Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh

2021-07-07T14:50:13Z

2409:4053:2E93:1695:E008:6EFF:FECA:8832: /* Notable people */

{{short description|City in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Jaunpur district}}
{{Other uses|Jaunpur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jaunpur
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = Shahi bridge, Jaunpur.jpg
| image_alt = Shahi bridge, Jaunpur
| image_caption = [[Shahi Bridge]]
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|25.73|N|82.68|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1359
| founder
| named_for = [[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]] <br/> (nickname - Jauna Khan)
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = [[Jaunpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| leader_name1 = [[Shyam Singh Yadav]] ([[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 82
| population_total = 180,362
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| population_density_km2 = 1,113
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=7 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_info3 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=India |first1=Linguistic Survey of |title=Linguistic Survey of India |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |page=248 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Linguistic_Survey_of_India/q5MOAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=jaunpur |language=en}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 222001
| registration_plate = UP-62
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 924 females per 1000 males [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = http://jaunpur.nic.in
| footnotes =
}}

'''Jaunpur''' ({{IPA-hns|dʒɔːnpʊr|-|Jaunpur_pronunciation.ogg}} is a city and a [[municipal board]] in [[Jaunpur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located 228 km southeast of state capital [[Lucknow]].

Jaunpur is located to the northwest of the district of Varanasi in the eastern part of the North Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the [[Purvanchal]] area in which it is located.

==History==
{{More citations needed section|date=August 2020}}
{{further|Sultanate of Jaunpur}}

[[File:Silver Coin of Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur.jpg|thumb|208x208px|coin of 32 rattis issued by Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur.|left]]Jaunpur, historically known as Sultan, having its historical dates from 1359, when the city was founded by the [[Sultan of Delhi]] [[Feroz Shah Tughlaq]] and named in memory of his cousin, [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], whose given name was Jauna Khan.<ref>Stan Goron and J.P. Goenka: ''The Coins of the Indian Sultanates'', New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 2001.</ref><ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=98}}</ref> In 1388, Feroz Shah Tughlaq appointed Malik Sarwar, a [[Eunuch (court official)|eunuch]], who is notorious for having been the lover of Feroz Shah Tughlaq's daughter, as the governor of the region. The Sultanate was in disarray because of factional fighting for power, and in 1393 Malik Sarwar declared independence. He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah founded what came to be known as the [[Sharqi dynasty]] (dynasty of the East). During the Sharqi period the Jaunpur Sultanate was a strong military power in Northern India, and on several occasions threatened the Delhi Sultanate.[[File:The War Elephants Citranand and Udiya Collide in Battle.jpg|thumb|It depicts the elephant Citranand attacking another, called Udiya, during the Mughal campaign against the rebel forces of Khan Zaman and Bahadur Khan in 1567.|left]][[File:View at Juanpore, on the River Ganges (IV, June 1847, p.60) - Copy.jpg|thumb|260px|View at Juanpore, on the River Gomti (1847)<ref name="Offering1847">{{cite journal|date=June 1847|title=View at Jaunpur, on the River Ganges|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wEAAAAQAAJ|journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering|volume=IV|page=60|access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>]]The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams-ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402-1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Qutb al-Alam, he threatened the [[Sultanate of Bengal]] under [[Raja Ganesha]].<ref>Goron and Goenka, p. 343.</ref>

During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts by [[Bahlul Khan Lodi]]. It is a dominant trend in modern historiography of the period that this defeat was a cause of a large number of eunuchs in the military ranks. Finally, under [[Sikandar Lodi]], the Delhi Sultante was able to reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end.

The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center of [[Urdu]] and [[Sufi]] knowledge and culture. The Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations between [[Muslim]]s and [[Hindu]]s, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants of [[Persian people|Persians]] or [[Afghan people|Afghans]]. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered by [[Sikander Lodhi]], the Sultan of [[Delhi]]. The Sharqi kings attempted for several years to retake the city, but ultimately failed.

Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when the [[Lodi dynasty|Lodi]]s took the city, several important [[mosque]]s remain, most notably the [[Atala Masjid, Jaunpur|Atala Masjid]], [[Jama Masjid, Jaunpur|Jama Masjid]] (now known as the Bari (big mosque) Masjid) and the [[Lal Darwaza Masjid, Jaunpur|Lal Darwaza Masjid]]. The Jaunpur mosques display a unique architectural style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with purely original elements. The old bridge over the [[Gomti River]] in Jaunpur dates from 1564, the era of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Emperor Akbar]]. The Jaunpur Qila, a fortress from the [[Tughlaq]] era, also remains in good form.

Jaunpur district was annexed into [[British India]] based on the Permanent settlement of 1779, and thus was subject to the [[Zamindar]]i system of land revenue collection.

During the [[Revolt of 1857]] the [[Sikh]] troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually reconquered for the British by [[Gurkha]] troops from [[Nepal]]. Jaunpur then became a district administrative center.

===Present state===
Jaunpur is the district headquarters. The district has 2 [[Lok Sabha]] and 9 [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies.

==Geography==
===Rivers===
[[Gomti River|Gomti]], Sai, Varuna, Pili, and Basuhi are the five [[river]]s which make its land fertile.<ref>Cf. "Jaunpur" article in 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HlQEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA282&lpg=PA282&dq=pili+river+jaunpur&source=bl&ots=eqtS68Pw3-&sig=dWkYsskAAcLUQnqkRXy6pEGheNA&hl=en&ei=hXt1Te2mAoXcgQem9e23BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=pili%20river%20jaunpur&f=false p.282].</ref>

== Demographics ==
As per [[2011 Indian Census]], Jaunpur NPP had population of 180,362 of which male and female were 93,718 and 86,644 respectively, that is a sex ratio of 1024 females per 1000 males. Child population in the age range of 0–6 years was 22,710. The total number of literates in Jaunpur was 128,050, which constituted 71% of the population with male literacy of 75.2% and female literacy of 66.5%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jaunpur was 81.2%, of which male literacy rate was 86.1% and female literacy rate was 75.9%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 12,703 and 195 respectively. There were 26216 households as of 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Jaunpur (NPP) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=229409 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref>

==Economy==
GSG, GS Green Enterpriese Katehari- Leduka Jaunpur was established in March 2017 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 10 acres of land, under growth center scheme of Govt. of India. [[Hawkins Cookers Limited]] company has one of the three manufacturing plants in India at Jaunpur to manufacture pressure cookers and cookware.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}

Satharia Industrial Development Authority was established in November 1989 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 508 acres of land, under a growth center scheme of Govt. of India.

Virtually all kind of industrial, commercial and social infrastructural facilities, such as Medical, Educational, Residential, Roads, Transportation, drainage, Telecommunication, dedicated industrial power 33/11 KV supply, post office, bank, water supply, community center, shopping center, field hostel etc., have been fully established and are operative.<ref>{{cite web|title=About SIDA|url=http://sidajaunpur.com/about.htm|website=sidajaunpur.com|access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref>

Under One District, One Product (ODOP) Scheme 2018 of the UP Govt., perfume and carpet industry have been selected for Jaunpur district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/~/perfume-industry-of-jaunpur-bottomed-out-will-rise-again-rita-bahuguna/States/news/1185555.html|title=Perfume industry of Jaunpur bottomed out, will rise again: Rita Bahuguna|date=1 April 2018|website=United News of India|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref>

==Landmarks==
[[File:Jaunpurbridge closeup.jpg|thumb|Shahi Bridge]]
{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = BadiMasjid.jpg
| width1 = 210
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Jaunpur Jama Masjid
| image2 = Jaunpur Atala Masjid.jpg
| width2 = 200
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Jaunpur [[Atala Masjid]]
| footer =
}}

There are a number of tourist attractions in Jaunpur including monuments, and holy places.

===Monuments===
* [[Shahi Bridge, Jaunpur|Shahi Bridge]]
* [[Shahi Qila, Jaunpur|Shahi Quila Jaunpur Fort]]

===Religious sites===
* [[Atala Masjid, Jaunpur]]
* [[Jama Masjid, Jaunpur]]
* [[Lal Darwaza Masjid, Jaunpur]]
* [[Sheetala Chaukia Dham Mandir Jaunpur]]

==Transportation==
===Rail===
Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks to [[Indian Railways]]. It has four major railway stations: [[Jaunpur City Railway Station]](JOP) and {{rws|Jaunpur Junction}} (JNU), Shahganj Junction (SHG), Janghai Junction, [[Kirakat railway station|Kerakat railway station]] (KCT). Zafarabad (ZBD) also a railway station where's many train routes are diverted i.e. Allahababd, Varanasi, Lucknow Via Sultanpur, Lucknow via Shahganj, Ghazipur via Jaunpur junction.

===Road===
Jaunpur is well-connected to [[Lucknow]], [[Gorakhpur]], [[Varanasi]], [[Allahabad]] and other cities like [[Azamgarh]], [[Mirzapur]], Janghai, [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]], [[Kerakat]], [[Ghazipur]] etc. Mariahu NH-56, SH-36 are the roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur.

Jaunpur to Babatpur NH-56 is now 4-lane highway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/Qps1s1zMhRM1FoLHzsSz7O/In-the-poll-year-all-roads-in-eastern-Uttar-Pradesh-lead-to.html|title=In the poll year, all roads in eastern Uttar Pradesh lead to Varanasi|last=Sood|first=Jyotika|date=6 November 2018|website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|language=en|access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref>

===Air===
The nearest airport is [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport]] in [[Varanasi]], which is roughly 39 km from the city. The other nearest airport to Jaunpur is in [[Prayagraj]] which is roughly 142Km away.

==Education==
===University===
[[Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University]], formerly Purvanchal University, is in Jaunpur. It was established in 1987 as a residential-cum-affiliating university and is named after [[Vir Bahadur Singh]], former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.

=== Notable institutes===
* [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]], 21 km south from the district headquarters on Lumbini - Duddhi Road in Katghara Village near Mariahu [[Tehsil]].

==Local media==
Mostly all major English, Hindi and Urdu dailies including [[The Times of India|Times of India]], Hindustan Times, The Hindu, [[Dainik Jagran]], [[Amar Ujala]], Hindustan, Rashtreey Sahara, Inquilab, [[:ur:حوصلہ نیوز|Hausla News]] available in Jaunpur. Hindi and Urdu dailies also have their bureaus in the city. Almost all major Hindi TV news channel have stringers in the city.a Hindi newspaper Tarunmitra is also published from Jaunpur.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

==Notable people==

* [[Ashish Dixit]]
* [[Ashok Bhushan]]
* [[Banarasidas]]
* [[Harivansh Singh]]
* [[Hasan Abidi]]
* [[Indu Prakash Singh]]
* [[Lalji Singh]]
* [[Mohammad Akram Nadwi]]
* [[Muhammad Jaunpuri]]
* [[Parasnath Yadava]]
* [[Rajesh Vivek]]
* [[Ravi Kishan]]
* [[Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay]]
* [[Syed Wazir Hasan]]
* [[Tribhuvan Ram]]
* [[Yadavendra Dutt Dubey]]
* [[Imtiyaz Shirazi Nadwi]]
* [[Shakeel Ahmed Samdani]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Jaunpur}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Jaunpur}}
{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Jaunpur |short=x}}

{{Jaunpur district}}
{{Varanasi division topics}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Jaunpur district]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]

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Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh