National Education Policy 2020

2021-12-05T09:51:29Z

2406:7400:73:50BA:EC87:5E5C:F4B0:30AD: /* School education */

{{Short description|Current education policy of India}}
{{About|the recent education policy of the Government of India|the bygone policies|National Policy on Education}}
{{use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}

The '''National Education Policy of India 2020''' ('''NEP 2020'''), which was approved by the [[Second Modi ministry|Union Cabinet of India]] on 29 July 2020, outlines the vision of new education system of India.<ref name="HTHighlights29July">{{Cite web|editor=Nandini|date=29 July 2020|title=New Education Policy 2020 Highlights: School and higher education to see major changes|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/new-education-policy-2020-live-updates-important-takeaways/story-yYm1QaeNyFW4uTTU3g9bJO.html|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The new policy replaces the previous [[National Policy on Education#1986|National Policy on Education, 1986]].{{efn|name=fn1}} The policy is a comprehensive framework for elementary education to higher education as well as vocational training in both rural and urban India. The policy aims to transform India's education system by 2040.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jebaraj|first=Priscilla|date=2 August 2020|title=The Hindu Explains {{!}} What has the National Education Policy 2020 proposed?|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/education/the-hindu-explains-what-has-the-national-education-policy-2020-proposed/article32249788.ece|access-date=2 August 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Shortly after the release of the policy, the government clarified that no one will be forced to study any particular language and that the medium of instruction will not be shifted from English to any regional language.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|last=Vishnoi|first=Anubhuti|date=31 July 2020|title=No switch in instruction medium from English to regional languages with NEP '20: HRD|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/no-switch-in-instruction-medium-from-english-to-mother-tongue/regional-languages-with-nep-20/articleshow/77271164.cms|access-date=31 July 2020}}</ref> The language policy in NEP is a broad ''guideline'' and ''advisory'' in nature; and it is up to the states, institutions, and schools to decide on the implementation.<ref name=":1" /> [[Education in India]] is a [[Concurrent List]] subject.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chopra|first=Ritika|date=2 August 2020|title=Explained: Reading the new National Education Policy 2020|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/reading-new-education-policy-india-schools-colleges-6531603/|access-date=2 August 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
The NEP 2020 replaces the [[National Policy on Education]] of 1986.{{Efn|name=fn1|"While the last education policy was announced in 1992, it was considered a re-writing of the 1986 policy."<ref name="HTTransformative30July">{{cite news |last1=Chaturvedi |first1=Amit |title='Transformative': Leaders, academicians welcome National Education Policy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/transformative-leaders-and-academicians-welcome-national-education-policy/story-0mtvLVr8QQPUG3F9ftR11O.html |access-date=30 July 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=30 July 2020 |quote=While the last policy was announced in 1992, it was essentially a rehash of a 1986 one.}}</ref>|group=}} In January 2015, a committee under former Cabinet Secretary [[T. S. R. Subramanian]] started the consultation process for the New Education Policy. Based on the committee report, in June 2017, the draft NEP was submitted in 2019 by a panel led by former [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) chief [[Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan]].<ref name="nep20 ref1">{{cite news |title=Kasturirangan-led panel to develop new curriculum for schools |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/government-textbook-revisions-committee-new-national-curriculum-framework-7525579/ |access-date=16 October 2021 |publisher=indianexpress.com |date=22 September 2021}}</ref> The Draft New Education Policy (DNEP) 2019, was later released by [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]], followed by a number of public consultations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/state-education-boards-to-be-regulated-by-national-body-draft-nep/articleshow/71816449.cms|title=State education boards to be regulated by national body: Draft NEP|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref> The Draft NEP was 484 pages.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 July 2020|title=Here's Why You Can Rejoice Over the New NEP. And Why You Cannot|url=https://thewire.in/education/nep-higher-education-kasturirangan-education-ministry|access-date=2 August 2020|website=The Wire}}</ref> The Ministry undertook a rigorous consultation process in formulating the draft policy: "Over two lakh suggestions from 2.5 lakh [[gram panchayat]]s, 6,600 blocks, 6,000 [[Urban Local Bodies]] (ULBs), 676 [[district]]s were received."<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Jebaraj|first1=Priscilla|last2=Hebbar|first2=Nistula|date=31 July 2020|title=Rigorous consultations done before framing new National Education Policy, says Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rigorous-consultations-done-before-framing-new-national-education-policy-says-ramesh-pokhriyal-nishank/article32243060.ece|access-date=2 August 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

<gallery class="center" widths="250">
File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi attends the Conclave on Transformational Reforms in Higher Education under National Education Policy-2020 through video conferencing, in New Delhi on August 07, 2020.jpg|Online conclave on NEP-2020 attended by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 7 August 2020. On the left is [[K. Kasturirangan]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-07|editor-last=Rohatgi|editor-first=Anubha|title=Highlights {{!}} NEP will play role in reducing gap between research and education in India: PM Modi|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-s-address-at-conclave-on-transformational-reforms-in-higher-education-under-national-education-policy-highlights/story-dehOW8q8ZRrONbbFSRjg0H.html|access-date=2020-08-08|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi delevering the inaugural address at the Conclave on Transformational Reforms in Higher Education under NEP-2020 through video conferencing, in New Delhi on August 7.jpg|The NEP 2020 being discussed with educational institutions across the country. Visible are [[BITS Pilani]], [[Jamia Millia Islamia]], [[Panjab University]], [[Tezpur University]] Assam and CU Kerala.
</gallery>

== Vision ==
The vision of the National Education Policy is:<ref>{{Cite web|last=Radhakrishnan|first=Akila|date=16 September 2020|title=Draft New Education Policy and Schools for the Skilling Age|url=https://www.thehinducentre.com/the-arena/current-issues/article29349517.ece|access-date=31 July 2020|website=The Hindu Center|language=en}}</ref>
{{Quote|text=National Education Policy 2020 envisions an India-centric education system that contributes directly to transforming our nation sustainably into an equitable and vibrant knowledge society by providing high-quality education to all.|title=|source=}}

== Provisions ==
The NEP 2020 enacts numerous changes in India's education policy. It aims to increase state expenditure on education from around 3% to 6% of the GDP as soon as possible.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2020|title=Govt approves plan to boost state spending on education to 6% of GDP|url=https://www.livemint.com/education/news/govt-approves-plan-to-boost-state-spending-on-education-to-6-of-gdp-11596024998889.html|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Livemint}}</ref>

The changes and objectives are:

=== Languages ===
The National Education Policy 2020 has ‘emphasised’ on the use of [[Mother-tongue|mother tongue]] or local language as the medium of instruction till Class 5 while, recommending its continuance till Class 8 and beyond.<ref name="ToIHighlights">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cabinet-approves-new-national-education-policy-key-points/articleshow/77241129.cms |title=National Education Policy 2020: Cabinet approves new national education policy: Key points|work=The Times of India |date=29 July 2020 |access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> [[Sanskrit]] and foreign languages will also be given emphasis. The Policy recommends that all students will learn three languages in their school under the 'formula'. At least two of the three languages should be native to India. It also states that no language will be imposed on the students.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Teaching In Mother Tongue Till Class 5: 10 Points On New National Education Policy|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/national-education-policy-nep-2020-mother-tongue-till-class-5-10-points-on-national-education-policy-2020-2270926|access-date=2021-07-30|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

Shortly after the release of the policy, the government clarified that the language policy in NEP is a broad guideline; and that it was up to the states, institutions and schools to decide the implementation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Gohain|first=Manash Pratim|date=31 July 2020|title=NEP language policy broad guideline: Government|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/nep-language-policy-broad-guideline-government/articleshow/77272709.cms|access-date=31 July 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref> A more detailed language strategy would be released in the National Curriculum Framework in 2021.<ref name=":1" /> Note was also made that there were already institutions which had implemented this language policy 60 years ago such as [[Sardar Patel Vidyalaya]].<ref name=":1" /> Both the Education Policy of 1986 and the [[Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009|Right to Education Act, 2009]] promoted usage of the mother tongue too as an advisory guideline.<ref name=":4" />

=== School education ===
* Focus on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy : The policy accords the highest priority to achieving Foundational Literacy and Numeracy by all students by Grade 3. The policy states, "The highest priority of the education system will be to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary school by 2025. The rest of this Policy will become relevant for our students only if this most basic learning requirement (i.e., reading, writing, and arithmetic at the foundational level) is first achieved. To this end, a National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy will be set up by the Ministry of Education on priority. Accordingly, all State/UT governments will immediately prepare an implementation plan for attaining universal foundational literacy and numeracy in all primary schools, identifying stage-wise targets and goals to be achieved by 2025, and closely tracking and monitoring progress of the same.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cabinet Approves National Education Policy 2020, paving way for transformational reforms in school and higher education systems in the country|url=http://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1642049|access-date=2021-08-08|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>" Subsequently, the NIPUN Bharat Mission was launched on 5 July 2021 to achieve this goal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Education Ministry launches NIPUN Bharat Mission|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/education-ministry-launches-nipun-bharat-mission/article35147248.ece|access-date=2021-08-08|website=@businessline|language=en}}</ref>hf
*The "[[10+2|10 + 2]]" structure will be replaced with "[[5+3+3+4]]" model.<ref name="NDTVHighlights">{{cite web|date=29 July 2020|editor-last=Srinivasan|editor-first=Chandrashekar|title=National Education Policy, NEP 2020: Teaching in Mother Tongue Till Class 5: 10 Points On New Education Policy|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/national-education-policy-nep-2020-mother-tongue-till-class-5-10-points-on-national-education-policy-2020-2270926|access-date=29 July 2020|publisher=NDTV}}</ref> This will be implemented as follows:<ref>{{Cite web|first=Sagar|last=Kulkarni|date=2020-07-29|title=New policy offers 5-3-3-4 model of school education|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/new-policy-offers-5-3-3-4-model-of-school-education-867234.html|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=New education policy: The shift from 10+2 to 5+3+3+4 system|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/economy/article/new-education-policy-the-shift-from-102-to-5334-system/629902|first=Shuchita|last=Kumar|date=31 July 2020|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Times Now}}</ref>
** Foundational Stage: This is further subdivided into two parts: 3 years of [[preschool]] or ''[[anganwadi]]'', followed by classes 1 and 2 in primary school. This will cover children of ages 3–8 years. The focus of studies will be in activity-based learning.
** Preparatory Stage: Classes 3 to 5, which will cover the ages of 8–11 years. It will gradually introduce subjects like speaking, reading, writing, physical education, languages, art, science and mathematics.
** Middle Stage: Classes 6 to 8, covering children between ages 11 and 14. It will introduce students to the more abstract concepts in subjects of mathematics, sciences, social sciences, arts and humanities.
** Secondary Stage: Classes 9 to 12, covering the ages of 14–19 years. It is again subdivided into two parts: classes 9 and 10 covering the first phase while classes 11 and 12 covering the second phase. These 4 years of study are intended to inculcate multidisciplinary study, coupled with depth and critical thinking. Multiple options of subjects will be provided.
* Instead of [[exams]] being held every academic year, school students will only attend three exams, in classes 2, 5 and 8.<ref name="NDTVHighlights" />
* Board exams will be continued to be held for classes 10 and 12 but will be re-designed. Standards for this will be established by an assessment body, ''PARAKH'' (Performance Assessment, Review and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development)<ref name="NDTVHighlights" /> To make them easier, these exams would be conducted twice a year, with students being offered up to two attempts.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 November 2019|agency=Press Trust of India New|title=Easier board exams with two attempts a year: HRD suggests in Draft Education Policy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/easier-board-exams-with-two-attempts-a-year-hrd-suggests-in-draft-education-policy-1615465-2019-11-04|access-date=31 July 2020|website=India Today}}</ref> The exam itself would have two parts, namely the objective and the descriptive.<ref name="HTHighlights29July" />
* This policy aims at reducing the curriculum load of students and allowing them to be more "inter-disciplinary" and "multi-lingual". One example given was "If a student wants to pursue fashion studies with physics, or if one wants to learn bakery with chemistry, they'll be allowed to do so."<ref name="TribuneNEP">{{Cite web|date=29 July 2020|title=Centre announces new National Education Policy|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/schools/centre-announces-new-national-education-policy-119539|access-date=30 July 2020|website=The Tribune|location=India}}</ref> Report cards will be "holistic", offering information about the student's skills.<ref name="HTHighlights29July" />
* [[Computer programming|Coding]] will be introduced from class 6 and experiential learning will be adopted<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2020|title=New Education Policy: Students To Learn Coding From Class 6|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/new-education-policy-students-to-learn-coding-from-class-6th-onwards|access-date=31 July 2020|website=TheQuint}}</ref>
* The [[Midday Meal Scheme]] will be extended to include breakfasts. More focus will be given to students' health, particularly mental health, through the deployment of counsellors and social workers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Education Policy 2020 Proposes Breakfast For School Children, Besides Mid-day Meals|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-national-education-policy-2020-proposes-breakfast-for-school-children-besides-mid-day-meals/357696|first=Prakash|last=Kumar|date=30 July 2020|access-date=31 July 2020|work=Outlook}}</ref>

=== Higher education ===
* It proposes a 4-year multi-disciplinary bachelor's degree in an undergraduate programme with multiple exit options. These will include professional and vocational areas and will be implemented as follows:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Free Entry- Exit Options Introduced For Students in NEP 2020|url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/nep-2020-multiple-exit-options-in-undergraduate-programmes-re-entry-eased-academic-bank-of-credit|access-date=2020-09-21|website=NDTV.com|language=en}}</ref>
** A certificate after completing 1 year of study
** A diploma after completing 2 years of study
** A Bachelor's degree after completion of a 3-year programme
** A 4-year multidisciplinary Bachelor's degree (the preferred option)
*[[MPhil]] (Masters of Philosophy) courses are to be discontinued to align degree education with how it is in Western models.<ref name="WeekMPhil30July">{{Cite web|title=In defence of MPhil: Why the degree should not be discontinued|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/07/30/in-defence-of-mphil-why-the-degree-should-not-be-discontinued.html|first=Sneha|last=Bhura|date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=The Week}}</ref>
* A Higher Education Council of India (HECI) will be set up to regulate higher education. The council's goal will be to increase gross enrollment ratio.<ref name="NDTVHighlights" /> The HECI will have 4 verticals:<ref name="NDTVMerged30July">{{Cite web|editor-first=Anisha|editor-last=Kumari|date=30 July 2020|title=National Education Policy 2020: UGC, AICTE, NAAC To Be Merged In A New Body|url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/national-education-policy-2020-ugc-aicte-naac-be-merged-in-new-body|access-date=2020-08-09|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
** National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC), to regulate higher education, including teacher education, while excluding medical and legal education.<ref name="HT4Verticals31July">{{Cite web|first=Amandeep|last=Shukla|date=29 July 2020|title=National Education Policy 2020: UGC, AICTE era over, NEP moots HECI, single regulator with 4 verticals|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/national-education-policy-2020-ugc-aicte-era-over-nep-moots-heci-single-regulator-with-4-verticals/story-tHS4Td98ZzKYpwkU0Us0dM.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
** National Accreditation Council (NAC), a "meta-accrediting body".<ref name="HT4Verticals31July" />
** Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC), for funding and financing of universities and colleges. This will replace the existing [[National Council for Teacher Education]], [[All India Council for Technical Education]] and the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]].<ref name="HT4Verticals31July" />
** General Education Council (GEC), to frame "graduate attributes", namely the learning outcomes expected. It will also be responsible in framing a National Higher Education Qualification Framework (NHEQF).<ref name="HT4Verticals31July" /> The [[National Council for Teacher Education]] will come under the GEC, as a professional standard setting body (PSSB).<ref>{{Cite web|first=Amandeep|last=Shukla|date=2020-07-29|title=New Education Policy 2020: NEP moots professional standards for teachers|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/new-education-policy-2020-nep-moots-professional-standards-for-teachers/story-F7IvmL73MfFLnGCn5EWBLK.html|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
* Other PSSBs will include professional councils such as [[Veterinary Council of India]], [[Council of Architecture]], [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] and National Council for Vocational Education and Training.<ref name="NDTVMerged30July" />
* The [[National Testing Agency]] will now be given the additional responsibility of conducting entrance examinations for admissions to universities across the country, in addition to the [[JEE Main]] and [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 July 2020|title=National Education Policy: NTA to conduct common entrance exam for higher education institutes|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/nta-to-offer-common-entrance-exam-for-higher-education-institutes-nta-ac-in-6529437/|access-date=30 July 2020|work=The Indian Express}}</ref>
* The policy proposes that higher education institutes like the [[IITs]] make changes with regard to the diversity of learning.<ref name="NDTVHighlights" />
* The policy proposes to internationalize education in India.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Krishna|first=Atul|date=29 July 2020|title=NEP 2020 Highlights: School And Higher Education|url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/nep-2020-highlights-school-and-higher-education|access-date=31 July 2020|publisher=NDTV|language=en}}</ref> Foreign universities can now set up campuses in India.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=Manoj|date=29 July 2020|title=India opens door for foreign universities under new education policy|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-education-idUSKCN24U2K6|access-date=31 July 2020}}</ref>
* The fees of both private and public universities will be fixed.<ref name=":3" />

=== Teacher education ===
The NEP 2020 puts forward many policy changes when it comes to teachers and teacher education.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rajeev|first=K. R.|date=31 July 2020|title=Teacher education set for major overhaul|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/teacher-education-set-for-major-overhaul/articleshow/77268952.cms|access-date=31 July 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> To become a teacher, a 4-year [[Bachelor of Education]] will be the minimum requirement needed by 2030.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=30 July 2020|others=PTI|title=4-year BEd degree to be minimum qualification for teaching by 2030, says new NEP|url=https://www.livemint.com/education/news/4-year-bed-degree-to-be-minimum-qualification-for-teaching-by-2030-says-new-nep-11596100700209.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Livemint|language=en}}</ref> The teacher recruitment process will also be strengthened and made transparent.<ref name=":5" /> The [[National Council for Teacher Education]] will frame a National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education by 2021 and a National Professional Standards for Teachers by 2022.<ref name=":5" /> The policy aims to:<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 June 2019|title=Creativity gets a boost|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/200619/creativity-gets-a-boost.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref>
{{Quote|text=ensure that all students at all levels of school education are taught by passionate, motivated, highly qualified, professionally trained, and well equipped teachers.|title=|source=}}

=== Other changes ===
Under NEP 2020, numerous new educational institutes, bodies and concepts have been given legislative permission to be formed. These include:<ref name="HTHighlights29July" />

* National Education Commission, headed by the Prime Minister of India<ref>{{Cite web|last=Upadhyay|first=Deepak|date=29 July 2020|title=New school education policy approved: Grading system, more choice of subjects|url=https://www.livemint.com/education/news/new-school-education-policy-grading-system-more-choice-of-subjects-11596001769379.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Livemint|language=en}}</ref>
* Academic Bank of Credit, a digital storage of credits earned to help resume education by utilising credits for further education<ref>{{Cite web|title=To Improve Gross Enrolment Ratio, New Education Policy Proposes Academic Bank of Credit; Multiple Entry, Exit Points|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/to-improve-gross-enrolment-ratio-new-education-policy-proposes-academic-bank-of-credit-multiple-entry-exit-points-2742693.html|date=29 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=News18}}</ref>
* National Research Foundation, to improve research and innovation<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jayan|first=T. V.|title=National Research Foundation to boost research, innovation|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/budget/national-research-foundation-to-boost-research-innovation/article28297523.ece|access-date=30 July 2020|date=5 July 2020|website=@businessline}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Amandeep|last=Shukla|date=1 October 2019|title=HRD begins process for creation of National Research Foundation|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/hrd-begins-process-for-creation-of-national-research-foundation/story-W37ngkZmNkw6cSYZlXTlIL.html|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
* Special Education Zones, to focus on the education of underrepresented group in disadvantaged regions<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shukla|first=Amandeep|date=30 July 2020|title=Govt unveils sweeping changes for education|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-unveils-sweeping-changes-for-education/story-zSewHWq7IiCaOOLNXUiRcK.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
* Gender Inclusion Fund, for assisting the nation in the education of female and transgender children<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pandit|first=Ambika|date=30 July 2020|title=Gender Inclusion Fund, Spl Edu Zones in policy|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gender-inclusion-fund-spl-edu-zones-in-policy/articleshow/77252728.cms|access-date=31 July 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
* National Educational Technology Forum, a platform to facilitate exchange of ideas on technology usage to improve learning<ref>{{Cite web|title=NEP 2020: New Education Policy Moots Formation Of Technology Forum|url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/new-education-policy-moots-formation-of-technology-forum |editor-first=Maitree |editor-last=Baral |date=30 July 2020 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=31 July 2020}}</ref>

The policy proposes new language institutions such as the Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation and the National Institute/ Institutes for [[Pali]], [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Prakrit]]. Other bodies proposed include the National Mission for Mentoring, National Book Promotion Policy, National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy.

== Reception ==
[[Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan]], chairperson of the National Education Policy (NEP) drafting panel, commented "No language is being imposed. Multi-lingual flexibility is still the basis for the new NEP 2020".<ref>{{cite news |url =https://www.indiatoday.in/education/story/no-language-imposition-new-education-policy-drafting-panel-chief-1705975-2020-07-30|title =No language imposition in new education policy, says drafting panel chief|location =[[New Delhi]] |date =30 July 2020|website=[[India Today]] |access-date =30 July 2020}}</ref> The UGC has asked that awareness about the policy should be spread among students and teachers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-06|title=UGC ask varsities to create awareness about new education policy among students, teachers|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/ugc-ask-varsities-to-create-awareness-about-new-education-policy-among-students-teachers/story-XjDXDw978SXD0VUPUmxhvL.html|access-date=2020-08-06|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] stated that the policy focuses on 'how to think' rather than 'what to think'.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-07|title=PM Narendra Modi speech live on NEP: Policy to shift focus from 'what to think' to 'how to think'|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/pm-narendra-modi-speech-live-new-education-policy-inaugural-education-conclave-1708665-2020-08-07|access-date=2020-08-09|website=India Today}}</ref>

The [[IIT Kanpur]] Director, [[Abhay Karandikar]], supported the new policy, while the [[IIT Delhi]] director, [[V. Ramgopal Rao]], compared the new education policy with the [[Morrill Land-Grant Acts]] of United States and called it a "Morril Moment" for India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/education/article/iit-directors-laud-the-new-education-policy-call-it-an-important-milestone-and-a-morril-moment-for-india/629291|title=IIT Directors laud the New Education Policy, call it an Important Milestone and a 'Morrill Moment' for India|first=Papri|last=Chanda|date=30 July 2020|publisher=Times Now|access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref> The chancellor of [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU), [[M. Jagadesh Kumar]], as well as the vice-chancellor of JNU called the policy a "positive step forward" while [[Najma Akhtar (academic)|Najma Akhtar]], the vice-chancellor of [[Jamia Milia Islamia]], called the policy "ground-breaking".<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 July 2020|title=JNU, Jamia V-Cs: National Education Policy move groundbreaking, positive|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/jnu-jamia-v-cs-national-education-policy-move-groundbreaking-positive-6530019/|access-date=30 July 2020|website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=29 July 2020|others=PTI|title=National Education Policy evokes mixed reactions among academicians|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/national-education-policy-evokes-mixed-reactions-among-academicians/1905418|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Outlook India}}</ref> Former Delhi University vice-chancellor [[Dinesh Singh (academic)|Dinesh Singh]], said "the policy lays down the road map pretty nicely".<ref name=":2" /> [[Venkaiah Naidu]], the [[Vice President of India]], welcomed the policy's flexibility and appreciated its "loftier" goal of bringing out-of-school children into the school system and reducing dropouts.<ref>{{Cite web|first=M. Venkaiah|last=Naidu|author-link=Venkaiah Naidu|date=2020-08-08|title=The New Education Policy 2020 is set to be a landmark in India's history of education|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/toi-edit-page/the-new-education-policy-2020-is-set-to-be-a-landmark-in-indias-history-of-education/|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Times of India Blog}}</ref>

[[Lok Sabha MP]] and [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] leader [[Shashi Tharoor]] welcomed the decision but stated his concerns about the implementation of the new policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/much-to-welcome-in-national-education-policy-but-shashi-tharoor-highlights-some-challenges/story-W86DVZPz0adXwrcs0SaUMO.html |title='Much to welcome in National Education Policy but...': Shashi Tharoor highlights some challenges |location=New Delhi |date=30 July 2020 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |first=Amit |last=Chaturvedi |access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref> A report by the [[Observer Research Foundation]] stated the same.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Sangeet|date=6 August 2020|title=The National Education Policy 2020: A policy for the times|url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/national-education-policy-2020-policy-times/|access-date=2020-08-09|website=ORF}}</ref>

Dhiraj Kumar Nite from [[Ambedkar University Delhi]] stated that the removal of the MPhil course was not in harmony with the principles of the NEP, since multiple exit points were offered at the undergraduate level but those interested in a Ph.D. would have no quick exit point, which the MPhil provided.<ref name="WeekMPhil30July" /> The [[JNU Students' Union]] (JNUSU) and Delhi University Teachers' Association criticized the government for approving the policy amidst the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], stating that they had opposed the policy since its draft stage.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Kainat|last=Sarfaraz|date=29 July 2020|title=Mixed response to new education policy, Sisodia welcomes move to rename MHRD as ministry of education|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mixed-response-to-new-education-policy-sisodia-welcomes-move-to-rename-mhrd-as-ministry-of-education/story-u0VPRe5neHeolo4iRuC4mL.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> [[CPI(M)]] leader [[Sitaram Yechury]] alleged that suggestions made by academicians were not taken into account, while the [[politburo]] of the party condemned the commercialization encouraged by the policy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-30|title=NEP will transform millions of lives, says Modi; CPM terms it unilateral drive to destroy education|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/nep-will-transform-millions-of-lives-says-modi-cpm-terms-it-unilateral-drive-to-destroy-education-8654181.html|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Kumkum Roy of the Centre for Historical Studies, JNU, stated that the subjects on the studies of Gender Studies, Media, Environment and Development, Culture, Dalit, Discrimination and Exclusion, and Media have not been mentioned for development. In the study of the Constitution, Fundamental Rights have been left out.<ref>{{cite web |first=Kumkum |last=Roy |date=31 July 2020 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/national-education-policy-reservation-6531546/ |title=National Education Policy needs close scrutiny for what it says, what it doesn't |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> President of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]], [[M. K. Stalin]], stated that the policy was passed without a discussion in the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] and would undermine the [[Tamil language]], due to its "compulsory" option of Sanskrit at every level of education.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 August 2020|title=NEP 2020 "undermines" Tamil, halt its implementation: Stalin|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/nep-2020-undermines-tamil-halt-its-implementation-stalin/articleshow/77441931.cms|access-date=2020-08-09|agency=PTI|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Aishe Ghosh of the JNUSU [[tweeted]] that internships under the policy would lead to [[child labour]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aishe Ghosh calls internships 'child labour', Twitter mocks 'freeloader communists'|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/aishe-ghosh-calls-internships-child-labour-twitter-mocks-freeloader-communists-2|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Free Press Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shukla|first=Ashish|date=2020-07-30|title=Netizens irked with Modi government's 3-language formula in NEP 2020|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/netizens-irked-modi-governments-3-language-formula-nep-2020-825519|access-date=2020-08-09|website=[[International Business Times]]|location=India}}</ref>

The Draft NEP of 2019 was criticized for multiple reasons. A social media campaign protested over the inclusion of Hindi in schools in the south Indian states.<ref>{{Cite news|title=#StopHindiImposition Protest Erupts Against Centre's Draft Education Plan|url=https://www.ndtv.com/south/stop-hindi-imposition-top-twitter-trend-in-protest-against-education-plan-2046497|first=J Sam Daniel |last=Stalin |editor-first=Divyanshu |editor-last=Dutta Roy |date=1 June 2019|access-date=30 July 2020|publisher=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamil-Speaking Ministers Join Firefight As Anti-Hindi Uproar Flares|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/hindi-imposition-protests-over-nep-2019-nirmala-sitharaman-s-jaishankar-join-firefight-2046912|first=J Sam Daniel |last=Stalin |editor-first=Chandrashekar |editor-last=Srinivasan |date=3 June 2019|access-date=30 July 2020|publisher=NDTV}}</ref> The [[Students' Federation of India]] stated that it threatened the federal character of the educational structure, commercialised education and undermined independent research activity.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/jul/29/six-reasons-why-sfi-thinks-the-new-education-policy-will-destroy-indian-education-as-we-know-it-2011180.html|title=Six reasons why SFI thinks the New Education Policy will destroy Indian education as we know it|first=Prajanma|last=Das|date=29 July 2019|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> Madhu Prasad of ''[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]'' pointed out how the draft's "merit-based" college admissions criteria did not take into account [[Reservation in India|reservations]] and the [[caste]]-based discrimination and oppression faced by many in the country.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Prasad|first=Madhu|date=19 July 2019|title=NEP 2019: The devil in the detail|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article28259123.ece|access-date=31 July 2020|magazine=Frontline}}</ref> [[D.P. Sharma|DP Sharma]] appreciated the current initiative of end to end transformation of Indian education system but expressed his concerns about the implementation with care and honesty and,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-25|title=Dr. D P Sharma On The Challenges In Indian Education Systems|url=https://eduvoice.in/dr-d-p-sharma-on-the-challenges-in-indian-education-systems/|access-date=2020-09-29|website=Eduvoice {{!}} The Voice of Education Industry|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-02|title=भारतीय स्किल डेवलपमेंट यूनिवर्सिटी (बीएसडीयू) ने 'रिसर्च ओरिएंटेशन इन प्रोजेक्ट वर्सेज प्रोजेक्ट ओरिएंटेशन इन रिसर्च' विषय पर किया वेबिनार का आयोजन|url=https://www.newstracklive.com/news/indian-skill-development-university-bsdu-organizes-webinar-on-the-topic-research-orientation-in-project-versus-project-orientation-in-research-mc23-nu896-ta896-1374369-1.html|access-date=2020-09-29|website=News Track|language=hi}}</ref> connected the [[Atmanirbhar Bharat|self reliant India]] mission with education transformation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aatm Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan : स्कूल—कॉलेज से शुरू होना चाहिए आत्मनिर्भरता का जज्बा|url=https://www.patrika.com/jaipur-news/aatm-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-dp-sharma-ilo-un-pm-bhardwaj-6309454/|access-date=2020-09-29|website=Patrika News|language=hi}}</ref>

== Implementation ==
In early August 2021, Karnataka became the first state to issue an order with regard to implementing NEP.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karnataka becomes first state to issue order implementing National Education Policy|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2021/aug/07/karnataka-becomes-first-state-to-issue-order-implementingnational-education-policy-2341661.html|access-date=2021-09-15|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

On 26 th August 2021, Madhya Pradesh implemented NEP 2020.

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath said the National Education Policy-2020 will be implemented in phases by 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=DelhiNovember 20|first1=India Today Web Desk New|last2=November 20|first2=2020UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2020 01:22|title=NEP to be implemented in phases by 2022, says UP CM Yogi Adityanath|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/nep-to-be-implemented-in-phases-by-2022-says-up-cm-yogi-adityanath-1742420-2020-11-20|access-date=2021-09-15|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

The Telangana State government has decided to implement the newly announced National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) in the State.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Phaniharan|first=V. R. C.|date=2020-08-08|title=Telangana ready to implement National Education Policy 2020|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/telangana-ready-to-implement-national-education-policy-2020-638268|access-date=2021-09-15|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>

Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray directs to appoint experts’ committee for implementation of new education policy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-21|title=NEP 2020: Maharashtra CM directs to appoint experts' committee for implementation of new education policy|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/nep-2020-maharashtra-cm-directs-to-appoint-experts-committee-for-implementation-of-new-education-policy/story-S00Tc3fZVGXdoLs1DZaoLN.html|access-date=2021-09-15|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Andhra Chief Minister Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy has directed officials of the Education Department to implement the National Education Policy 2020 in letter and spirit across the State.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2021-09-08|title=NEP 2020 will be implemented in letter and spirit: Jagan|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nep-2020-will-be-implemented-in-letter-and-spirit-jagan/article36351627.ece|access-date=2021-09-15|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Rajasthan Governor Kalraj Mishra said that NEP 2020 will be implemented in phased manner.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-07|title=NEP 2020 will be implemented in phased manner, says Rajasthan Governor Kalraj Mishra|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/raj-guv-says-new-education-policy-will-be-implemented-in-phased-manner/story-EdS2gZYQKtVW4oTNkq91nJ.html|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma said that NEP 2020 will be implemented from 1 April 2022.<ref>{{citation|title=NEP will be implemented in Assam from April 1, 2022|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/nep-will-be-implemented-in-assam-from-april-1-2022-cm-biswa-sarma-1843656-2021-08-21|website=Indian Today|author=Indian Today Web Desk|date=21 August 2021|access-date=2021-10-30}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[National Education Policy]]

{{Portal bar|Education|India}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |first1=P. S. |last1=Aithal |first2=Shubhrajyotsna |last2=Aithal |title= Analysis of Higher Education in Indian National Education Policy Proposal 2019 and Its Implementation Challenges |journal=International Journal of Applied Engineering and Management Letters |volume=3 |number=2 |year=2019 |ssrn=3417517 |pages=1–35 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3417517}}
* {{citation |first=Smriti |last=Malhotra |title=The Draft National Education Policy: ADistressingAttempt to Redefine India |journal=Journal of the Gujarat Research Society |volume=21 |number=11 |date=November 2019 |url=http://gujaratresearchsociety.in/index.php/JGRS/article/view/827/687}}
* {{citation |last=Maniar |first=Vikas |title=Overlooking the Idea of Common School in the Education Policy |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |date=14 September 2019 |volume=54 |number=37 |pages=18–19 |url=http://publications.azimpremjifoundation.org/2084/1/Overlooking%20the%20Idea%20of%20Common%20School%20in%20the%20Education%20Policy.pdf}}
*Puri, Natasha (30 August 2019). [https://ssrn.com/abstract=3472247 A Review of the National Education Policy of the Government of India - The Need for Data and Dynamism in the 21st Century]. SSRN.
* Jeebanlata Salam, [http://eprints.nias.res.in/1849/1/2019-JSalam-PeoplesChronicle.pdf Draft National Education Policy (NEP), 2019 and jingoistic nationalism], The People's Chronicle, 27 June 2019.
* {{cite journal |last1=Tilak |first1=Jandhyala B. G. |title=Promising but Perplexing Solutions: A Critique of the Draft National Education Policy 2019 |journal=Social Change |volume=49 |issue=4 |year=2019 |pages=686–712 |issn=0049-0857 |doi=10.1177/0049085719876831|s2cid=213369494 }}
* {{citation |last=Vedhathiri |first=Thanikachalam |title=Critical Assessment of Draft Indian National Education Policy 2019 with Respect to National Institutes of Technical Teachers Training and Research |journal=Journal of Engineering Education |volume=33 |date=January 2020 |url=http://journaleet.org/index.php/jeet/article/view/150069}}

==External links==
* {{Cite report |url=https://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/Draft_NEP_2019_EN_Revised.pdf |title=Draft New Education Policy 2020 |publisher=Minister of Human Resources Development}}
* {{Cite report |url=https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf |title=Final National Education Policy 2020 |publisher=Ministry of Human Resource Development}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.narendramodi.in/cabinet-approves-national-education-policy-2020-paving-way-for-transformational-reforms-in-school-and-higher-education-systems-in-the-country|title =Cabinet Approves National Education Policy 2020, paving way for transformational reforms in school and higher education systems in the country|date =29 July 2020 |website=NarendraModi.in|access-date=29 July 2020}}

[[Category:2020 in India]]
[[Category:Education policy in India]]
[[Category:Modi administration]]

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National Education Policy 2020