Gurgaon district

2021-06-30T18:03:48Z

2409:4050:EBA:9BA2:4232:3C6A:7ED4:FB2A: /* Demographics */

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gurgaon district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Haryana|District of Haryana]]
| official_name = Gurugram district
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = India - Haryana - Gurugram.svg
| map_caption = Location of Gurgaon district in Haryana
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Gurgaon
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = Gurgaon
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Gurgaon]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 1. Gurgaon, 2. Sohna, 3. Pataudi, 4. Farukh Nagar 5. Manesar 6. Wazirabad 7. Badshahpur 8. Kadipur 9. Garhi Harsaru
| area_total_km2 = 1258
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,514,432
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 84.4%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 853
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics2_title1 = Official
| demographics2_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics2_title2 =
| demographics2_info2 =

| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Indian road network|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = NH 48, NH 148A, NH 248A, NH 919, SH 15A, SH 26, MDR 132, MDR 133, MDR 136, MDR 137
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Gurgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = 1. Pataudi, 2. Badshahpur, 3. Gurgaon and 4. Sohna
| website = http://gurugram.gov.in/
}}
'''Gurgaon district''', officially known as '''Gurugram district''',<ref name=Hindu1>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gurgaon-renamed-as-gurugram/article8467206.ece|title=Gurgaon will now be called Gurugram|first=Ashok|last=Kumar|date=12 April 2016|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> is one of the 22 [[districts of Haryana]] in northern India. The city of [[Gurgaon]] is the administrative headquarters of the district. The population is 1,514,432. It is one of the southern districts of Haryana. On its north, it is bounded by the district of [[Jhajjar district|Jhajjar]] and the [[Union Territory of Delhi]]. [[Faridabad district]] lies to its east. On its south, lie the districts of [[Palwal]] and [[Nuh (city)|Nuh]]. To its west lies [[Rewari district]].

== History ==
According to [[Mahabharata]] (900 BCE), the area was granted by the eldest [[Pandava]] king [[Yudhishthira]] to their teacher [[Dronacharya]]. Later is passed in the hands of [[Maurya empire]] to invaders like [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] and [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]], and [[Yaudheya]] after they expelled Kushanas from the area between [[Yamuna]] and [[Satluj]]. Yodheyas was subjugated by king [[Rudradaman I]] of [[Indo-Scythians]] and later by [[Gupta Empire]] and then by [[Hunas]], who were overthrown by [[Yashodharman]] of [[Mandsaur]] and then by [[Yashovarman]] of [[Kannauj]]. Area was also ruled by [[Harsha]] (590 - 467 CE), [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] (mid 7th century CE to 11th century). [[Tomara dynasty]], who founded Dhillika in 736 CE, were earlier tributaries of Partiharas, overthrew Partiharas. Tomaras were defeated by who were in turn were overthrown in 1156 CE by king ''Visaladeva Chauhan'' of [[Chauhan#Dynasties|Chauhan Dynasty]]. After the defeat of [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] conquered the area of Gurgaon, Nuh, Bhiwani and Rewari in 1182 CE. After the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192 CE, the area came under [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]] (1206 CE) of [[Delhi Sultanate]] who defeated and killed Prithviraj's son Hemraj who had invaded Mewat are from Alwar. [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meo]] who were all Hindus during those times, killed ''Sayyid Wajih-ud-din'' who was sent to subjugate Meos, but they were later suppressed by nephew of Aibak called ''Miran Hussain Jang'' and those Meo who remained Hindus were forced to pay Islamic religious tax [[Jizya]] and others were forced to convert to Islam. In 1249 CE, [[Balban]] killed 2000 rebellious Meos. Meo rebels took away large number of camels of Balban's army in 1257-58 CE. In 1260 CE, Balban retaliated by overrunning the area and killing 250 Meo prisoners and slaughtered 12,000 women, children and surviving men. At the time of invasion of [[Timur]] in 1398 CE, ''Sambar Pal'', titled ''Bahadur Nahar'', of Hindu Jadu [[gotra|clan]] was the prominent king of the area who constructed the fort called ''Kotla Bahadur Nahar'' near [[Kotla lake]] at [[Kotla, Nuh|Kotla]] village of Nuh. ''Sambar Pal'' was converted to Islam with new name [[Raja Nahar Khan]] and became founder of [[Khanzada Rajputs]] after submitting to Timur. In 1421 CE, [[Sayyid dynasty]] king of Delhi, [[Khizr Khan]] defeated Bahadur Nahar's converted son ''Jalal Khan'' of Mewat and kotla fort. When in 1425, converted grandsons of Bahadur Nahar named Jalal Khan and Abdul Qadir (Jallu and Qaddu) revolted, they were defeated by Delhi Sultan [[Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Mubarak Shah]] ( 1421– 1434 CE) who overran Mewat and killed Qaddu. Jallu continued the native Mewati rebellion against the Delhi sultanate. In 1527, [[Hasan Khan Mewati]], a descendant of ''Sambar Pal'', sided with Rajput king [[Rana Sanga]] and they were defeated by [[Babur]] at [[Battle of Khanwa]] where ''Hassan Khan Mewati'' was killed by Mughals and his son ''Naher Khan II'' ruled Mewat as a vassal of Mughals. [[Aurangzeb]] sent [[Jai Singh I]] to crush the revolting Khanzada Mewati chief ''Ikram Khan''. After the death of Aurangzeb, [[Bahadurgarh]] and [[Farrukhnagar]] in the north were under the Baloch nawabs who were granted [[jagir]] in 1713 CE by Mughal king [[Farrukhsiyar]], central area of ''Badshapur'' was under Hindu Badgujar Rajput king ''Hathi Singh'' and south including Nuh were under the great [[Jat people|Jat]] king of [[Bharatpur State]], [[Suraj Mal|Maharaja Suraj Mal]]. During [[Maratha Empire]] the area was conquered by their French generals in late 18th century and they granted Farukhnagar to [[George Thomas (soldier)|George Thomas]] and Jharsa (Badshahpur) to [[Begum Sumro]] and south area including Nuh stayed under the Bharatpur king and their vassal relatives, one of whom was [[Nahar Singh]].<ref name=revh1>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Gurgaon_1983/Chapter_I.pdf Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1983] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319114602/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Gurgaon_1983/Chapter_I.pdf |date=19 March 2015 }}, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in Haryana Revenue Department], Chapter II, pp.35-45.</ref><ref name=revh2>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gurgaon_1910/History.pdf Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1910"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009000200/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gurgaon_1910/History.pdf |date=9 October 2016 }}, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in Haryana Revenue Department], Section B, pp.19-24.</ref><ref name=revh3>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Gurgaon_1883_84/History.pdf Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1883-84"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428025541/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Gurgaon_1883_84/History.pdf |date=28 April 2015 }}, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in Haryana Revenue Department], Chapter II, pp.19-25.</ref>

==Geography==
This district contains many small hill ranges which are part of the [[Aravalli Range|Aravali]] and [[Mangar Bani]] ranges.

==Sub-Divisions==
The Gurgaon district is headed by an IAS officer of the rank of [[District Magistrate|Deputy Commissioner]] (DC) who is the chief executive officer of the district. The district is divided into 4 sub-divisions, each headed by a [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate]] (SDM): [[Gurgaon]], [[Sohna]], [[Pataudi]] and [[Badshahpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=District Gurugram - Administrative Setup|url=https://gurugram.gov.in/about-district/administrative-setup/|website=gurugram.gov.in|access-date=23 February 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Revenue tehsils===
The above 4 sub-divisions are divided into 5 revenue [[tehsil]]s, namely, Gurgaon, Sohna, Pataudi, [[Farrukhnagar]] & [[Manesar]] and 4 revenue sub-tehsils namely [[Wazirabad, Gurgaon|Wazirabad]], Badshahpur, Kadipur and [[Garhi Harsaru]]. Gurgaon district also comprises 4 [[Community Development Block|Rural development blocks]] - Gurgaon, Sohna, Pataudi and Farrukhnagar.

==Assembly constituencies==
There are 4 [[Haryana Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies located in this district: [[Gurgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gurgaon]], [[Sohna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sohna]], [[Pataudi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pataudi]] and [[Badshahpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Badshahpur]].<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|url=http://ceoharyana.nic.in/pdf/AC%20Distwise.pdf|title=District Wise Assembly Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Haryana website|access-date=28 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163531/http://ceoharyana.nic.in/pdf/AC%20Distwise.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> All 4 of these are part of [[Gurgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="eci1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=157}}</ref>

==Industries==
A large number of industries and offices have been established in Gurgaon city, Manesar and Sohna Road.
[[Cyber City, Gurgaon|Cyber City]] on NH8 is a popular location where most Multi National Companies (MNC) have taken large office spaces. All [[Special Economic Zone]]s (SEZ)s in Haryana state are in Gurgaon, except [[Sonipat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sezindia.nic.in/hi/error.php|title=एस ई जेड: भारत में विशेष आर्थिक क्षेत्र|website=sezindia.nic.in}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Gurgaon district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community - 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW06C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 93
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 4.7
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 1.0
|color3 = Yellow
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = .7
|color4 = grey
|label5 = Others
|value5 = 0.6
|color5 = Black
}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Gurgaon district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,514,432,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Gabon]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = gujjars have many villages in gurgaon. Gabon 1,576,665
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote =Hawaii 1,360,301
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 328th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 1241 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 73.93%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Gurgaon has a [[sex ratio]] of 853 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 84.4%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 91.91% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]], 2.35% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], 2.20% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 0.49% [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and 0.40% [[Odia language|Odia]] as their first language.<ref>{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Haryana |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0600.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>

Gurgaon is a [[Yadav]] (also use title Rao) and [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meo]] dominated district.<ref>{{cite news |title=CONSTITUENCY-WISE ANAlYSIS |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/chandigarh/constituency-wise-analysis.html |access-date=6 February 2020 |work=www.dailypioneer.com |date=9 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/ahirwal-belt-is-represented-well-in-khattar-ministry_1489879.html|title=Ahirwal belt is represented well in Khattar ministry|date=26 October 2014|website=Zee News|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref>

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,82,978|13=1911|14=1,59,558|15=1921|16=1,48,627|17=1931|18=1,62,464|19=1941|20=1,86,775|21=1951|22=2,01,727|23=1961|24=2,59,655|25=1971|26=3,48,151|27=1981|28=4,71,695|29=1991|30=6,06,791|31=2001|32=8,74,695|33=2011|34=15,14,432|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>|align=middle}}

==See also==
*[[Patherheri]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [https://gurugram.gov.in/ Official Web Site of District Gurgaon, Haryana]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110513101157/http://weather.weatherbug.com/India/Gurgaon-weather/local-observations.html Gurgaon Weather & interactive Map]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080513065355/http://www.haryana-online.com/History/history_1803-1857.htm History of Haryana]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180926174330/http://gurgaon.gov.in/ Government of Haryana]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101025143746/http://gurgaon.com/ Gurgaon Citizen Forum]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Gurgaon district
|North = [[South West Delhi district]], [[Delhi|NCT]]
|Northeast = [[South Delhi district]], [[Delhi|NCT]]
|East = [[Faridabad district]]
|Southeast = [[Palwal district]]
|South = [[Nuh district]]
|Southwest = [[Rewari district]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[Jhajjar district]]
}}

{{Districts of Haryana}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{Hindu temples in Haryana}}
{{Gurgaon district topics}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|28|15|N|77|10|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gurgaon District}}
[[Category:Gurgaon district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Haryana]]

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Gurgaon district