Marathwada

2022-07-01T19:15:54Z

2409:4042:2D05:90AC:88A0:95DA:4F6C:84C:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{short description|Segmented region of the Kingdom of Hyderabad}}
{{Infobox
| bodyclass = geography
| headerstyle = background:#ccf;
| labelstyle = background:#fff;
| above = Aurangabad division
| title = Marathwada
| image = [[File:Aurangabad Division.png|center|300 px]]Location of Marathwada in [[Maharashtra]]
{{Photomontage
| photo1a = Aurangabad,_Bibi_Ka_Maqbara_(9842174586).jpg
| photo2a = Ajanta, cave 26, chaitya-griha, Buddha (9841424296).jpg
| photo2b = Aundha Nagnath Shiva Temple Jyotirlinga Maharashtra India.jpg
| photo3a = Hazur Sahib, Nanded, Maharashtra, September 2012.jpg
| photo3b = Aurangabad,ellora kailash temple.jpg
| spacing = 1
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 260
| foot_montage = Clockwise from top : [[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], [[Aundha Nagnath Temple]], [[Hazur Sahib|Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara]], Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at [[Ajanta Caves]], Shiva temple in [[Ellora Caves]]}}
| label1 = Districts
| data1 = [[Aurangabad District, Maharashtra|SAurangabad]], [[Beed district|Beed]], [[Hingoli district|Hingoli]], [[Jalna district|Jalna]], [[Latur district|Latur]], [[Nanded district|Nanded]], [[Osmanabad district|Osmanabad]], [[Parbhani district|Parbhani]]
| label2 = Largest city
| data2 = [[Aurangabad]]
| label3 = Division
| data3 = [[Aurangabad division|Aurangabad division]]
| label4 = Area
| data4 = {{convert|64590|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| label5 = Population (2011)
| data5 = 18,731,872<ref name=Census2011>{{cite web|title=District wise Demography|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/districtlist/maharashtra.html|publisher=Census 2011|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref>
| label6 = Density (per km²)
| data6 = 354<ref name=Census2011/>
| label7 = Literacy
| data7 = 76.27%<ref name=Census2011/>
| label8 = Sex Ratio
| data8 = 932<ref name=Census2011/>
| Language =
| subdivision type =
| Subdivision_name =
| Subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| Subdivision_name1 = Maharashtra
| Data9 =
}}

'''Marathwada'''({{IPA-mr|məɾaːʈʰʋaːɖa|Marathi}}) is a region of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. Marathwada was formed during the [[Nizams]] and was part of the then [[Hyderabad State]]. The region coincides with the [[Aurangabad division|Aurangabad Division]] of Maharashtra. It borders the states of [[Karnataka]] and [[Telangana]], and it lies to the west of the [[Vidarbha]] and east of [[North Maharashtra]] regions of Maharashtra. The largest city of Marathwada is [[Aurangabad|Aurangabad]]. Its people speak [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Urdu language|Urdu]].

==Etymology==
The term ''Marathwada'' means ''the house of Marathi speaking people'', that is land occupied by the Marathi-speaking population of the former [[Hyderabad state]] during the period of [[Nizam]]'s rule. The term can be traced to 18th century state records of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]].<ref name=Kate>{{cite book|last=Kate|first=P. V.|title=Marathwada under the Nizams, 1724-1948|date=1987|publisher=Mittal Publications|location=Delhi, India|isbn=978-8170990178|page=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tjndiykddsIC}}</ref>

==Demography==
Marathwada has total area of 64590 km2 and had a population of 18,731,872 at the [[2011 census of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Maharashtra Population Census data 2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/maharashtra.html|publisher=Government of India|access-date=11 April 2015}}</ref>{{efn|Marathwada is not separate political or administrative entity so there is no reference of population by name of "Marathwada", population has been calculated by adding population of 8 districts of Marathwada.}}

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Marathwada (2011)
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 77.98 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 9.56 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 6.49 |color3 = orange
|label4 = [[Lambadi]] |value4 = 3.20 |color4 = khaki
|label5 = Others |value5 = 2.77 |color5 = grey
}}
At the time of the 2011 census, the territory making up Marathwada had a variety of languages. 77.98% of the population spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 9.56% [[Urdu]], 6.49% [[Hindi]] and 3.20% [[Lambadi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

==Under Nizams rule==
The region of Hingoli and Aurangabad were a major hub for the military stations and depot during the time of Nizam as well as during the British rule. Also [[Hyderabad State]] took special work to build Dams, modify and renovate the existing underwater system, particularly in Aurangabad. Major works were undertaken to built railways ([[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]) connecting the city of Hyderabad to Bombay(now Mumbai) via Aurangabad. Handlooms and paper factories were established in Kaghzipura near Aurangabad. Religious sites were developed in [[Khuldabad]].

Temporary guest houses were built for Sikh devotees in Nanded which lies in ruins due to neglect by the government authorities. Also roads connecting to Ahmedabad were initiated.<ref name=Nizam>{{cite web|title=MAU|url=http://www.mkv.ac.in/doe/maufrgen.html|publisher=mkv|access-date=24 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518022708/http://www.mkv.ac.in/doe/maufrgen.html|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Cities and districts==
===Major cities of Marathwada region===
All the cities below have population of more than 100,000 with Sambhaji Nagar having 1.1 million inhabitants per the 2011 census.
*[[Aurangabad|Aurangabad]]
*[[Nanded]]
*[[Latur]]
*[[Parbhani]]
*[[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]]
*[[Beed]]
*[[Dharashiv]]

===Districts===
*[[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]
*[[Beed district|Beed]]
*[[Hingoli district|Hingoli]]
*[[Jalna district|Jalna]]
*[[Latur district|Latur]]
*[[Nanded district|Nanded]]
*[[Osmanabad district|Dharashiv]]
*[[Parbhani district|Parbhani]]

There are [[Municipal Corporation]]s at [[Aurangabad Municipal Corporation]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aurangabadmahapalika.org/singleIndex.jsp?orgid=95 |title=Archived copy |access-date=7 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329051457/http://www.aurangabadmahapalika.org/singleIndex.jsp?orgid=95 |archive-date=29 March 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nwcmc.gov.in/ |title=NWCMC Home Page |publisher=Nwcmc.gov.in |access-date=2015-05-29}}</ref> [[Latur Municipal Corporation]], and [[Parbhani Municipal Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://pcmcparbhani.org/ | title=Index of /}}</ref>

==Tourism==
{{main|Tourism in Marathwada}}

[[File:Aurangabad,ellora kailash temple.jpg|thumb|God Shiva temple in Ellora Caves]]

[[File:Cave 26, Ajanta.jpg|thumb|Chaitya Griha or prayer hall at [[Ajanta Caves]] in cave number 26]]

[[File:Bibi ka Maqbara.JPG|thumb|[[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], also known as mini Taj Mahal]]

[[File:Hazur Sahib.jpg|thumb|alt=Shri Hazoor Sahib Gurudwara Nanded|[[Hazur Sahib Nanded]]]]

The state government recognises [[Aurangabad|Sambhaji Nagar]] (formerly known Aurangabad) as the "[[Aurangabad|Tourism Capital of Maharashtra]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newkerala.com/headlines.php |title=World News Headlines |publisher=Newkerala.com |access-date=2015-05-29}}</ref> There are various [[List of tourist attractions in Aurangabad|Tourist attractions in Sambhaji Nagar]]. Other places visited by tourists are:
{{columns-list|
* [[Ajanta Caves]]
* [[Ellora Caves]]
* [[Bibi Ka Maqbara]]
* [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]]
* [[Hazur Sahib Nanded]]
* [[Udgir Fort]]
* [[Ausa]]
* [[Dharashiv Caves]]
* [[Aundha Nagnath]]
* [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]]
* [[Kandhar]]
* [[Grishneshwar temple]]
* [[Parli, Maharashtra|Parli]]
* [[Tuljapur]]
* [[Yogeshwari]], [[Mukundraj]], [[Ambajogai]]
* [[Dharur, Beed]]
* [[Samarth Ramdas|Jamb samarth]], [[Jalna district]]
* [[Nanded Fort]]
*[[Sahasrakund Waterfall]]|colwidth=20em}}

==Education==
[[File:Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University.JPG|right|thumb|[[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]], [[Aurangabad|Sambhaji Nagar]] ]]
Marathwada has four government medical colleges, situated at Aurangabad (now Sambhaji Nagar), Latur, Nanded and Ambajogai.
The region also has good government engineering colleges such as SGGS Nanded, Aurangabad Government Engineering College.
It also has three major universities, being [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]] at Sambhaji Nagar, [[Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University]] at [[Parbhani]], and [[Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University]] at Nanded.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}

The foundation of agricultural research in Marathwada region of [[Hyderabad state]] was laid by the by the 7th [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] ''[[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]'' with the commencement of the Main Experimental Farm in 1918 in [[Parbhani]]. During the [[Nizam]]'s rule agricultural education was available only at Hyderabad; crop research centers for sorghum, cotton and fruits existed in Parbhani. After [[Independence of India|independence]], this facility was developed further by the Indian government which was renamed as [[Marathwada Agriculture University]] on 18 May 1972.<ref name="Nizam"/> The [[Institute of Chemical Technology]], [[Mumbai]] (formerly know as UDCT) has a satellite campus located in [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]] which was established in 2018.

==Droughts and suicide of farmers==
Marathwada is affected by frequent anomalies in rainfall during Monsoon season, which accounts for almost 80 percent of the annual rainfall. The average annual rainfall over the division is 882 mm. Almost three-fourths of the Marathwada division is covered by farmlands. Hence, drought continues to have a considerable impact on the life of farmers.<ref name="IGARSS2017">{{cite journal |last1=Swain|display-authors=etal|first1=S |title=Application of SPI, EDI and PNPI using MSWEP precipitation data over Marathwada, India |journal=IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) |volume=2017 |pages=5505–5507 |doi=10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8128250 |year=2017|isbn=978-1-5090-4951-6|s2cid=26920225}}</ref>

In some Marathwada districts recurring droughts have forced people to drink fluoride-contaminated groundwater from borewells which has inflicted debilitating fluorosis on many. <ref>{{cite web| url=https://ruralindiaonline.org/en/articles/marathwadas-troubled-waters-harm-your-bones/|title= Marathwada's troubled waters harm your bones|website=People's Archive of Rural India}}</ref>

The region also sees high instances of farmer suicides. According to government records, 422 farmers in Marathwada committed suicide in 2014. This was because of their inability to bear crop losses and a financial quandary made acute by [[water scarcity]] and an agrarian crisis.<ref name="business-standard1">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/422-farmer-suicides-in-2014-in-marathwada-gives-bjp-govt-the-jitters-114120400229_1.html |title=422 farmer suicides in 2014 in Marathwada gives BJP govt the jitters | Business Standard News |publisher=Business-standard.com |date=2014-12-05 |access-date=2015-05-29|newspaper=Business Standard India |last1=Jog |first1=Sanjay }}</ref> 2014 was the third consecutive year of low rainfall, and when rainfall did occur it was sometimes untimely and damaged crops. Of the 422 suicides, 252 cases were due to an inability to repay agricultural loans. There have been more than 117 farmer suicides in the first two months of 2017.<ref name="business-standard1"/> According to a study by IIT Bombay, the severe or extreme droughts have frequently occurred in major portions of Marathwada, in the last few decades.<ref name="IGARSS2017"/>

==See also==
* [[:Category:People from Marathwada|List of people from Marathwada]]
* [[Hyderabad State]]
* [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]
* [[Make in Maharashtra]]
* [[Manav Vikas Mission]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}

'''Citations'''
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=-nVDBvv_OqAC&pg=PA136&dq= Beyond Economic Development: A Case Study of Marathwada]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150316145019/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/vidarbha-and-marathwada-trapped-in-a-vicious-cycle/article1-1326919.aspx Vidarbha and Marathwada: Trapped in a vicious cycle -Hindustan Times]
*[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/Cane-cultivation-leaving-Marathwada-bone-dry-Study/articleshow/46440781.cms Cane cultivation leaving Marathwada bone dry: Study -The Times of India]
*[http://www.sriharsha.in/marathwada-drought/ Photo-essay on the 2016 drought in Marathwada]
*[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-28205741 Have India's farm suicides really declined? -BBC article]
*[http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/in-worst-drought-year-marathwada-emerges-new-suicide-region/ In worst drought year, Marathwada emerges new suicide region -Indian Express]
*[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Wrong-method-used-to-calculate-Vidarbha-Marathwada-backlog/articleshow/46328013.cms ‘Wrong method used to calculate Vidarbha, Marathwada backlog’ - The Times of India]
*{{cite book|author=Lucien D. Benichou|title=From Autocracy to Integration: Political Developments in Hyderabad State, 1938-1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Loiq3YrFy40C|date=1 January 2000|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-1847-6}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070612010847/http://www.undp.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=129&Itemid=217 Human Development Report 2002 - Maharashtra (India)]

{{Marathwada}}
{{Maharashtra}}

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[[Category:Marathwada| ]]
[[Category:Regions of Maharashtra]]

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Marathwada