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Agra gharana
2021-05-08T07:34:24Z
<p>2409:4056:202:CA89:4CA5:77BF:49E6:5D52: /* Some prominent exponents */https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bade_Ghulam_Ali_Khan</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br />
[[File:Dadurwa Bolay Mor Shor Karat .ogg|thumb|Recording by [[Zohrabai]] (1910).]]<br />
The '''Agra gharana''' is a tradition of [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical vocal music]] descended from the [[Nauhar Bani]]. So far, Nauhar Bani has been traced back to around 1300 AD, during the reign of Emperor [[Allauddin Khilji]] of [[Delhi]].<br />
<br />
The first known musician of this tradition is Nayak Gopal. The style prevalent then in the Gharana was "[[Dhrupad]]-[[Dhamar (music)|Dhamar]]". Ghagghe Khudabuksh (1790–1880 AD) introduced the "Khayal" style of [[Gwalior Gharana]] into Agra gharana which Khudabaksh learnt from Natthan Paribaksh of Gwalior.<br />
<br />
==Pedagogical genealogy==<br />
The following maps are based on recorded accounts by [[Vilayat Hussain Khan]] and [[Yunus Hussain Khan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=Tapasi |title=Pran Piya: Ustad Vilayat Hussain Khan |date=2008 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors |location=India |isbn=978-81-269-0855-4 |page=Appendix}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Ancestral Lineage===<br />
{{tree chart/start|style=font-size:80%;line-height:100%;}}<br />
{{tree chart| | |:| | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{tree chart| |GAUHA| | | | | | | |GOPAL<br />
|GAUHA=[[Dhrupad|''Gauharbani Guru<br />Parampara'']]<br />
|GOPAL=[[Nayak Gopal|Nayak<br />Gopal]]}}<br />
{{tree chart| | |:| | | | | | | | | |D|~|~|~|~|~|7| |}}<br />
{{tree chart| |HARID| | | | | | | |NAUHA| | | |KIRAN<br />
|HARID=[[Swami Haridas|Swami<br />Haridas]]<br />
|NAUHA=[[Dhrupad|''Nauharbani Guru<br />Parampara'']]<br />
|KIRAN=[[Kirana Gharana|''Kirana Gharana<br />Parampara'']]}}<br />
{{tree chart| | |:| | | |F|~|~|~|V|~|A|~|V|~|~|~|7| |}}<br />
{{tree chart| |TANSE| |LOHAN| |ALAKH| |KHALA| |MALUK<br />
|TANSE=[[Tansen|Miyan<br>Tansen]]<br />
|LOHAN=Lohang<br />Das<br />
|ALAKH=Alakh<br />Das<br />
|KHALA=Khalak<br />Das<br />
|MALUK=Malukh<br />Das}}<br />
{{tree chart| | |:| | | | | |F|~|A|~|~|~|7| | | | | |}}<br />
{{tree chart| |DAUG1| | | |SUJAN| | | |BICHI| | | | <br />
|DAUG1=''Daughter''<br />
|SUJAN=Sujan<br />Singh<br />
|BICHI=Bichitra<br />Khan}}<br />
{{tree chart| | |L|~|~|~|V|~|J| | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | |SURGY<br />
|SURGY=Surgyan<br />Khan}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | |F|~|A|~|7| | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | |QADER| |DAUG2<br />
|QADER=Qader Shah<br />(Jogi Bacche)<br />
|DAUG2=''Daughter''}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | |:| | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | |HYDER| |WAZIR<br />
|HYDER=Hyder Shah<br />
|WAZIR=Wazir<br>Khan}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | |:| | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | |DAYAM| |HASAN| | | | |GWALI<br />
|DAYAM=Dayam Khan<br />("Saras-rang")<br />
|HASAN=Hasan & Saiyad<br>Khan<br />
|GWALI=[[Gwalior Gharana|''Gwalior Gharana<br />Guru Parampara'']]}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | |:| | | |:| | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | |QAYAM| |FAIZM| | | | |NATHA| | | | |RANGI<br />
|QAYAM=Qayam Khan<br />("Sham-rang")<br />
|FAIZM=Faiz Mohammed<br>Khan (Barodewale)<br />
|NATHA=[[Gwalior Gharana#Pedagogical Genealogy|Nathan Peer<br />Baksh]]<br />
|RANGI=''Rangile Gharana<br />Parampara''}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | |:| |}}<br />
{{tree chart| | |F|~|A|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|7| |:| | | | | | |:| |}}<br />
{{tree chart| | |:| | | |:| | | |:| | |L|V|J| | | | | | |:| |}}<br />
{{tree chart| |JUNGG| |SOOSA| |GULAB| |GHAGG| | | | | |RAMZA<br />
|JUNGG=Junggu<br />Khan<br />
|SOOSA=Soosa<br>Khan<br />
|GULAB=Gulab<br>Khan<br />
|GHAGG=[[Ghagge Khuda Baksh|Ghagge Khuda<br />Baksh]]<br />
|RAMZA=[[Ramzan Khan Rangile|Ramzan Khan<br />("Rangile")]]}}<br />
{{tree chart| | |)|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |}}<br />
{{tree chart| |SHERK| |MOHAM| |GHHAI| | | | | |GHABB| |MOHAL<br />
|SHERK=Sher<br />Khan<br />
|MOHAM=Mohammed<br />Khan<br />
|GHHAI=Ghulam Haider<br />"Kallan" Khan<br />
|GHABB=Ghulam Abbas<br />Khan<br />
|MOHAL=Mohammed Ali<br />Khan}}<br />
{{tree chart| | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |!| |}}<br />
{{tree chart| |NATTH| |HYDOR| |TASAD| |QADRI| |ABBAS| |SAFDA<br />
|NATTH=Nisar Hussain<br />"Natthan" Khan<br />
|HYDOR=Hydori Begum<br />
|TASAD=[[Tassaduq Hussain Khan|Tassaduq<br />Hussain Khan]]<br />
|QADRI=Qadri Begum<br />
|ABBAS=Abbasi Begum<br />
|SAFDA=[[Safdar Hussain Khan|Safdar<br />Hussain Khan]]}}<br />
{{tree chart| | |:| | | |:| | | |:| | | |:| | | |`|-|v|-|'| |}}<br />
{{tree chart| | |:| | | |:| | | | :| | | |:| | | | |FAIYA<br />
|FAIYA=[[Faiyaz Khan|Faiyaz<br />Hussain Khan]]}}<br />
{{tree chart| | |:| | | |:| | | |:| | | |:| | | | | |:| | | |}}<br />
{{tree chart/end}}<br />
<br />
==Distinguishing characteristics==<br />
The gayaki (style of singing) of the Agra Gharana is a blend of khayal gayaki and dhrupad-dhamar. In training, both the khayal and dhrupad components run hand in hand and are not taught in an isolated fashion. This is obvious from the method of singing notes of the Agra Gharana which demands that the projection of voice be more forceful and voluminous than usually encountered in khayal gayaki, as well as uttering notes open and bare (without grace notes).<br />
<br />
Most khayal performances by artists of Agra gharana commence with the nom-tom alaap, a tradition unique to the Agra gharana. Different facets of a raga are displayed with the help of [[bandish]] while the [[raga]] is elaborated using vistaar.{{which lang|date=June 2020}}<br />
<br />
The gharana adopts a kind of voice production which relies on a flatter version of the vowel sound "a", which makes its music agreeable to rhythmic variations and is best suited for a deep masculine voice. Emphasis is laid on bold, full-throated and robust voice production, and singing in the lower register (mandra) is favoured. Keeping in tune with its dhrupadic origins, the singers use broad and powerful ornamentations (gamaks),{{which lang|date=June 2020}} extensive glides (meends),{{which lang|date=June 2020}} and resonant articulations of notes. As with the Gwalior gharana, the Agra singers accentuate the importance of the bandish and its methodical exposition. Singers following Faiyaz Khan's style resort to the dhrupadic nom-tom alaap before singing the bandish. The singers of this gharana are also great masters over layakari{{which lang|date=June 2020}} or the rhythmic component. In fact, layakari is the foundation on which the singers build the edifice of the bandish. Agra singers' [[tihai]]s{{which lang|date=June 2020}} are eagerly awaited, as are their nifty ways of arriving at the same, by building up anticipation within the listener.<br />
<br />
This is the only Gharana that has still continued to sing Dhrupad-Dhamar along with Nom-Tom Alap, [[Khayal]], [[Thumri]], [[Tappa]], [[Tarana]], [[Hori (music)|Hori]],<br />
<br />
== Some prominent exponents ==<br />
*[[Faiyaz Khan]] (1880–1950) "Prempiya"<br />
*[[Ghagghe Khudhabaksh]]<br />
*[[Kale Khan]] "Saras Piya"<br />
*Ghulam Abbas Khan-"Sabrang" (Sabrang is also Upnam of Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan of Patiala Ghrana)<br />
*[[Natthan Khan]] "Shyam" <br />
*[[Tasadduk Hussain Khan]] "[[Vinod Piya]]" <br />
*[[Abdullah Khan (singer)|Abdullah Khan]] "[[Manhar Piya]]" <br />
*[[Vilayat Hussain Khan]] "[[Pran Piya]]" (1895–1962)<br />
*[[Nanne Khan]] "[[Shakeel Piya]]" <br />
*[[Yunus Hussain Khan]] "Darpan" (1927-1991)<br />
*[[Khadim Hussain Khan]] "Sajan Piya" (1907–1993)<br />
*[[Anwar Hussain Khan]] "[[Rasrang]]" <br />
*[[Raja Miyan]]<br />
*[[Latafat Hussain Khan]] "Prem Das" (1920–1986)<br />
*[[Sharafat Hussain Khan]] "Prem Rang" (1930–1985)<br />
*[[Ata Hussain Khan]] "Ratanpiya" (1899–1980)<br />
*[[Basheer Ahmed Khan]] <br />
*[[Aqeel Ahmed Khan]] <br />
*[[Naseem Ahmed Khan]]<br />
*[[Ustad Shafi Ahmad Khan]]<br />
*[[Waseem Ahmed Khan]]<br />
*[[Yaqub Hussain Khan]] (b. 1936)<br />
*[[Shrikrishna Narayan Ratanjankar]] "Sujan" (1900–1974)<br />
*[[Dilip Chandra Vedi]] (1901–1992)<br />
*[[Babanrao Haldankar]] "Raspiya" (1927–2016)<ref>{{cite book|author=Jeffrey Michael Grimes|title=The Geography of Hindustani Music: The Influence of Region and Regionalism on the North Indian Classical Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eoNVmfGBLoC&pg=PA280|year=2008|isbn=978-1-109-00342-0|page=139|ref=Gr}}</ref><br />
*[[Dr. Deepali Nag]] (1922–2009)<br />
*[[K.G. Ginde]] (1925-1994)<br />
*[[S.C.R. Bhat]] (1918-2008)<br />
*[[Purnima Sen]] (b. 1937)<br />
*[[Y.M. Mahale]]<br />
*[[Zohrabai]] (1868–1913)<br />
*[[Indudhar Nirody]] (b. 1935)<br />
*Pt. [[Yashpaul]] "[[Sagun Piya]]" (b. 1937)<br />
*[[Ramarao V. Naik]] (1909–1998)<br />
*[[Lalita Shivaram Ubhayaker]] (1928–2012)<br />
*[[Lalith J. Rao]] (b. 1942)<br />
*[[Meera Savoor]] (b. 1932)<br />
*[[Dinkar Kaikini]] "Din Rang" (1927–2010)<br />
*[[Sumati Mutatkar]] (1916–2007)<br />
*[[Subhra Guha]] (b. 1956)<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book|author=Bonnie C. Wade|title=Khyāl: Creativity Within North India's Classical Music Tradition|chapter=Agra gharana|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MiE9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA102|year=1984|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25659-9|pages=101–129}}<br />
* {{cite book|author=Babanrao Haldankar|authorlink=Babanrao Haldankar|title=Aesthetics of Agra and Jaipur Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ktS00KztX3YC|author2=Padmaja Punde|date=2001|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7154-685-5}}<br />
* {{cite book|author=Tapasi Ghosh|title=Pran Piya Ustad Vilayat Hussain Khan: His Life and Contribution to the World of Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aa_gH_MNZesC&pg=PA23|year=2008|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0855-4}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130407073524/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_story/sra_story_guru/sra_story_guru_links/sra_story_guru_gharana/gharana.asp?gharanaid=2 Agra gharana] [[ITC Sangeet Research Academy]]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Agra Gharana}}<br />
[[Category:Agra gharana| ]]<br />
[[Category:Vocal gharanas]]<br />
[[Category:Agra]]<br />
[[Category:Music of Uttar Pradesh]]</div>
2409:4056:202:CA89:4CA5:77BF:49E6:5D52