]] of California and there he studied about socialism and communism.<ref name="Sangsad Bangla Charitabhidhan" /> During [[World War I]], he went to Germany and started revolutionary and political activities there. In 1916, he became the secretary of [[Indian Independence Committee]] in Berlin.<ref name=IndHist /> He remained the secretary of this organisation till 1918. He took memberships of German Anthropological Society in 1920 and German Asiatic Society in 1924.<ref name="Sangsad Bangla Charitabhidhan" />

In 1921 Datta went to Moscow to join [[Comintern]]. [[Manabendra Nath Roy]] and Birendranath Dasgupta also attended this year's Comintern. During the Datta presented [[Vladimir Lenin]] a research paper on political condition of contemporary India. He obtained a doctorate degree in [[Anthropology]] from the [[University of Hamburg]] in 1923.<ref name="Sangsad Bangla Charitabhidhan" />

=== Back in India ===
Then he returned to India and decided to join [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name=IndHist /> He became members of Bengal Regional Congress in 1927—28 and All India Congress Committee in 1929. In the annual conference of Indian National Congress organised in Karachi in 1930, he proposed a fundamental right for Indian farmers and had it accepted by the Congress Committee led by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. He chaired two All India Trade Union Congress' annual conference. He was arrested for his political activities.<ref name="Sangsad Bangla Charitabhidhan" />

== Literary works ==
Datta wrote books on different subjects like sociology, history, politics etc. He was a linguist and wrote books in [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]], English, [[German language|German]], [[Iranian languages|Iranian]]. Few of his notable books are—<ref name="Sangsad Bangla Charitabhidhan" />
* {{Cite book|title=Baishnaba sahitye samajatattva|year=1945|asin=B0000CR4M4|language=bn}}
* {{Cite book|title=Bharatera dvitiya svadhinatara samgrama: Aprakasita rajanitika itihas|year=1983|asin=B0000CR5R2|language=bn}}
* {{Cite book|title=Bharatiya samaja-paddhati|year=1983|asin=B0000CR5CO|language=bn}}
* {{Cite book|title=Dialectics of Hindu ritualism|year=1950|asin=B0000CQWOM}}
* {{cite book|title=Studies in Indian Social Polity|year=1983|publisher=Nababharat Publishers|asin=B0000CQASU}}
* {{cite book|title=Swami Vivekananda, Patriot-prophet: A Study|year=1954|publisher=Nababharat Publishers|asin=B0000CR0OQ}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Swami Vivekananda}}
{{Ghadar Conspiracy}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutta, Bhupendranath}}
[[Category:Anushilan Samiti]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:1880 births|Dutta,Bhupendranath]]
[[Category:1961 deaths|Dutta,Bhupendranath]]
[[Category:Indian sociologists]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|Dutta,Bhupendranath]]
[[Category:Bengali people|Dutta,Bhupendranath]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries|Dutta,Bhupendranath]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni|Dutta,Bhupendranath]]
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy|Dutta,Bhupendranath]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:English-language writers from India]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Swami Vivekananda]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]

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Bhupendranath Datta