Shimla district

2021-08-25T07:04:09Z

2409:4056:D:D6D5:C8BA:194D:FF20:1A5F: Correction

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shimla district
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Himachal Pradesh|District of Himachal Pradesh]]
| image_skyline = Shimla-Cityscape-12-gje.jpg
| image_caption = Shimla city, headquarter of Shimla district
| nickname = The Queen of Hills
| image_map = Shimla in Himachal Pradesh (India).svg
| map_alt = Shimla District
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Himachal Pradesh Flag, India.png}} [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = 
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Shimla]]
| leader_title = [[Deputy Commissioner (India)|Deputy Commissioner]]
| leader_name = Aditya Negi, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = Monika Bhutunguru, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| leader_title3 = [[List of Constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Constituencies]]
| leader_name3 = [[Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimla]]
| leader_title4 = Vidhan. Sabha Constituencies
| leader_name4 = {{collapsible list|title= |[[Shimla (Vidhan Sabha constituency)| Shimla]]|[[Shimla Rural (Vidhan Sabha constituency)| Shimla Rural]]
|[[Rampur (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Rampur]]|[[Kasumpati (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kasumpti]]|[[Theog (Vidhan Sabha constituency)| Theog]]|[[Jubbal-Kotkhai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)| Jubbal-Kotkhai]] |[[Rohru (Vidhan Sabha constituency)| Rohru]]|[[Chopal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chopal]]}}
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 5131
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 814010
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 3rd
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics_type2 = Demographics
| demographics2_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics2_info2 = 916
| demographics2_title3 = Literacy
| demographics2_info3 = 84.55
| demographics2_title4 = Literacy: male
| demographics2_info4 = 90.73
| demographics2_title5 = Literacy: female
| demographics2_info5 = 77.80
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 171xxx
| area_code = 91 177 xxxxxxx
| iso_code = IN-HP
| blank1_name_sec1 = Largest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Shimla
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|ETh]] {{small|([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|1520|mm|in}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. annual temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|17|°C|°F}}
| blank4_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank4_info_sec2 = {{convert|22|°C|°F}}
| blank5_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank5_info_sec2 = {{convert|4|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|http://hpshimla.nic.in/welcome.asp}}
}}
'''Shimla''' is a [[District (India)|district]] in the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]] in northern India. Its headquarters is the state capital of [[Shimla]]. Neighbouring districts are [[Mandi District|Mandi]] and [[Kullu]] in the north, [[Kinnaur]] in the east, [[Uttarakhand]] in the southeast, [[Solan]] to the southwest and [[Sirmaur District|Sirmaur]] in the south. The elevation of the district ranges from {{convert|987|m|ft|0}} to {{convert|4500|m|ft|0}}.

As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Himachal Pradesh (out of [[List of districts of Himachal Pradesh|12]]), after [[Kangra district|Kangra]] and [[Mandi district|Mandi]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> It is the most urbanized district of Himachal Pradesh.

The most commonly practised religion in the district is [[Hinduism]]. Hindi and [[Mahasu Pahari language|Pahari]] are the languages spoken. Tourism and agriculture/horticulture are the majors source of income.

== Administrative structure ==

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:550px; margin:0 0 1em 1em; background:#f4f5f6; border:#c6c7c8 solid;"
|-
! Sl. No. || Particulars || Description
|-
| 1 || Geographical Area || 5,131 km2
|-
| 2 || Area (out of total area) of H.P. || 9.22%
|-
| 3 || Tehsils || (15) [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Kumarsain]], [[Seoni, Himachal Pradesh|Seoni]], [[Shimla]](R), [[Shimla]](U), [[Theog]], [[Chaupal, Himachal Pradesh|Chaupal]], [[Jubbal]], [[Kotkhai]], [[Rohru]], Chirgaon, Dodra-Kawar, [[Nerwa, Shimla|Nerwa]], Kupvi, [[Nankhari]]
|-
| 4 || Sub-Tehsils || (10) Taklech ([[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]]), [[Junga, Himachal Pradesh|Junga]] ([[Shimla]](R)), Deha ([[Theog]]), [[Tikkar]] ([[Rohru]]), Kotgarh ([[Kumarsain]]), Dhami ([[Shimla]](R)), Jalog ([[Seoni, Himachal Pradesh|Seoni]]), [[Sarahan]] ([[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]]), Jangla (Chirgaon), [[Sawra|Saraswati Nagar]] ([[Jubbal]])
|-
| 5 || Towns || (9) [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Kumarsain]], [[Narkanda]], [[Theog]], [[Seoni, Himachal Pradesh|Seoni]], [[Chaupal, Himachal Pradesh|Chaupal]], [[Kotkhai]], [[Jubbal]], [[Rohru]]
|-
| 6 || Sub-Divisions || (8) [[Shimla]](U), [[Shimla]](R), [[Theog]], [[Chaupal, Himachal Pradesh|Chaupal]], [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Rohru]], [[Kumarsain]], Dodra-Kawar
|-
| 7 || C.D. Blocks || (10) [[Mashobra]], [[Theog]], [[Chaupal, Himachal Pradesh|Chaupal]], [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Narkanda]], [[Jubbal]], [[Rohru]], Chirgaon, Basantpur, [[Nankhari]]
|-
| 8 || Legislative Assembly || (8) [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Shimla]](R), [[Shimla]](U), [[Theog]], [[Chaupal, Himachal Pradesh|Chaupal]], [[Jubbal]]-[[Kotkhai]], [[Rohru]], [[Kasumpati]]
|-
| 9 || Villages || 2,914
|-
| 10 || Inhabited || 2,520
|-
| 11 || Uninhabited || 394
|-
| 12 || Density || 159 person per km2
|-
| 13 || Panchayts || 363
|}

== Access ==
[[File:Train shimla.jpg|thumb|250px|Kalka-Shimla train]]

[[File:Shimla airport JubbarHatti.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Jubbarhatti Airport]]

=== By road ===

Shimla is connected by road to all the major towns. Distance between the major towns and Shimla:
* [[Kalka]] - 80 km
* [[Patiala]] - 172 km
* [[Chandigarh]] - 119 km
* [[Ambala]] - 166 km
* [[Delhi]] - 380 km
* [[Agra]] - 568 km
* [[Amritsar]] - 342 km
* [[Jammu]] (via [[Pathankot]]) - 482 km
* [[Srinagar]] - 787 km
* [[Jaipur]] - 629 km
* [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharmsala]] (via [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India|Mandi]]) - 290 km
* [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]] (via [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]]) - 235 km
* [[Dalhousie, India|Dalhousie]] - 345 km
* [[Chamba, Himachal Pradesh|Chamba]] - 401 km
* [[Kullu]] - 235 km
* [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] - 280 km
* [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]] - 153 km
* [[Palampur]] - 270 km
* [[Dehradoon]] - 275 km
* [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]] - 132 km
* [[Kumarsain]] - 80 km
* [[Rohru]] - 129 km
* [[Theog]] - 28 km
* [[Chaupal, Himachal Pradesh|Chaupal]] - 100 km
* [[Narkanda]] - 60 km

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Shimla (1951–1980)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 21.4
| Feb record high C = 22.6
| Mar record high C = 25.8
| Apr record high C = 29.6
| May record high C = 32.4
| Jun record high C = 31.5
| Jul record high C = 28.9
| Aug record high C = 27.8
| Sep record high C = 28.6
| Oct record high C = 25.6
| Nov record high C = 23.5
| Dec record high C = 20.5
| year record high C = 32.4
| Jan high C = 8.9
| Feb high C = 10.6
| Mar high C = 14.8
| Apr high C = 19.4
| May high C = 22.9
| Jun high C = 24.1
| Jul high C = 21.0
| Aug high C = 20.2
| Sep high C = 20.1
| Oct high C = 23.7
| Nov high C = 15.1
| Dec high C = 12.0
| year high C = 17.3
| Jan low C = 1.7
| Feb low C = 3.0
| Mar low C = 6.8
| Apr low C = 11.1
| May low C = 14.2
| Jun low C = 15.6
| Jul low C = 15.0
| Aug low C = 14.8
| Sep low C = 13.4
| Oct low C = 10.7
| Nov low C = 7.0
| Dec low C = 4.3
| year low C = 9.8
| Jan record low C = -10.6
| Feb record low C = -8.5
| Mar record low C = -6.1
| Apr record low C = -1.3
| May record low C = 1.4
| Jun record low C = 7.8
| Jul record low C = 9.4
| Aug record low C = 10.6
| Sep record low C = 5.0
| Oct record low C = 0.2
| Nov record low C = -1.1
| Dec record low C = -12.2
| year record low C = -12.2
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 54.6
| Feb precipitation mm = 47.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 59.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 41.1
| May precipitation mm = 56.4
| Jun precipitation mm = 175.6
| Jul precipitation mm = 376.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 335.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 190.2
| Oct precipitation mm = 46.2
| Nov precipitation mm = 13.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 16.0
| year precipitation mm = 1424.8
| Jan rain days = 4.7
| Feb rain days = 4.1
| Mar rain days = 5.2
| Apr rain days = 3.6
| May rain days = 4.6
| Jun rain days = 10.3
| Jul rain days = 18.3
| Aug rain days = 18.1
| Sep rain days = 9.9
| Oct rain days = 2.9
| Nov rain days = 1.3
| Dec rain days = 1.8
| year rain days = 84.8
| source 1 = India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)<ref name=IMD>
{{cite web
|url = http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/shimla2.htm
|title = Shimla Climatological Table Period: 1951–1980
|publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
|access-date = 10 April 2015
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150414130824/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/shimla2.htm
|archive-date = 14 April 2015
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref name=IMD2>{{cite web
|url = http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|format = PDF
|title = Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010
|publisher = India Meteorological Department
|access-date = 10 April 2015
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6GmnoaB0m?url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|archive-date = 21 May 2013
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>
| date = May 2014}}

==Demographics==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Shimla district (2011)<ref name="Shimla district Population">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/himachal-pradesh/shimla-population.html|title=Shimla district Population|work=Census India|accessdate=11 July 2021}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 97.23
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 1.45
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 0.5
|color3 = Yellow
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 0.25
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = [[Buddhism]]
|value5 = 0.4
|color5 = Gold
|label6 = [[Jainism]]
|value6 = 0.02
|color6 = Maroon
|label7 = Others
|value7 = 0.02
|color7 = Grey
|label8 = Not Stated
|value8 = 0.13
|color8 = Black
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] the district had a population of 814,010,<ref name="2011CensusHandbook">http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0211_PART_B_DCHB_SHIMLA.pdf pp. 22–23</ref> This gives it a ranking of 483rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 159 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}. Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.67%. Shimla has a [[sex ratio]] of 915 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males, and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 83.64%.<ref name="2011CensusHandbook"/>
It has the highest urban population of all districts in Himachal. The urban population forms 24.77% of the district.

At the 2011 census, 68% of the population identified their first language as [[Pahari language|Pahari]], 20% chose [[Hindi]], 4.6% – [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 1.4% – [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and 1% – [[Kangri language|Kangri]].<ref>{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Himachal Pradesh |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0200.XLSX |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=6 October 2019}}</ref>

[[File:View of a Himalayan valley, Himchal Pradesh.jpg|right|thumb|250px|View of a Himalayan valley]]
[[File:Shimla.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ridge Shimla]]
[[File:2007-07-10Viceregal Lodge Rashtrapati Niwas Shimla gopal1035.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Shimla]]
[[File:Shimla british.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Sheep flock]]
[[File:Dhami From Jyun Ki Dhaar.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Dhami village near Shimla]]

===Statistics===
As of Census of India 2001
*Population count - 813,384
**Males - 424,486
**Females - 388,898
*Sex ratio (females per 1000 males) - 916
*Growth (2001–2011) - 12.58%
*Rural - 555,269
*Urban - 167,233
*Scheduled Caste population - 188,787
**Percentage to total population - 26.13%
*Scheduled Tribe population - 4,112
**Percentage to total population - 0.57%
* Number of households - 1 54,693
*Household size (per household) - 5

====Literacy and education levels====
*Literates
**Persons - 619,427
**Males - 347,013
**Females - 272,414
* Literacy rate
**Persons - 84.55%
**Males - 90.73%
**Females - 77.80%

====Education level attained====
Total - 504,330
**Without level - 11,640
**Below primary - 97,060
**Primary - 114,805
**Middle - 78,995
**Matric/Higher Secondary/Diploma - 153,284
**Graduate and above - 48,464

====Age groups====
* 0 – 4 years - 39,305
* 5 – 14 years - 189,801
* 15 – 59 years - 488,784
* 60 years and above (incl. A.N.S.) - 57,612

====Major towns====
# [[Shimla]] (''M Corp.'') - 142,555
# [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]] (''M Cl'') - 9,653
# [[Rohru]] (''M CI'') - 8,205
# [[Chaupal, Himachal Pradesh|Chaupal]] (''NP'') - 6786
# [[Kumarsain]] (''NP'') - 5461
# [[Seoni, Himachal Pradesh|Sunni]] (''NP'') - 3934
# [[Jubbal]] (''NP'') - 3856

Total inhabited villages - 2,520

====Type of house (% of households occupying)====
* Permanent - 83.2
*Semi-permanent - 14.6
*Temporary - 2.2
{{historical populations|11=1904|12=2,30,144|13=1906|14=2,23,701|15=1921|16=2,28,138|17=1931|18=2,38,280|19=1941|20=2,59,656|21=1951|22=2,86,111|23=1961|24=3,41,461|25=1971|26=4,19,844|27=1981|28=5,10,932|29=1991|30=6,17,404|31=2001|32=7,22,502|33=2011|34=8,14,010|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

==See also==
*[[Bhattakufer]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [http://hpshimla.gov.in/ Official website of the Shimla district]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125202857/http://himachalpr.gov.in/intranet/Shimla/A.DISTRICT%20PROFILE.doc District Profile]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125202926/http://himachalpr.gov.in/intranet/Shimla/B.CULTURAL%20%26%20TOURISM%20HERITAGE%20OF%20THE%20DISTRICT.doc Cultural & tourism heritage of the district]

{{Geographic Location
| Centre = Shimla district
| North = [[Kullu district]]
| Northeast =
| East = [[Kinnaur district]] [[Uttarkashi district]], [[Uttarakhand]]
| Southeast = [[Dehradun district]], [[Uttarakhand]]
| South =
| Southwest = [[Sirmaur district]]
| West = [[Solan district]]
| Northwest = [[Mandi District]]
}}

{{Districts of Himachal Pradesh}}
{{Geo HP}}
{{Himachal Pradesh topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shimla District}}
[[Category:Shimla district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Himachal Pradesh]]

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Shimla district