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Khargone district

2021-06-23T04:25:40Z

2409:4043:11C:396F:0:0:293E:48B0:

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Khargone}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Khargone district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name = <small> खरगौन ज़िला </small>
| image_map = MP Khargone district map.svg
| map_caption = Location of Khargone district in Madhya Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Khargone
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Indore division|Indore]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Khargone]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 8030
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,873,046
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 63.98 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 965
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Khargone]] (Lok Sabha constituency)
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Indian road network|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Chittaurgarh]] - [[Bhusawal]] Highway, [[Khandwa]] - [[Vadodara]] Highway, [[Indore]]-[[Icchapur]] Highway, [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://khargone.nic.in/en/}}
| official_name =
| image_skyline = 18 expanse of Narmada in Maheshwar (16673851680).jpg
| image_caption = Narmada river near Maheshwar Fort
}}

'''Khargone district''', formerly known as '''West Nimar district''', is a [[Districts of Madhya Pradesh|district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] [[States and territories of India|state]] in [[central India]]. The district lies in [[Nimar]] region, and is part of [[Indore Division]]. [[Khargone]] town is the headquarters of this district which lies south to [[Indore]], metropolis and headquarters of [[Indore district|Indore District]].

==History==
The district has a long history. In ancient period, the [[Haihayas]] of [[Mahishmati]] (present-day [[Maheshwar]]) ruled this region. In early medieval age, the area was under the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramaras]] of Malwa and the [[Ahir|Ahirs]] of Asirgarh. In late medieval age, the area was under [[Malwa Sultanate]] of Mandu. In 1531, [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Gujarat sultan Bahadur Shah]] brought this area under his control. In 1562, Akbar annexed this territory along with the whole Malwa to [[Mughal empire]]. In 1740 Marathas under the [[Peshwa]] brought the area under their control. In 1778, Peshwa distributed this territory to the Maratha rulers, Holkars of Indore, Sindhias of Gwalior and Ponwars of Dhar. After the independence and merger of the Princely states with Union of India in 1948, this territory became West Nimar district of [[Madhya Bharat]]. Khargone district had been part of the [[Nerbudda Division|Nerbudda (Narmada) Division]] of the [[Central Provinces and Berar]], which became the state of Madhya Bharat (later [[Madhya Pradesh]]) after India's independence in 1947.<ref>Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al. (1908). ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', Volume 6. 1908-1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford</ref> On 1 November 1956 this district became part of the newly formed state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. On 25 May 1998 West Nimar district was bifurcated into two districts: Khargone and [[Barwani district|Barwani]].

==Geography==
Area of the district is {{cvt|8030|km2}}. The district is situated between 21°22' and 22°35' north latitudes and 74°25' and 76°14' east longitudes. The district is surrounded by [[Dhar District|Dhar]], [[Indore District|Indore]] and [[Dewas District|Dewas]] in the north, [[Jalgaon District]] of [[Maharashtra]] state in the south, [[Khandwa District|Khandwa]], [[Burhanpur District|Burhanpur]] in the east and [[Barwani district|Barwani]] in the West.

==Economy==
Economically, Khargone is dependent on agriculture, with several other industries in Nimrani and [[Barwaha]]. The major cash crops of Khargone District are [[cotton]], [[soybean]] and [[Chili pepper|chilly]] (or "[[chili pepper]]"). The district is India's biggest cotton-producing region. There are various cotton processing units (spinning) in the cooperative sector and private sector. One of the major spinning unit is JawaharLal Nehru Sahakari Soot Mill, situated on [[Julwania]] Road. It is a cooperative sector society. The red chilly is exported abroad. A famous mandi of chilly at Bedia is located about 50 km from Khargone and the famous Sendhwa cotton hub is just 70 km from district headquarters.

==Divisions==
The district is divided into 5 sub-divisions, which are further divided into 9 tehsils. [[Barwaha]] sub-division has only one ''Barwaha'' tehsil. [[Bhikangaon]] sub-division has two tehsils, Bhikangaon and [[Jhirnya, Madhya Pradesh|Jhirnya]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Man helps cops arrest rape accused, gets beaten up in Chenpur jail|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/man-helps-cops-arrest-rape-accused-gets-beaten-up-in-chenpur-jail/article1-1244843.aspx|access-date=26 March 2015|work=Hindustan Times|agency=HT Media Limited|date=26 July 2014}}</ref> [[Kasrawad]] sub-division has only Kasrawad tehsil while [[Khargone]] sub-division has four tehsils, Khargone, [[Gogawan]], [[Bhagwanpura, Madhya Pradesh|Bhagwanpura]], and [[Segaon, Madhya Pradesh|Segaon]]. [[Mandleshwar|Mandaleshwar]] sub-division has one tehsil, [[Maheshwar]]. Khargone town is the administrative headquarters of the district. Other towns are Maheshwar, Kasrawad, [[Segaon, Madhya Pradesh|Segaon]], Bhagwanpura, [[Jhirnya, Madhya Pradesh|Jhirnya]], Bhikangaon, [[Gogawan]] and [[Barwaha]]. Maheshwar is a place of tourist attraction as the former capital of the [[Haihayas]] and the Holkars of Indore.

The district consists 6 [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies. These constituencies are: Bhikangaon, [[Barwaha]], Maheshwar, Kasrawad, Khargone and Bhagwanpura. While, Bhikangaon and [[Barwaha]] are part of [[Khandwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khnadwa Lok Sabha constituency]], the rest are part of Khargone Lok Sabha constituency.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Khargone District has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,873,046,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Kosovo]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Kosovo 1,825,632 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[West Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=West Virginia 1,852,994
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=19 October 2013
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 252nd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 233 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.81%.<ref name=districtcensus/> West Nimar has a [[sex ratio]] of 963 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 63.98%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Languages===
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 71.60% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]], 24.31% [[Bhili language|Bhili]], 1.98% [[Urdu]], 0.61% [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and 0.43% [[Marathi language|Marathi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

Languages spoken include [[Nimadi language|Nimadi]] is the most spoken language in west [[Nimar]] and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]. [[Palya Bareli language|Bareli Palya]], a [[Bhil languages|Bhil]] language with approximately 10,000 speakers centred in Madhya Pradesh;<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bareli, Palya: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bpx | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> [[Rathwi Bareli language|Bareli Rathwi]], another Bhil language, with approximately 64,000 speakers, written in the [[Devanagari script]];<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bareli, Rathwi: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bgd | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> and [[Bhilali language|Bhilali]], with 11,50,000 speakers.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bhilali: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bhi | access-date = 2011-09-30 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref>{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,89,621|13=1911|14=2,58,895|15=1921|16=2,84,976|17=1931|18=3,36,866|19=1941|20=3,87,542|21=1951|22=4,31,704|23=1961|24=5,83,139|25=1971|26=7,67,344|27=1981|28=9,69,735|29=1991|30=11,92,520|31=2001|32=15,24,637|33=2011|34=18,73,046|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Khargone district}}
*[http://khargone.nic.in Official "Khargone District" website in Hindi language]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Khargone district
|North = [[Indore district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[East Nimar district]]
|Southeast = [[Burhanpur district]]
|South = [[Jalgaon district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Barwani district]]
|Northwest = [[Dhar district]]
}}

{{Districts of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Indore Division}}
{{Narmada basin}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|21|49|23|N|75|36|37|E|type:adm3rd_source:kolossus-itwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Khargone district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:1948 establishments in India]]

Bakawan

2021-06-23T04:16:18Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bakawan
| native_name = Gaulok Dham Bakawan
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|22.1677|N|75.8519|E|region:IN-MP_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Khargone district|Khargone]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Subdistrict]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| elevation_m = 167.9
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode]]
| postal_code =
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Ma Narmada Goshala Bakawan.jpg|alt=Ma Narmada Goshala Bakawan|thumb|Ma Narmada Goshala Bakawan]]
'''Bakawan''' is a village in the state of Madhya Pradesh located on the banks of the river Narmada in India. The village falls under the [[Nimar]] region (pronounced Nimadh/Nimad/Nimarh) in [[Malwa]]. The region predominantly speaks the local dialect "[[Nimadi language|Nimadi]]" and Hindi. Nearest airport is [[Indore]] and nearest railway station is [[Khandwa]].

== Introduction ==
A steep climb from the banks of the river Narmada leads to the village with paved streets.<ref>{{cite web|title=A temple too far|url=http://oliver.friends.tas.edu.au/ni/issue336/temple.htm|accessdate=21 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016174808/http://oliver.friends.tas.edu.au/ni/issue336/temple.htm#|archive-date=16 October 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The village has a population around 8000 as per 2011 Census,<ref>{{cite web|title=Mardana village stats|url=http://www.voiceofbharat.org/khargone/view_results_detail.asp?ID=173&mVarTable=[Sheet1|accessdate=21 June 2013}}{{dead link|date=February 2014}}</ref> supported by a government school, dispensary, nearest post office mardana and other amenities. Six buses run from the city to Sanawad and Khargone.

== History ==
Ruins indicates that a small fort was constructed in the nearby village called [[Mardana, Madhya Pradesh|Mardana]]. The fort is said to be the capital of Raja Mordhvaj who died at [[Prayagraj]]. The ruins show the ''sinhasana'' (seat) of Maharaja Mayuradhvaja in a cave. The fort has a hidden [[ghat]] (gupt ghat) and a guhavasi Shiva.<ref>{{cite book|last=Neuß|first=Jürgen|title=Narmadāparikramā - Circumambulation of the Narmadā River|year=2012|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers, Inc.|isbn=9789004228573|page=165|url=http://www.brill.com/narmadaparikrama-circumambulation-narmada-river|access-date=18 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917222019/http://www.brill.com/narmadaparikrama-circumambulation-narmada-river|archive-date=17 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The village was also among the sites selected by Malwa queen [[Ahilyabai Holkar|Rani Ahilyabai]] to build her capital because of its history and mentions in the vedic puranas. However, her priest advised against it. She later constructed a fortified ghat and temple of Mayuresvara Shiva in the village.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Hira Lal|title=Ahilyabai|year=1969|publisher=National Book Trust, India|page=42|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_snt9a7OsKUC&q=mardana+%2B+narmada}}</ref>
The village Bakawan have also a shiv mandir constructed by Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar, at that time Bakawan was under the empire of Ahilya Bai Holkar. Also, she made Maheshwar as her capital.

== land use ==
The village has an agriculture-based land. Situated in the [[Narmada]] river valley, the village has access to a perennial water source and has a rich and fertile black soil. Common crops grown in the region: wheat, cotton, chilli (mirchi), soybean, peanuts, and sugarcane among others.

== Schools ==
The Government School is located in Navalpura region of Bakawan and has views of [[River Narmada]] and the [[Ghats]]. It has all the basic facilities with a large ground for playing. Also it supports with its building many functions such as election.{{fact|date=January 2019}}

Pratibha Gyan Vidhya Mandir is a private school having both the mediums i.e. Hindi and English.

Chandra Shekhar Azad Public School, Bakawan is a private school which aims to provide quality education for all with benefit of low fee to parents.{{fact|date=January 2019}}

==Tourism==
The village of Bakawan is known for making and exportation of Narmadeshwar Shivlings across the world. This is the only village in the world which succeeds in making of the Narmadeshwar Shivlings. The stones from which the Narmadeshwar Shivlings made are mainly found in the river Narmada. The village is also famous for the statue of Lord Balrama located in front of the Ram Mandir Bakawan (Rama Temple). There is a Gaushala (the place where the cows lives) named on the river Narmada Called Ma Narmada Gaushala Bakawan constructed in 1998 by Pt. Kamal Kishore Ji Nagar. The village is also known as Gaulok Dham Bakawan.

== Narmada Dam ==
Bakawan and many other villages in the region along the river Narmada will get submerged by the Maheshwar Hydroelectric Project.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nilsen|first1=Alf Gunvald|title=Dispossession and Resistance in India: The River and the Rage|date=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136994326|pages=1, 3, 8, 12–13, 20, 33, 149, 150 162, 194|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UATgCgAAQBAJ&q=Maheshwar+Hydroelectric+Project&pg=PA8|accessdate=17 March 2016}}</ref> Resettlement is still under progress.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Amoore|first1=Louise|title=The Global Resistance Reader|date=2005|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=9780415335836|page=336|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uopWhyAS8T8C&q=Mardana+Resolution&pg=PA336|accessdate=17 March 2016}}</ref> The village came into focus in February 2000 when the "Bakawan Declaration" was signed to protest against the dam construction.<ref name="Bakawan Declaration">{{cite web|url=http://www.narmada.org/maheshwar/mardana.declaration.html|title=Mardana Resolution|publisher=Friends of River Narmada|accessdate=20 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209090759/http://www.narmada.org/maheshwar/mardana.declaration.html|archive-date=9 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180730140303/http://www.narmada.org/maheshwar.html The Maheshwar Dam : a Brief Introduction]
{{commonscat|Bakawan}}

[[Category:Villages in Khargone district]]

List of rivers of Madhya Pradesh

2021-06-21T07:32:20Z

2409:4043:11C:396F:0:0:293E:48B0:

{{More citations needed|date=August 2015}}

[[Madhya Pradesh]], a state in north-central India, is [[subtropical]] with substantial ({{Convert|1400|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}) monsoon rains that feed a large number of streams and rivers. The largest of these by volume is the [[Narmada River|Narmada]], followed by the [[Tapti River|Tapti]]. Madhya Pradesh falls in five major river basins. The northern part of the state falls within the [[Ganges Basin]] where the Betwa, Chambal and Son flow. South of the Ganges Basin is the Narmada Basin, the second largest by surface area. The other three basins cover small portions of Madhya Pradesh, namely the Mahi Basin to the west,<ref name="Mahi-Basin">{{Cite web|title=Mahi Basin |publisher=India-WRIS |url=http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Mahi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117060122/http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Mahi |archive-date=17 January 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> the [[Tapi Basin]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tapi Basin |publisher=India-WRIS |url=http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Tapi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117053543/http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Tapi |archive-date=17 January 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> and the [[Godavari River|Godavari Basin]] to the south.<ref name="Godavari-Basin">{{Cite web|title=Godavari Basin |publisher=India-WRIS |url=http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Godavari |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117055731/http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Godavari |archive-date=17 January 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Amarasinghe, Upali|display-authors=etal|year=2005 |title=Spatial variation in water supply and demand across river basins of India |location=Colombo, Sri Lanka |publisher=International Water Management Institute |page=3 |isbn=978-92-9090-572-1 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Zd1gAqwJTF0C&pg=PA3}}</ref>

== Ganges Basin: betwa ==
The Betwa drains off of the Deccan plateau. Originating in the Kumra village in [[Raisen district]] of Madhya Pradesh, the [[Betwa]] flows for 590 km (232 km in MP and 358 km in UP). After meandering through Madhya Pradesh, it enters the neighbouring state, Uttar Pradesh, and joins the river Yamuna (Jamna) in [[Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh|Hamirpur]]. The Betwa takes along with it the waters of the eastern [[Malwa]] plateau. The tributaries of the Betwa include the Bina, Yamini, Dhasan and Ken.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Sutcliffe, J. V. |author2=Agrawal, R. P. |author3=Tucker, J. M. |year=1981 |title=The water balance of the Betwa basin, India |journal=Hydrological Sciences Bulletin |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=149–158 |doi=10.1080/02626668109490872 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In ancient times, the Betwa was known as Vetrawati.

== Ganges Basin: Chambal ==
The [[Chambal River|Chambal]] originates from the [[Janapav]] Near [[Mhow]] Mountain in the [[Vindhya Range]], and flows northeast through [[Ujjain]], [[Ratlam]] and [[Mandsaur]], before entering [[Rajasthan]]. It reenters Madhya Pradesh after meandering through parts of Rajasthan and touches Morena and [[Bhind]]. Here are the infamous Chambal Ravines that have been and still are the safest refuge for [[dacoits]].

=== Shipra ===
The [[Shipra]] starts her journey in the Vindhya Range from a hill called Kokri Tekdi situated at a distance of 11 km from Ujjain. This river is 195 km long, out of which 93 km flow through Ujjain. It then touches Ratlam and Mandsaur, before joining the river Chambal in Gwalior . The main tributaries of the Shipra are the Khan and the Gambhir.

== Ganges Basin: Sone ==
The [[Sone River|Sone]], also called the Maikalsut because its source is in the Maikal Hills, originates in [[Anuppur District]] in the Amarkantak highlands of the [[Maikal Range]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 23 |author=Hunter, William Wilson | url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_082.gif |access-date=2014-06-06 |location=Oxford, England |publisher= Clarendon Press |pages=76–78}}</ref> Its chief tributaries are the [[Rihand River|Rihand]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://surguja.nic.in/historical_background.htm | title = Surguja: Historical Background: The Rihand | publisher = Surguja district administration | access-date = 17 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100830171019/http://surguja.nic.in/historical_background.htm | archive-date = 30 August 2010 | url-status = dead }}</ref> and the [[North Koel River|North Koel]].<ref>{{Cite book| title = Gazetteer of Palamu District|url = http://www.palamu.nic.in/gazette/general_gazette.doc|access-date = 17 January 2017 }}</ref> and also include the Kewai, Tipan, Kunak, Murna, Johilla, Mahanadi, and the Rer.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hughes, Theodore W. H. |year=1885 |chapter=Southern Coal-Fields of Kewah Gondwana Basin |title=Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Volume 21 |page=7 (143)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S6MMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA143}}</ref>

=== Kewai ===
The [[Kewai River|Kewai]] arises in the [[Maikal Hills]] and flows in [[Shahdol District]] and Anuppur District and then into the Son River.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hughes, Theodore W. H. |year=1885 |chapter=Southern Coal-Fields of Kewah Gondwana Basin |title=Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Volume 21 |page=57 (193)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S6MMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA193}}</ref>

=== Tipan ===
The Tipan River merges into the Son at the town of [[Anuppur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Existing Land Use Plan |work=Anuppur City Development Plan |publisher=City Managers' Association, Madhya Pradesh |url=http://www.e-mpcdp.com/Maps/Maps-Anuppur.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117041822/http://www.e-mpcdp.com/Maps/Maps-Anuppur.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> It is subject to illegal gravel mining.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Illegal excavators with Two Tractors Charged |date=19 September 2014 |publisher=Pal-Pal India (पल-पल इंडिया) }}</ref>

=== Johilla ===
The [[Johila River|Johilla]] (Juhila) arises near Jaleswar Dham near Amarkantak, in the [[Maikal Hills]] and is a tributary of the Son.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hughes, Theodore W. H. |year=1885 |chapter=Southern Coal-Fields of Kewah Gondwana Basin |title=Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Volume 21 |page=34 (170)|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S6MMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA170}}</ref>

=== Mahanadi ===
The Mahanadi tributary of the Son is distinct from the [[Mahanadi River|Mahanadi]] which originates in [[Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh state]] and flows east.
The political and mafia influence in western Madhya Pradesh's katni district's Ghunaur village has made this beautiful flowing perennial river worse than a drain . Once livelihood of the two villages namely Ghunaur and Barhata was inseparable of this river.

== Mahi Basin ==
In Madhya Pradesh the Mahi Basin consists of the headwaters of the Mahi in [[Dhar District|Dhar]] and [[Jhabua District|Jhabua]] districts; and the headwaters of the Anas River and Panam River in Jhabua District.<ref name="Mahi-Basin" />
This river crosses tropic of Cancer twice.

== Tapi Basin: Tapti ==
The Narmada, the Mahi and the [[Tapti River]] (Tapi) all flow westward into the Gulf of Khambat, of the Arabian Sea. The 724 km long Tapti is agriculturally very important as it drains an area of over 65,145sq km spread over Madhya Pradesh, [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]]. This river originates at a height of 762m in [[Betul district]] of Madhya Pradesh (to the south of the [[Satpura Range]]). The Tapti journeys almost parallel to the Narmada, though it is much shorter in length than the Narmada and has a smaller catchment area.

== Godavari Basin ==
In Madhya Pradesh the Godavari Basin consists of the headwaters of the [[Kanhan River|Kanhan]], including the [[Pench River|Pench]], and the headwaters of the [[Wainganga River]].<ref name="Godavari-Basin" />

==Notes and references==
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[[Category:Rivers of Madhya Pradesh| ]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh-related lists|Rivers of Madhya Pradesh, List]]
[[Category:Lists of rivers of India|Madhya Pradesh, List of Rivers]]
[[Category:Rivers of India| ]]