Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

2021-12-06T11:11:27Z

2409:4050:2E90:CFA0:0:0:740A:6F09:

{{short description|Sixth President of the Republic of India}}
{{good article}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
| image = File:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.jpg
| caption = President N. Sanjiva Reddy
| image_size =
| order = 6th
| office = President of India
| primeminister = [[Morarji Desai]] [[Charan Singh]] [[Indira Gandhi]]
| vicepresident = B. D. Jatti [[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]
| term_start = 25 July 1977
| term_end = 25 July 1982
| predecessor = [[B. D. Jatti]] (acting)
| successor = [[Zail Singh]]
| order2 = 4th
| office2 = Speaker of the Lok Sabha
| term_start2 = 17 March 1967
| term_end2 = 19 July 1969
| deputy2 = [[R.K. Khadilkar]]
| predecessor2 = [[Sardar Hukum Singh]]
| successor2 = [[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]]
| term_start3 = 26 March 1977
| term_end3 = 13 July 1977
| deputy3 = [[Godey Murahari]]
| predecessor3 = [[Bali Ram Bhagat]]
| successor3 = [[K. S. Hegde]]
| office4 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri ministry|Minister of Steel and Mines]]
| primeminister4 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| term_start4 = 9 June 1964
| term_end4 = 11 January 1966
| order5 = 1st
| office5 = Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
| governor5 = [[Bhim Sen Sachar]] [[Satyawant Mallannah Shrinagesh]]
| term_start5 = 12 March 1962
| term_end5 = 20 February 1964
| predecessor5 = [[Damodaram Sanjivayya]]
| successor5 = [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]
| governor6 = [[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]] [[Bhim Sen Sachar]]
| term_start6 = 1 November 1956
| term_end6 = 11 January 1960
| predecessor6 = ''Office Established''
| successor6 = [[Damodaram Sanjivayya]]
| office7 = [[List of presidents of the Indian National Congress|President of Indian National Congress]]
| term_start7 = 1960
| term_end7 = 1963
| predecessor7 = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| successor7 = [[K. Kamaraj]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1913|5|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Anantapur district|Illur]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1996|6|1|1913|5|13|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| spouse = Neelam Nagaratnamma
| party = [[Janata Party]] (since 1977)
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]] (before 1977)
| alma_mater = [[University of Madras]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
}}
'''Neelam Sanjiva Reddy''' {{audio|Nsr.ogg|pronunciation}} (19 May 1913 – 1 June 1996) was an Indian politician who served as the sixth [[president of India]], serving from 1977 to 1982. Beginning a long political career with the [[Indian National Congress Party]] in the [[Indian independence movement|independence movement]], he went on to hold several key offices in [[independent India]]—as the first [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]], a two-time [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] and a Union Minister—before becoming the youngest-ever Indian president.<ref>{{cite web|title=Speech by the President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee at the concluding function of the centenary celebrations of the former President of India, Dr.Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102099|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|access-date=4 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504105343/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102099|archive-date=4 May 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Born in present-day [[Anantapur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], Reddy completed his schooling at [[Adyar, Chennai|Adayar]] and joined the Government Arts College at Anantapur. He quit to become an [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence activist]] and was jailed for participating in the [[Quit India Movement]]. He was elected to the [[Madras Legislative Assembly]] in 1946 as a [[Indian National Congress|Congress party representative]]. Reddy became the deputy chief minister of [[Andhra State]] in 1953 and the first [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] in 1956. He was a union cabinet minister under Prime Ministers [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] and [[Indira Gandhi]] from 1964 to 1967 and [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Speaker]] from 1967 to 1969. He later retired from active politics but returned in 1975, responding to [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]'s call for "[[Total Revolution]]" against the Indira Gandhi Government.

Elected to Parliament in 1977 as a candidate of the [[Janata Party]], Reddy was unanimously elected Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha and three months later was elected unopposed as President of India. As president, Reddy worked with Prime Ministers [[Morarji Desai]], [[Charan Singh]] and Indira Gandhi. Reddy was succeeded by [[Giani Zail Singh]] in 1982 and he retired to his farm in Anantapur. He died in 1996 and his ''[[samadhi]]'' is at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore. In 2013, the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] commemorated Reddy's birth centenary.

== Education and family ==
Reddy was born into a [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking Hindu family in Illur village, [[Madras Presidency]] (present-day [[Anantapur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]) on 19 May 1913.<ref name="Shankar2007">{{cite book|author=Kalyani Shankar|title=India & the United States: Politics of the Sixties|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I5eOFg_rgh8C&pg=PA150|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Macmillan India|isbn=978-0-230-63375-9|pages=150–}}</ref><ref name="Former Speakers – N Sanjiva Reddy">{{cite web|title=Former Speakers – N Sanjiva Reddy|url=http://speakerloksabha.nic.in/former/Nsanjivareddy.asp|publisher=The Office of the Speaker, Lok Sabha|access-date=20 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508154435/http://speakerloksabha.nic.in/former/Nsanjivareddy.asp|archive-date=8 May 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Illur gets set for Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy fete|url=http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130601/news-politics/article/illur-gets-set-neelam-sanjeeva-reddy-fete|access-date=4 May 2014|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=1 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504104523/http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130601/news-politics/article/illur-gets-set-neelam-sanjeeva-reddy-fete|archive-date=4 May 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He studied at the [[Theosophical Society Adyar|Theosophical High School]] at [[Adyar, Chennai|Adayar]] in [[Madras]] and later enrolled at the Government Arts College at Anantapur, an affiliate of the [[University of Madras]], as an [[undergraduate]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Take a bow to the 'grand old lady'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/take-a-bow-to-the-grand-old-lady/article1157564.ece|access-date=19 November 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=5 February 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129055603/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/take-a-bow-to-the-grand-old-lady/article1157564.ece|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1958, [[Sri Venkateswara University]], [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]] bestowed the degree of [[Doctor of Laws|Honorary Doctor of Laws]] on him because of his role in its founding.<ref>{{cite news|title=SVU for Sanjeeva Reddy's statue in Parliament|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/svu-for-sanjeeva-reddys-statue-in-parliament/article4731704.ece|access-date=19 November 2014|work=The Hindu|date=20 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129055606/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/svu-for-sanjeeva-reddys-statue-in-parliament/article4731704.ece|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=About SVU Alumni Association|url=http://www.svuniversityalumni.in/aboutus.html|publisher=Sri Venkateswara University Alumni Association|access-date=19 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129065619/http://www.svuniversityalumni.in/aboutus.html|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Reddy was married to Neelam Nagaratnamma. The couple had one son and three daughters.<ref>{{cite news|title=Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy's wife passes away|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/andhra-pradesh/article79202.ece|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204071427/http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/andhra-pradesh/article79202.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2013|access-date=11 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 January 2010}}</ref>

== Role in the Indian independence movement ==
Reddy joined the [[Indian struggle for independence]] from the [[British Raj]] following [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s visit to Anantapur in July 1929 and dropped out of college in 1931. He was closely associated with the Youth League and participated in a student [[satyagraha]]. In 1938, Reddy was elected Secretary of the [[Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee|Andhra Pradesh Provincial Congress Committee]], an office he held for ten years. During the [[Quit India Movement]], he was imprisoned and was mostly in jail between 1940 and 1945. Released in March 1942, he was arrested again in August and sent to the [[Amraoti]] jail where he served time with activists [[T. Prakasam|T Prakasam]], [[S. Satyamurti]], [[K Kamaraj]] and [[V V Giri]] till 1945.<ref name="Scharada2009">{{cite book|author=Dubey, Scharada|title=First among equals President of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToBFJZiRsxMC&pg=PA61|year=2009|publisher=Westland|isbn=978-81-89975-53-1|pages=61–}}</ref><ref name="Chander2003">{{cite book|author=Prakash Chander|title=India: Past and Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_Rl5c_v1-kC&pg=PA283|date=1 January 2003|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-455-8|pages=283–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826025829/https://books.google.com/books?id=4_Rl5c_v1-kC&pg=PA283|archive-date=26 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Political career==
[[1946 Madras legislative assembly election|Elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly]] in 1946 as a Congress representative, Reddy became secretary of the Congress' legislature party.<ref name="Past Presidents - N. Sanjiva Reddy">{{cite web|title=Past Presidents – N. Sanjiva Reddy|url=http://111.118.178.233/~aiccnew/index.php/past_presidents/address/48#.VF-5UjSUfMA|publisher=Indian National Congress|access-date=9 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129014019/http://111.118.178.233/~aiccnew/index.php/past_presidents/address/48#.VF-5UjSUfMA|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He was also a Member of the [[Indian Constituent Assembly]] from Madras.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY (AS IN NOVEMBER, 1949)|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/members.htm#MADRAS|publisher=Parliament of India|access-date=22 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609085204/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/members.htm#MADRAS|archive-date=9 June 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contribution of K. Subba Rao, Sanjeeva Reddy recalled|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/contribution-of-k-subba-rao-sanjeeva-reddy-recalled/article1128590.ece?textsize=large&test=1|access-date=11 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 January 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109024424/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/contribution-of-k-subba-rao-sanjeeva-reddy-recalled/article1128590.ece?textsize=large&test=1|archive-date=9 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> From April 1949 to April 1951, he was the Minister for Prohibition, Housing and Forests of the [[Madras State]].<ref name="speakerloksabha">{{cite web|title=Former Speakers – N Sanjiva Reddy|url=http://speakerloksabha.nic.in/former/Nsanjivareddy.asp|access-date=11 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508154435/http://speakerloksabha.nic.in/former/Nsanjivareddy.asp|archive-date=8 May 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Reddy lost the 1951 election to the [[Madras Legislative Assembly]] to the [[Communist Party of India|Communist]] leader [[T. Nagi Reddy|Tarimela Nagi Reddy]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Tarimela Nagi Reddy remembered|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/tarimela-nagi-reddy-remembered/article5020662.ece|access-date=22 November 2014|work=The Hindu|date=14 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129183353/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/tarimela-nagi-reddy-remembered/article5020662.ece|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (1956–60, 1962–64) ===
In 1951, in a closely contested election, he was elected President of the [[Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee]] defeating [[N G Ranga]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The saga of Third Front|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-saga-of-third-front/article3198228.ece|access-date=22 November 2014|work=The Hindu|date=19 August 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129183400/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-saga-of-third-front/article3198228.ece|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="REDDY, DR. NEELAM SANJIVA">{{cite web|title=REDDY, DR. NEELAM SANJIVA|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/r.pdf|publisher=Rajya Sabha, Parliament of India|access-date=21 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031073313/http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/r.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> When the [[Andhra State]] was formed in 1953, T. Prakasam became its Chief Minister and Reddy became the [[Deputy Chief Minister|deputy]].<ref>{{cite news|title=… just as it hosted the first Assembly session in 1954|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/just-as-it-hosted-the-first-assembly-session-in-1954/article6099916.ece|access-date=22 November 2014|work=The Hindu|date=10 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129183403/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/just-as-it-hosted-the-first-assembly-session-in-1954/article6099916.ece|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> After the later formation of the [[Andhra Pradesh]] state by incorporating [[Telangana]] with the Andhra State, Reddy became its first Chief Minister<ref>{{cite news|title=First linguistic State gets split|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/first-linguistic-state-gets-split/article6073411.ece|access-date=22 November 2014|work=The Hindu|date=2 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129181757/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/first-linguistic-state-gets-split/article6073411.ece|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> from 1 November 1956 to 11 January 1960.<ref>{{cite news|title=Seemandhra leaders set to dominate Andhra Pradesh now|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140416/nation-politics/article/seemandhra-leaders-set-dominate-andhra-pradesh-now|access-date=22 November 2014|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|date=16 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129062602/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140416/nation-politics/article/seemandhra-leaders-set-dominate-andhra-pradesh-now|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He was Chief Minister for a second time from 12 March 1962 to 20 February 1964, thus holding that office for over five years.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kiran beats PV, Rosaiah, Anjaiah in tenure|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/andhra-pradesh/kiran-beats-pv-rosaiah-anjaiah-in-tenure/article4132949.ece|access-date=11 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 November 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130014025/http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/andhra-pradesh/kiran-beats-pv-rosaiah-anjaiah-in-tenure/article4132949.ece|archive-date=30 November 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Reddy was [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] from [[Sri Kalahasti]] and [[Dhone (Assembly constituency)|Dhone]] respectively during his stints as Chief Minister.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chittoor district erupts with joy|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/chittoor-district-erupts-with-joy/article914099.ece|access-date=19 November 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=26 November 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129055610/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/chittoor-district-erupts-with-joy/article914099.ece|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kotla Jaya Surya Prakash Reddy|url=http://jayasuryaprakashreddy.indianmp.co.in/Constituency.html|access-date=20 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704111240/http://jayasuryaprakashreddy.indianmp.co.in/Constituency.html|archive-date=4 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1962 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ANDHRA PRADESH|year=1962|publisher=Election Commission of India|page=200|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1962/StatRep_AP_1962.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015237/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1962/StatRep_AP_1962.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[Nagarjuna Sagar Dam|Nagarjuna Sagar]] and [[Srisailam Dam|Srisailam]] multipurpose river valley projects were initiated during his tenure.<ref>{{cite news|title=Association of Sanjeeva Reddy with city recalled|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/association-of-sanjeeva-reddy-with-city-recalled/article4732134.ece|access-date=20 May 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=20 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831055430/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/association-of-sanjeeva-reddy-with-city-recalled/article4732134.ece|archive-date=31 August 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] later renamed the Srisailam project to Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar in his honour.<ref>{{cite news|title=Project's new appellation confined to files|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/23/stories/2005082318200500.htm|access-date=29 May 2013|date=23 August 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021134725/http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/23/stories/2005082318200500.htm|archive-date=21 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The Congress governments under Reddy placed emphasis on [[rural development]], agriculture and allied sectors.<ref name="Sen2013">{{cite book|author=Kunal Sen|title=State-Business Relations and Economic Development in Africa and India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fGKoowxn9nQC&pg=PA200|date=7 May 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-12907-1|pages=200–}}</ref> The shift towards industrialisation remained limited and was largely driven by the [[Central government of India|central government's]] investments in large [[public sector enterprise]]s in the state.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alivelu|first=G|title=State Business Relations and Performance of Manufacturing Sector in Andhra Pradesh – A Case Study|year=2009|url=http://www.ippg.org.uk/papers/dp31a.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020230234/http://www.ippg.org.uk/papers/dp31a.pdf|archive-date=20 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Reddy's first term as Chief Minister ended in 1960 after he resigned on being elected [[President of the Indian National Congress]]. In 1964, he resigned voluntarily following unfavourable observations made against the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] by the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] in the Bus Routes Nationalisation case.{{efn|In ''C. S. Rowjee And Others vs [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]]'' (APSRTC), the petitioners accused the APSRTC of having acted [[Mala fides|mala fide]] under the orders of the Chief Minister, Sanjiva Reddy, in ordering the nationalisation of bus routes in the [[Kurnool district]] of Andhra Pradesh. In its verdict, the Supreme Court observed "that [it was] to give effect to the wishes of the Chief Minister expressed [...] that the impugned schemes were formulated by the Corporation and therefore, it would be vitiated by malafides notwithstanding the interposition of the semi-autonomous corporation."<ref name="Supreme Court of India">{{cite web|title=C. S. Rowjee And Others vs Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, 1964 AIR 962, 1964 SCR (6) 330|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1863863/|website=Indiankanoon|publisher=Supreme Court of India|access-date=26 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015013130/http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1863863/|archive-date=15 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Supreme Court also observed that the allegations [of "bias and personal ill-will against the appellants"] were neither denied by the Chief Minister nor were [[affidavit]]s stating the Government's position filed in the [[High Court of Andhra Pradesh|High Court]]. Further the Supreme Court observed that the counter-affidavits, while denying that the APSRTC was acting at the behest of the Chief Minister, failed to explain the choice of Kurnool district for nationalisation of the routes.<ref name="Supreme Court of India"/> In effect this was a condemnation of Reddy's role.}}<ref name="Former Speakers – N Sanjiva Reddy"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Sanjiva Reddi to resign|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/this-day-that-age-dated-january-30-1964/article5632833.ece|access-date=12 March 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=30 January 1964|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312212826/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/this-day-that-age-dated-january-30-1964/article5632833.ece|archive-date=12 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Congress President (1960–62) and Union Minister (1964–67) ===
Reddy served thrice as President of the Indian National Congress at its [[Bangalore]], [[Bhavnagar]] and [[Patna]] sessions during 1960 to 1962.<ref name="Past Presidents - N. Sanjiva Reddy"/> At the Congress session at Goa in 1962, Reddy's speech stating India's determination to end the [[India-China War|Chinese occupation of Indian territory]] and the irrevocable nature of the [[liberation of Goa]] was enthusiastically received by attendees.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indians want Chinese out|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6SxAAAAAIBAJ&pg=3508,831529&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=Youngstown Vindicator|date=4 January 1962}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Invaders warned by India|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1I4jAAAAIBAJ&pg=2881,480855&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=The Gazette|location=Montreal|date=5 January 1962}}</ref> He was thrice member of the Rajya Sabha.<ref name="REDDY, DR. NEELAM SANJIVA"/> From June 1964, Reddy was [[Ministry of Steel (India)|Union Minister of Steel and Mines]] in the [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] government. He also served as [[Ministry of Surface Transport (India)|Union Minister of Transport]], [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Civil Aviation]], [[Ministry of Shipping (India)|Shipping]] and [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Tourism]] from January 1966 to March 1967 in Indira Gandhi's Cabinet.<ref name="speakerloksabha" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Chander|first=Prakash|title=India: Past and Present|date=2003|publisher=A P H Publishing|location=New Delhi|page=285|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_Rl5c_v1-kC&q=illur+anantapur&pg=PA283|isbn=9788176484558}}</ref>

=== Speaker of the Lok Sabha (1967–69) ===
In the general elections of 1967, Reddy was elected to the Lok Sabha from [[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupur]] in Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite book|title=Statistical Report on General Elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha|date=1968|publisher=Election Commission of India|page=109|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|access-date=20 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 17 March 1967, Reddy was elected Speaker of the Fourth Lok Sabha becoming only the third person to be elected Speaker of the house during their inaugural term.<ref>{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions on Lok Sabha (As on 21.12.2009)|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Others/FAQ.htm|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat|access-date=5 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622045038/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Others/FAQ.htm|archive-date=22 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> To emphasize the independence of the Speaker's office, Reddy resigned from the Congress Party.<ref name="Rahman2007">{{cite book|author=Taiabur Rahman|title=Parliamentary Control and Government Accountability in South Asia: A Comparative Analysis of Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fbx8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA139|date=12 September 2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-13647-6|pages=139–}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Meira vows to be neutral, but mum on quitting Cong|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/meira-vows-to-be-neutral-but-mum-on-quitting-cong/470593/|access-date=27 November 2014|publisher=The Indian Express|date=3 June 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109024424/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/meira-vows-to-be-neutral-but-mum-on-quitting-cong/470593/|archive-date=9 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> His term as Speaker was marked by several firsts including the admission of a [[No confidence motion|No-Confidence Motion]] on the same day as the President's address to a joint session of Parliament,<ref name="speakerloksabha" /> the handing down of a sentence of imprisonment for [[Contempt of the house]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Sanjeeva Reddy was a role model, says President Pranab Mukherjee|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sanjeeva-reddy-was-a-role-model-says-president/1/332532.html|access-date=4 May 2014|newspaper=India Today|date=23 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504104030/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sanjeeva-reddy-was-a-role-model-says-president/1/332532.html|archive-date=4 May 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and the setting up of the Committee on the Welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.<ref name="speakerloksabha" /> During his term as Speaker a defamation suit filed against him by an MP resulted in the Supreme Court's ruling that parliamentarians had complete freedom of speech in the House and that the courts had no say in such matters.{{efn|In ''Tej Kiran Jain And Others vs N. Sanjiva Reddy'', the Supreme Court ruled that what MPs say in Parliament "is only subject to the discipline of the rules of Parliament, the good sense of the members and the control of proceedings by the Speaker. The courts have no say in the matter and should really have none."<ref>{{cite web|title=Tej Kiran Jain And Others vs N. Sanjiva Reddy And Others, 1970 AIR 1573, 1971 SCR (1) 612|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/367125/|publisher=Supreme Court of India|access-date=27 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205104033/http://indiankanoon.org/doc/367125/|archive-date=5 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The case dealt with certain references made against the [[Shankaracharya of Puri]] during a Calling Attention Motion introduced in the House.}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Courts always recognised Parliament's supremacy|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/03/21/stories/2005032105851100.htm|access-date=27 November 2014|date=21 March 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205180030/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/03/21/stories/2005032105851100.htm|archive-date=5 December 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=PG Diploma in Media Laws – Chapter III Media and Other Estates|publisher=NALSAR|location=Hyderabad|page=109|url=http://www.nalsarpro.org/ML/Modules/Module%202/Chapter%203.pdf|access-date=22 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129042322/http://www.nalsarpro.org/ML/Modules/Module%202/Chapter%203.pdf|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Reddy described his role as being the 'watchman of the Parliament'.<ref>{{cite news|title=Don't try to outsmart each other, Chandre Gowda tells Chief Minister, Speaker|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article3544791.ece?textsize=small&test=2|access-date=11 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=19 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109024424/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article3544791.ece?textsize=small&test=2|archive-date=9 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He however had several hostile encounters with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in the House that proved costly when he became, two years later, the Congress Party's nominee to succeed Zakir Hussain as president.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jai|first=Janak Raj|title=Commissions and Omissions by Indian Presidents and Their Conflicts with the Prime Ministers under the Constitution Volume 2|year=2001|publisher=Regency Publications|location=New Delhi|page=8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2nCN4nSWjEC|isbn=9788187498483}}</ref>

=== Presidential election of 1969 ===
In 1969, following President [[Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]]'s death, the Congress party nominated Reddy, a member of its Syndicate faction, as candidate for president although Prime Minister Indira Gandhi opposed him.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Malhotra|first1=Inder|title=A populist move, a party chasm|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/a-populist-move-a-party-chasm/99/|access-date=26 November 2014|publisher=Indian Express|date=23 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129223801/http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/a-populist-move-a-party-chasm/99/|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> She was forced to accept Reddy as the Congress party's official candidate and feared his election would allow the Syndicate to expel her from office.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The untold story of Indira Gandhi- Extract from ndira Gandhi: A Biography by Pupul Jayakar|journal=India Today|date=15 December 1992|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/exclusive-pre-publication-extracts-of-the-book---indira-gandhi-a-biography-by-pupul-jayakar/1/307858.html|access-date=26 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109024424/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/exclusive-pre-publication-extracts-of-the-book---indira-gandhi-a-biography-by-pupul-jayakar/1/307858.html|archive-date=9 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> She asked Congress legislators to "vote according to their conscience" rather than blindly toe the Party line, in effect giving a call to support the independent candidate V V Giri.<ref name="Guha2011">{{cite book|author=Ramachandra Guha|title=India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FKepYC6wzwC&pg=PA438|date=10 February 2011|publisher=Pan Macmillan|isbn=978-0-330-54020-9|pages=438–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026061646/https://books.google.com/books?id=8FKepYC6wzwC&pg=PA438|archive-date=26 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In a closely fought election held on 16 August 1969, V V Giri emerged victorious, winning 48.01 per cent of the first preference votes and subsequently getting a majority on counting the second preference votes. In the final tally, Giri had {{formatnum:420077}} votes against the quota of {{formatnum:418169}} votes required to be elected president and Reddy had {{formatnum:405427}} votes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sanjiva Reddy only President elected unopposed|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3529044.ece|access-date=11 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=15 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725071738/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3529044.ece|archive-date=25 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Pylee2009">{{cite book|author=M V Pylee|title=An Introduction To The Constitution Of India, 5E|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zps_kbj-9nsC&pg=PA158|date=1 November 2009|publisher=Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-81-259-1832-5|pages=158–}}</ref> The election led to much discord within the Congress Party and culminated in the historic split of 1969 and the subsequent rise of Indira Gandhi in Indian politics.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jai|first=Janak Raj|title=Commissions and Omissions by Indian Presidents and Their Conflicts with the Prime Ministers under the Constitution Volume 2|year=2001|publisher=Regency Publications|location=New Delhi|pages=3, 4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2nCN4nSWjEC|isbn=9788187498483}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=It was one cracker of an election in '69|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/260929/F|access-date=5 May 2013|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=1 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129052928/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/260929/F|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Subsequently, Reddy, who had resigned as Speaker of the Lok Sabha to contest the election, retired from active politics and moved back to Anantapur where he took to farming.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jai|first=Janak Raj|title=Commissions and Omissions by Indian Presidents and Their Conflicts with the Prime Ministers under the Constitution Volume 2|year=2001|publisher=Regency Publications|location=New Delhi|page=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2nCN4nSWjEC|isbn=9788187498483}}</ref>

=== Return to active politics (1975–82) ===
In response to [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]'s call for a [[Bihar movement|Total Revolution]], Reddy emerged from his political exile in 1975. In January 1977, he was made a member of the Committee of the [[Janata Party]] and in March, he fought the [[General elections in India|General Election]] from the [[Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)]] in Andhra Pradesh as a Janata Party candidate. He was the only non-Congress candidate to be elected from Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jai|first=Janak Raj|title=Presidents of India: 1950–2003|year=2003|publisher=Regency Publications|location=New Delhi|page=137|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2C2InxI0xAC&q=neelam+sanjeeva+reddy&pg=PA126|isbn=9788187498650}}</ref><ref name="books.google">{{cite book|last=Jai|first=Janak Raj|title=Sonia's Foreign Origin: A Non-issue|year=2004|publisher=Regency Publications|location=New Delhi|page=41|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OcQ5rT4N1BgC&q=speaker+neelam+sanjeeva+reddy&pg=PA41|isbn=9788189233037}}</ref> The Congress Party led by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was defeated, ending 30 years of Congress rule in India and a five party coalition with Morarji Desai as its leader came to power.<ref name="Torild2014">{{cite book|author=Skard, Torild|title=Women of power: Half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmw5BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|date=30 July 2014|publisher=Policy Press|isbn=978-1-4473-1578-0|pages=24–}}</ref> Reddy was unanimously elected [[Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha]] on 26 March 1977. However he resigned a few months later to contest in the [[presidential elections of July 1977]].<ref name="speakerloksabha" /> Reddy's second term as Speaker lasted three months and 17 days and remains till date the shortest tenure for anyone to have held that post.<ref>{{cite book|title=Limca Book of Records|year=2001|publisher=Bisleri Beverages Limited|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-JtAAAAMAAJ&q=speaker+neelam+sanjeeva+reddy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Malhotra|first=G C|title=ELECTION OF SPEAKER IN UK AND INDIA|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/jpi/December2000/CHAP-2.htm|publisher=Parliament of India|access-date=1 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070053/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/jpi/December2000/CHAP-2.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Presidential election of 1977 ===
The presidential election of 1977 was necessitated by the death in office of the incumbent [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]. Although Prime Minister [[Morarji Desai]] wanted to nominate danseuse [[Rukmini Devi Arundale]] for the post, she turned down the offer.<ref>{{cite news|title=When Bharatnatyam exponent Rukmini Devi could have been President of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/When-Bharatnatyam-exponent-Rukmini-Devi-could-have-been-President-of-India/articleshow/21697040.cms|access-date=16 April 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=8 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808111548/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/When-Bharatnatyam-exponent-Rukmini-Devi-could-have-been-President-of-India/articleshow/21697040.cms|archive-date=8 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Reddy was elected unopposed, the only President to be elected thus, after being unanimously supported by all political parties including the opposition Congress party. At 64, he became the youngest ever person to be elected President of India. He was also the only serious presidential candidate to have contested twice – in 1969 against [[V V Giri]] and in 1977.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sanjiva Reddy created many records|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3551790.ece|access-date=11 December 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=21 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709091029/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3551790.ece|archive-date=9 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="mainstreamweekly">{{cite journal|last=Srivastava|first=Vivek Kumar|title=History and Politics of Indian Presidents|journal=Mainstream|date=21 July 2012|volume=L|issue=31|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article3592.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621220738/http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article3592.html|archive-date=21 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> 37 candidates had filed their nominations for the presidency of whom 36 were rejected by the returning officer. Following these disqualifications, Reddy remained the only validly nominated candidate in the fray which made elections unnecessary. Reddy thus became the first person to be elected President of India without a contest and remains the only President to have been elected unopposed.<ref>{{cite book|title=PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION FROM 1952 TO 1997|publisher=Election Commission of India|page=28|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/miscellaneous_statistics/PresdElec/BriefNotes.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183310/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/miscellaneous_statistics/PresdElec/BriefNotes.pdf|archive-date=16 April 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sanjiva Reddy only President elected unopposed|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3529044.ece?homepage=true|access-date=26 November 2014|work=The Hindu|date=15 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015201558/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3529044.ece?homepage=true|archive-date=15 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==President of India==
[[File:State Visits by Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.png|thumb|President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy led seven [[state visit]]s between 1980 and 1982. He visited [[USSR]], Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, UK, Ireland, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Ireland and [[Yugoslavia]].]]
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was elected on 21 July 1977<ref name="books.google" /> and was sworn in as the [[List of Presidents of India|seventh President of India]] on 25 July 1977. Reddy worked with three governments, with [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Ministers]] Morarji Desai, [[Charan Singh]] and Indira Gandhi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jai|first=Janak Raj|title=Presidents of India: 1950–2003|year=2003|publisher=Regency Publications|location=New Delhi|page=141|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2C2InxI0xAC&q=neelam+sanjeeva+reddy&pg=PA126|isbn=9788187498650}}</ref> Reddy announced, on the eve of India's thirtieth anniversary of Independence, that he would be moving out of the [[Rashtrapati Bhawan]] to a smaller accommodation and that he would be taking a 70 percent pay cut in solidarity with India's impoverished masses.<ref>{{cite news|title=India's President Shuns Mansion, Returns Pay|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WsxRAAAAIBAJ&pg=7047,1469586&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post Gazette|date=13 August 1977}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India leader to cut his salary|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fWxQAAAAIBAJ&pg=3096,4421516&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=St. Petersburg Times|date=15 August 1977}}</ref>

=== Morarji Desai government (1977–79) ===

Relations between Reddy and Desai soon soured over the latter's promotion of his son, Kanti Desai, in politics and over Desai's communication with Chief Ministers Vengala Rao and Channa Reddy on the issue of land ceilings in Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Srivastava|first=Vivek Kumar|title=History and Politics of Indian Presidents|journal=Mainstream|date=July 2012|volume=L|issue=31|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article3592.html|access-date=5 June 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621220738/http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article3592.html|archive-date=21 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Following mass defections from the Janata Party and from the cabinet, Morarji Desai's 30-month-old government ended in July 1979 after he handed in his resignation to Reddy before a no-confidence motion could be tabled against his government in Parliament.<ref>{{cite news|title=Desai's resignation leaves India's government in crisis|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=APpBAAAAIBAJ&pg=4450,2155969&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy+the+sun&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph-Herald|date=15 July 1979}}</ref> Reddy's actions following Desai's resignation have been much debated. His decision to accept Desai's resignation before an alternative government created a ministerial vacuum in the executive according to [[H. M. Seervai]].<ref name="India Today">{{cite news|title=Giani Zail Singh: The making of a President|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/giani-zail-singh-poised-to-become-the-seventh-president-of-india/1/391893.html|access-date=28 November 2014|publisher=India Today|date=18 October 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207094640/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/giani-zail-singh-poised-to-become-the-seventh-president-of-india/1/391893.html|archive-date=7 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The faction of the Janata Party supporting Desai continued to have the support of 205 MPs as opposed to Charan Singh's 80 MPs.<ref name="India Today"/> Reddy used [[Discretionary power|presidential discretion]] in choosing Charan Singh as the next Prime Minister over a contending claim from [[Jagjivan Ram]], the leader of the Janata Party.<ref>{{cite news|title=Past Presidents: Waning power|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/office-of-the-president-a-glamorous-edifice-but-with-a-timorous-reserve-of-real-power/1/391902.html|access-date=28 November 2014|publisher=India Today|date=18 October 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207094644/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/office-of-the-president-a-glamorous-edifice-but-with-a-timorous-reserve-of-real-power/1/391902.html|archive-date=7 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Mahendra Prasad|title=The Union Executive|url=http://socialsciences.in/article/union-executive|website=SocialSciences.in|access-date=28 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205180437/http://socialsciences.in/article/union-executive|archive-date=5 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Charan Singh government (1979) ===

Following Desai's resignation and the fall of the [[Janata government]] headed by him, Reddy appointed Charan Singh as Prime Minister. This was on the condition that he should prove his majority on the floor of the House before the end of August.<ref>{{cite news|title=Singh faces early test|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YO4yAAAAIBAJ&pg=2305,3044776&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=Ottawa Citizen|date=27 July 1979}}</ref> Singh was sworn in on 28 July 1979 but never faced Parliament to prove his majority when Reddy convened it on 20 August. Reddy had appointed him Prime Minister since he had produced a letter claiming to have a parliamentary majority with the support of the opposition Congress Party led by his rival, the former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Malhotra|first1=Inder|title=Constricting coalitions|url=http://archive.asianage.com/content/constricting-coalitions|access-date=25 November 2014|publisher=The Asian Age|date=2 February 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109024424/http://archive.asianage.com/content/constricting-coalitions|archive-date=9 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="The disintegration of Janata">{{cite news|last1=Malhotra|first1=Inder|title=The disintegration of Janata|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-disintegration-of-janata/99/|access-date=25 November 2014|publisher=The Indian Express|date=15 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129215035/http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-disintegration-of-janata/99/|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In return for her support, Gandhi demanded that a law establishing special courts to try her and her son [[Sanjay Gandhi]] be repealed – a proposition that was unacceptable to Charan Singh.<ref name="The disintegration of Janata"/> Gandhi therefore withdrew her support, forcing Singh to resign.<ref>{{cite news|title=India plunged into crisis as Charan Singh resigns|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19790821&id=GctAAAAAIBAJ&pg=3658,4158767|access-date=25 November 2014|publisher=The Glasgow Herald|date=21 August 1979}}</ref> His government lasted 24 days and he never faced Parliament.<ref name="LS dissolved for fourth time">{{cite news|title=LS dissolved for fourth time|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/dec/04ls.htm|access-date=25 November 2014|work=Rediff.com|date=4 December 1997|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924160542/http://www.rediff.com/news/dec/04ls.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=8 trust votes since '79, only 3 PMs survived|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/8-trust-votes-since-79-only-3-PMs-survived/articleshow/3261535.cms|access-date=25 November 2014|publisher=Times of India|date=22 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109024424/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/8-trust-votes-since-79-only-3-PMs-survived/articleshow/3261535.cms|archive-date=9 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The convention of appointing a Prime Minister in a hung House but with conditions on time to prove majority was later adopted by President [[R Venkataraman]].<ref name="mainstreamweekly" /><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Noorani|first1=A. G.|title=Appointing a PM|journal=Frontline|date=June 20 – July 3, 2009|volume=26|issue=13|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2613/stories/20090703261307300.htm|access-date=4 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109024424/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2613/stories/20090703261307300.htm|archive-date=9 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Following Charan Singh's resignation, Reddy summoned [[Chandra Shekhar Singh|Chandrashekhar]] and Jagjivan Ram to Rashtrapati Bhavan to look into the possibility of forming an alternate government. Reddy, convinced that they would not be able to form one, accepted Singh's advice and dissolved Lok Sabha, calling for [[Mid term elections|a mid term election]].{{efn|Reddy's choice was between accepting the outgoing Prime Minister Charan Singh's advice of dissolving the Lok Sabha or giving Jagjivan Ram, leader of the Janata Party, the largest single bloc there, a chance of forming the government.<ref>{{cite news|title=Giani Zail Singh: The making of a President|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/giani-zail-singh-poised-to-become-the-seventh-president-of-india/1/391893.html|access-date=28 November 2014|publisher=India Today|date=15 July 1982|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207094640/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/giani-zail-singh-poised-to-become-the-seventh-president-of-india/1/391893.html|archive-date=7 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Another Indian Government Collapse|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2519&dat=19790821&id=FwReAAAAIBAJ&pg=2530,3307463|access-date=30 November 2014|publisher=Observer – Reporter|date=21 August 1979}}</ref> Reddy was advised on the possibility of [[Horse trading (political)|horse trading]] and accepted Singh's advice.<ref>{{cite web|title='The price of an MP is increasing day by day. For God's sake, take a decision immediately'|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/12cong7c.htm|website=Rediff.com|access-date=28 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924160408/http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/12cong7c.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Jagjivan Ram's claim to having a majority were overlooked<ref>{{cite news|title=India's midsummer madness |url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/25th-august-1979/7/indias-midsummer-madness |access-date=28 November 2014 |publisher=The Spectator |date=25 August 1979 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224213122/http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/25th-august-1979/7/indias-midsummer-madness |archive-date=24 December 2014 }}</ref> and elections called prompting accusations of racial prejudice and political one upmanship against Reddy.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jagjivan Ram, Champion of India's Untouchables, Dies at 78|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/07/obituaries/jagjivan-ram-champion-of-india-s-untouchables-dies-at-78.html|access-date=28 November 2014|work=The New York Times|date=7 July 1986|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207225157/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/07/obituaries/jagjivan-ram-champion-of-india-s-untouchables-dies-at-78.html|archive-date=7 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Gandhi2000">{{cite book|author=Rajmohan Gandhi|title=Revenge and Reconciliation: Understanding South Asian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xAASBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT463|date=14 October 2000|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-318-9|pages=463–}}</ref>}}<ref name="LS dissolved for fourth time"/><ref>{{cite web|title=One cannot avoid Machiavellianism altogether. Otherwise, it is not politics|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/12cong7d.htm|work=Rediff.com|access-date=29 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924160409/http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/12cong7d.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Will the President call a mid-term poll?|url=http://m.rediff.com/news/apr/09cong2.htm|work=Rediff.com|access-date=29 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109205803/http://m.rediff.com/news/apr/09cong2.htm|archive-date=9 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Singh was asked to continue as the [[caretaker prime minister]] till a new government was sworn in after the election. Reddy's decision was met with angry denunciations and protests by members of the Janata Party who even threatened to have him impeached.<ref>{{cite news|title=Reddy calls for new elections in India|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1_RHAAAAIBAJ&pg=1778,3771341&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=The Morning Record and Journal|date=23 August 1979}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Meeting the coalition challenge head on|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051110/asp/nation/story_5458864.asp|access-date=9 November 2014|agency=15 November 2005|publisher=The Telegraph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109221304/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051110/asp/nation/story_5458864.asp|archive-date=9 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Although heading a caretaker government, Singh proposed as many as seven [[Ordinance (India)|ordinances]] on a broad range of matters from effecting changes in company law, providing state funding of elections and reservation of jobs for the [[backward classes]].<ref name="al">{{cite book|author=Abbas|title=Indian Government and Politics|year=1900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hko7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA254|isbn=978-81-317-5374-3|pages=254–|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Dam2013">{{cite book|author=Shubhankar Dam|title=Presidential Legislation in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bNsaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA216|date=16 December 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03971-1|pages=216–}}</ref> Reddy however refused to [[promulgate]] the ordinances arguing that such momentous changes could not be made by a caretaker government.<ref>{{cite news|title=CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS – Powers of caretaker govt|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99may03/edit.htm|access-date=28 November 2014|work=The Tribune|date=3 May 1999|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109024424/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99may03/edit.htm|archive-date=9 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Indira Gandhi's return to power (1980–82) ===

In the elections of 1980, Indira Gandhi's party the [[Indian National Congress (I)]] returned to power by winning 351 seats in the Lok Sabha. Neither the Janata Party nor Charan Singh's Lok Dal won the 54 seats needed for recognition as the official opposition in Parliament.<ref>{{cite news|title=1980: Gandhi returned by landslide vote|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/7/newsid_2506000/2506387.stm|access-date=27 June 2013|publisher=BBC|date=7 January 1980|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023133601/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/7/newsid_2506000/2506387.stm|archive-date=23 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Indira was sworn in as Prime Minister by Reddy for what would become her last term in office in January 1980.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indira Gandhi takes oath facing social, economic chaos in India|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=j9gvAAAAIBAJ&pg=6354,1777104&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy+indira&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=Rome News-Tribune|date=14 January 1980}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Prime Minister {{sic|Gha|ndi|hide=y}} sworn in|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DgEtAAAAIBAJ&pg=2504,3267746&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy+indira&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=The Palm Beach Post|date=15 January 1980}}</ref> Between 1980 and 1982 President Reddy led seven [[state visit]]s abroad, visiting the USSR, Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, the UK, Ireland, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Yugoslavia.<ref>{{cite web|title=DETAILS OF MEDIA PERSONS ACCOMPANYING THE PRESIDENT IN HIS/HER VISITS ABROAD SINCE 1947 TO 2012|url=http://rashtrapatisachivalaya.gov.in/media_abroad.pdf|publisher=The President's Secretariat|access-date=5 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817094728/http://rashtrapatisachivalaya.gov.in/media_abroad.pdf|archive-date=17 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Annual Report 1982-83|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India|url=http://mealib.nic.in/?2511?000|access-date=1 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602195025/http://mealib.nic.in/?2511%3F000|archive-date=2 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> At home, as president, he signed an [[Ordinance (India)|ordinance]] that gave the new government wide powers to imprison people for up to a year without trial under [[preventive detention]]<ref>{{cite news|title=India Begins 'Preventive Detention'|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=L2dQAAAAIBAJ&pg=5495,1970220&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy+indira&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=The Evening Independent|date=23 September 1980}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Preventive detention law imposed in India|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19800923&id=BOFLAAAAIBAJ&pg=5512,3620960|access-date=1 June 2014|agency=Associated Press|publisher=The Free Lance Star|date=23 September 1980}}</ref> and ordered the imposition of [[President's rule]] in nine opposition-ruled states on the advice of the government.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gandhi tightening grip over 9 states|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=46NdAAAAIBAJ&pg=1043,1971724&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy+presidents+rule&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=Observer-Reporter|date=18 February 1980}}</ref>

== Later life and death ==
Reddy was succeeded as president by [[Giani Zail Singh]], who was sworn in on 25 July 1982.<ref>{{cite news|title=President sworn in|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rDdVAAAAIBAJ&pg=1267,4716948&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=The Age|date=26 July 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Foreign Digest: New Delhi|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PAE-AAAAIBAJ&pg=1944,4223294&dq=neelam+sanjiva+reddy&hl=en|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=The Glasgow Herald|date=26 July 1982}}</ref> In his farewell address to the nation, Reddy criticised the failure of successive governments in improving the lives of the Indian masses and called for the emergence of a strong political opposition to prevent governmental misrule.<ref>{{cite news|title=Farewell Speech|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19820725&id=B4QsAAAAIBAJ&pg=6929,5050590|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=Herald Journal|date=25 July 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indian president favours opposition|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1891&dat=19820725&id=96cfAAAAIBAJ&pg=971,3584037|access-date=27 June 2013|newspaper=Gadsden Times|date=25 July 1982}}</ref> Following his presidential term, the then [[Chief Minister of Karnataka]] [[Ramakrishna Hegde]] invited Reddy to settle down in Bangalore but he chose to retire to his farm in Anantapur.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bonanzas go bust|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/152204/bonanzas-go-bust.html|access-date=5 May 2013|newspaper=Deccan Herald|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222131807/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/152204/bonanzas-go-bust.html|archive-date=22 February 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Neelam Sanjiva Reddy: Ready to retire|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/neelam-sanjiva-reddy-ready-to-retire/1/391883.html|access-date=28 November 2014|publisher=India Today|date=15 July 1982|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207100157/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/neelam-sanjiva-reddy-ready-to-retire/1/391883.html|archive-date=7 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He died of pneumonia in [[Bangalore]] in 1996 at the age of 83.<ref>{{cite news|title=Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, Former President of India, 83|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/03/world/neelam-sanjeeva-reddy-former-president-of-india-83.html|access-date=11 December 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=3 June 1996|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515112028/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/03/world/neelam-sanjeeva-reddy-former-president-of-india-83.html|archive-date=15 May 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> His ''[[samadhi]]'' is at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news|title=I try to emulate Sanjiva Reddy, says HDK|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/may202006/city227452006519.asp|access-date=5 May 2013|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=20 May 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109024424/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/may202006/city227452006519.asp|archive-date=9 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Parliament mourned Reddy's death on 11 June 1996 and members cutting across party lines paid him tribute and recalled his contributions to the nation and the House.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parliament Proceedings – June 11, 1996|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/lsdeb/ls11/ses1/0210069602.htm|publisher=Parliament of India|access-date=19 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910114641/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/lsdeb/ls11/ses1/0210069602.htm|archive-date=10 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Reddy authored a book, ''Without Fear or Favour: Reminiscences and Reflections of a President'', published in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|title=Without Fear or Favour : Reminiscences and Reflections of a President|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002219697|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224160132/http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002219697|archive-date=24 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Commemoration ==
Sanjiva Reddy's birth centenary was celebrated in 2013 by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] with the concluding ceremony in [[Anantapur]] being addressed by President [[Pranab Mukherjee]] and with the Chief Ministers of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Karnataka]] in attendance.<ref>{{cite news|title=Illur gets set for Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy fete|url=http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130601/news-politics/article/illur-gets-set-neelam-sanjeeva-reddy-fete|access-date=5 December 2014|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|date=1 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129022102/http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130601/news-politics/article/illur-gets-set-neelam-sanjeeva-reddy-fete|archive-date=29 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pranab Mukherjee to take part in Neelam centenary, no visit to Sri Satya Saibaba Maha Samadhi|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131219/news-current-affairs/article/pranab-mukherjee-take-part-neelam-centenary-no-visit-sri-satya|access-date=5 December 2014|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|date=19 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207055622/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131219/news-current-affairs/article/pranab-mukherjee-take-part-neelam-centenary-no-visit-sri-satya|archive-date=7 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=President for Neelam fete|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131214/news-politics/article/president-neelam-fete|access-date=5 December 2014|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|date=14 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207055355/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131214/news-politics/article/president-neelam-fete|archive-date=7 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[India Post|Postal Department of India]] released a [[commemorative stamp]] and [[First day cover|special cover]] in honour of Reddy on the occasion of his birth centenary.<ref name="deccanchronicle">{{cite news|title=CM to seek Neelam, PV statues|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130520/news-politics/article/cm-seek-neelam-pv-statues|access-date=20 May 2013|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=20 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321145834/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/130520/news-politics/article/cm-seek-neelam-pv-statues|archive-date=21 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In [[Hyderabad]], there is the Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy College of Education. As part of the centenary celebrations of his birth, the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] has announced that it will rename the [[Andhra Pradesh]] State Revenue Academy, Reddy's alma mater the Government Arts College and the [[Government Medical College, Anantapur]] after the former president.<ref name="deccanchronicle" /><ref>{{cite news|title=AP govt wants former Prez, Narasimha Rao's statues in Parliament|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ap-govt-wants-former-prez-narasimha-raos-statues-in-parliament/articleshow/20135464.cms|access-date=20 May 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In the 1960s, when he was Union Minister for Mines, a statue of him had been unveiled at [[Vijayawada]] by [[K. Kamaraj]], the then [[President of the Indian National Congress|president of the Congress Party]], prompting Reddy to ask for its removal as he deemed the practice of erecting statues of people holding public office undesirable.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sanjiva Reddy wants his statue removed|url=http://www.asianage.com/books/sanjiva-reddy-wants-his-statue-removed-882|access-date=5 December 2014|publisher=The Asian Age|date=12 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206023020/http://www.asianage.com/books/sanjiva-reddy-wants-his-statue-removed-882|archive-date=6 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A statue of Sanjiva Reddy, unveiled in 2005, stands at the [[Telangana Secretariat|Andhra Pradesh Secretariat (now Telangana Secretariat)]] in Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite news|title=Manmohan unveils Neelam's statue|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/08/22/stories/2005082204340500.htm|access-date=5 December 2014|date=22 August 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109024424/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/08/22/stories/2005082204340500.htm|archive-date=9 January 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
''Neelam Sanjiva Reddy - President of India'' is a 1982 [[Short film|short]] [[documentary film]] directed by Prem Vaidya & C. L. Kaul and produced by the [[Films Division of India]], covering his term of presidency.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NEELAM SANJIVA REDDY – PRESIDENT OF INDIA {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/neelam-sanjiva-reddy-president-of-india|access-date=2021-06-11|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>

The character Mahendranath, Chief Minister of the fictional state of Afrozabad in former Prime Minister [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|P V Narasimha Rao's]] novel, ''[[The Insider (Rao novel)|The Insider]]'', is based on Reddy, portraying his career in Andhra Pradesh and his political rivalry with [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]].<ref>{{cite news|date=26 June 1998|title=POWER GAMES|newspaper=Asia Week- CNN|url=http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/98/0626/feat_1_books.html|url-status=live|access-date=20 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224151902/http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/98/0626/feat_1_books.html|archive-date=24 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=April–May 1998|title=The tale of an outsider|url=http://www.frontline.in/navigation/?type=static&page=flonnet&rdurl=fl1509/15091220.htm|url-status=live|journal=Frontline|volume=15|issue=9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522091852/http://www.frontline.in/navigation/?type=static&page=flonnet&rdurl=fl1509%2F15091220.htm|archive-date=22 May 2013|access-date=27 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Explanatory notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Neelam Sanjiva Reddy}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://presidentofindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/audio-visual-section/2%20Broadcast%20to%20the%20Nation%20-%20Republic%20Day,Delhi.mp3 President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy's broadcast to India on Republic Day, 1979 (Audio)]
* [http://speakerloksabha.nic.in/former/Nsanjivareddy.asp Neelam Sanjiva Reddy - The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha]

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{{s-ttl|title=[[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]|years=1977}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Basappa Danappa Jatti]] Acting}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[President of India]]|years=1977–82}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Zail Singh]]}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Neelam Sanjiva}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
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Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy