Speaker of the Lok Sabha

2023-03-06T16:28:40Z

2406:7400:51:67F0:BCF9:ED2:221:8022: robot: Creating/updating articles

{{short description|Presiding member of the lower house of the Parliament of India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Speaker
| body = the Lok Sabha
| native_name = {{lang|hi-Latn|Lok Sabhā Adhyakṣa}}
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize =
| flagborder = yes
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg
| insigniasize = 75px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India]]
| image = Om Birla (2021) (cropped).jpg
| imagesize =
| department = [[Lok Sabha]]
| incumbent = [[Om Birla]]
| incumbentsince = 19 June 2019
| style = [[The Honourable|The Hon’ble]] {{small|(formal)}} [[Mister|Mr. Speaker]] {{small|(informal)}}
| status = Chairman and presiding officer
| appointer = Members of the [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituting_instrument = Article 93 of the [[Constitution of India]]
| termlength = During the life of the Lok Sabha (five years maximum)
| residence = 20, [[Akbar Road]], [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Members : Lok Sabha |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4716 |website=164.100.47.194 |access-date=10 April 2021}}</ref>
| seat = 16, [[Parliament House (India)|Parliament House]], [[Sansad Marg]], New Delhi, Delhi, India
| inaugural = [[Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar]] {{small|(1952–1956)}}
| formation = 15 May 1952
| deputy = [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
| precursor = [[Constituent Assembly of India|President of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
| salary = {{big|•}} {{INRConvert|400000|lk=r}} ({{small|per month}}) 
{{big|•}} {{INRConvert|4800000|lk=r}} ({{small|annually}})
| website = {{URL|https://speakerloksabha.nic.in}}
| member_of = [[Lok Sabha]]
| reports_to = [[Parliament of India]]
}}
{{Politics of India}}
The '''speaker of the Lok Sabha''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: {{lang|hi-Latn|Lok Sabhā Adhyakṣa}}) is the [[Chairperson|presiding officer]] and the highest official of the [[Lok Sabha]], the [[lower house]] of the [[Parliament of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://speakerloksabha.nic.in/roleofthespeaker.asp|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> The speaker is elected generally in the first meeting of the Lok Sabha following general elections. Serving for a term of five years, the speaker is chosen from sitting members of the Lok Sabha.

== Election of the speaker ==
Newly elected Members of Parliament from the [[Lok Sabha]] elect the Speaker among themselves. The Speaker should be someone who understands how the Lok Sabha functions and he/she should be someone accepted among the ruling and opposition parties.

MPs propose a name to the ''Pro tem'' speaker. These names are notified to the President of India. The President through their aide Secretary-General notifies the election date. If only one name is proposed, the Speaker is elected without any formal vote. However, if more than one nomination is received, a division (vote) is called. MPs vote for their candidate on such a date notified by President. The successful candidate is elected as Speaker of the Lok Sabha until the next general election.Till now election of all lok sabha speakers has been unanimous<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/rules/rulep3.pdf|website=164.100.47.194|access-date=21 December 2018|title=Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://speakerloksabha.nic.in/roleofthespeaker.asp|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref>

==Powers and functions of the speaker==

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha conducts the business in house, and decides whether a bill is a [[money bill]] or not. They maintain discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for unruly behavior with respect to law after suspending them. They also permit the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions such as a [[motion of no confidence]], [[Adjournment debate|motion of adjournment]], [[motion of censure]] and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. The date of election of the Speaker is fixed by the [[President (government title)|President]]. Further, all comments and speeches made by members of the House are addressed to the Speaker. The Speaker also presides over the joint sitting of both houses of the [[Parliament of India]]. The counterpart of the Speaker in the [[Rajya Sabha]] (Council of the States) is its Chairperson; the [[Vice-President of India]] is the ''[[ex-officio]]'' chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. On the [[Indian order of precedence|order of precedence]], the Speaker of Lok Sabha ranks sixth, along with the [[Chief Justice of India]]. The Speaker is answerable to the House. Both the Speaker and Deputy Speaker may be removed by a resolution passed by the majority of the members. Lok Sabha Speaker can be elected by President on a nomination basis.

All bills passed requires the speaker's signature to go to the Rajya Sabha for its consideration. The Speaker also has a casting vote in the event of a tie. It is customary for the Presiding Officer to exercise the casting vote in such a manner as to maintain the status quo.[http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/FAQ.aspx]

==Removal of the speaker==
Speaker can be removed by the Lok Sabha by a resolution passed by effective majority of the house as per Constitution of India[Articles 94].

The Speaker is also removed on being disqualified for being [[Lok Sabha]] member under sections 7 and 8 of [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sections 7 & 8k, Representation of the People Act, 1951|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/representation%20of%20the%20people%20act,%201951.pdf|access-date=2 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501024716/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/representation%20of%20the%20people%20act,%201951.pdf|archive-date=1 May 2015}}</ref> This would arise out of speaker's wrong certification of a bill as money bill inconsistent with the definition given in [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Articles 110]] of the constitution.<ref>{{cite web|title= Aadhaar Act as Money Bill: Why the Lok Sabha isn't Immune from Judicial Review |url=http://thewire.in/34721/identity-of-the-aadhaar-act-supreme-court-and-the-money-bill-question/|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> When courts uphold the unconstitutional act of the speaker for wrong certification of a bill as money bill, it amounts to disrespecting the constitution deserving conviction under [[Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971]] which is applicable for disqualification of speaker's Lok Sabha membership under section 8K of Representation of the People Act, 1951. However, the omissions in the procedure committed by the speaker in the Lok Sabha can not be challenged in court of law per [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Article 122]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/61480953/|title=Interpretation of Article 122 by the Supreme Court|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>

==Pro tem speaker==
After a general election and formation of a new government, a list of senior [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha members]] prepared by the Legislative Section is submitted to the [[Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Minister of Parliamentary Affairs]], who selects a ''pro tem'' speaker. The appointment has to be approved by the President.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/lok-sabha-pro-tem-speaker-kamal-nath-parliament/1/365168.html|title=Pro tem Speaker: All you need to know about this parliamentary post|last=Ashok|first=Akash Deep|date=4 June 2014|publisher=India Today|access-date=21 September 2014}}</ref>

The first meeting after the election when the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are selected by members of the Parliament is held under the ''pro tem'' Speaker. In absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker acts as Speaker and in the absence of both a committee of six members selected by the Speaker will act as Speaker according to their seniority.

Eligiblilty for Speaker of the Lok Sabha include:

* Being a citizen of India;
* Not be less than 25 years of age;
* Not holding any office of profit under the [[Government of India]], or a [[State governments of India|state government]]; and
* Not being a Criminal Offender.

==List of speakers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}{{efn|A number in parentheses indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.}}
! scope="col" | Portrait
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Constituency]]
! colspan="3" scope="col" | Tenure<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|url=https://speakerloksabha.nic.in/frmspeaker.asp|access-date=14 October 2021|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in}}</ref>
! scope="col" | [[Lok Sabha]] ([[Lok Sabha Elections|election]])
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
|-
| style="height: 45px;" | 1
|[[File:G._V._Mavalankar.jpg|83x83px]]
| [[Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar]]
| [[Ahmedabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad]]
| 15 May 1952
| 27 February 1956
| {{Ayd|15 May 1952|27 February 1956}}
| rowspan="2" | [[1st Lok Sabha|1st]]
([[1951 Indian general election|1951 election]])
| rowspan="8" | [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="8" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| rowspan="2" style="height: 45px;" | 2
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | [[M. A. Ayyangar]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Chittoor (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittoor]]
| 8 March 1956
| 4 April 1957
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|8 March 1956|16 April 1962}}
|-
| 5 April 1957
| 31 March 1962
|[[2nd Lok Sabha|2nd]]
([[1957 Indian general election|1957 election]])
|-
| 3
|
| [[Hukam Singh (Punjab politician)|Hukam Singh]]
| [[Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patiala]]
| style="height: 45px;" | 17 April 1962
| 16 March 1967
| {{Ayd|17 April 1962|16 March 1967}}
|[[3rd Lok Sabha|3rd]]
([[1962 Indian general election|1962 election]])
|-
|4
|[[File:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.jpg|111x111px]]
|[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
|[[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupur]]
| style="height: 45px;" | 17 March 1967
| 19 July 1969
|{{Ayd|17 March 1967|19 July 1969}}
| rowspan="2" | [[4th Lok Sabha|4th]]
([[1967 Indian general election|1967 election]])
|-
| rowspan="2" style="height: 45px;" | 5
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Tarn Taran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tarn Taran]]
| 8 August 1969
| 17 March 1971
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|8 August 1969|27 November 1975}}
|-
| style="height: 45px;" | 22 March 1971
| 1 December 1975
| rowspan="2" |[[5th Lok Sabha|5th]]
([[1971 Indian general election|1971 election]])
|-
|6
|[[File:B.R. Bhagat in a meeting (cropped).png|75x75px]]
|[[Bali Ram Bhagat]]
|[[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]]
| style="height: 45px;" | 15 January 1976
| 25 March 1977
|{{Ayd|15 January 1976|25 March 1977}}
|-
| style="height: 45px;" | (4)
| [[File:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.jpg|111x111px]]
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| [[Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandyal]]
| 26 March 1977
| 13 July 1977
| {{Ayd|26 March 1977|13 July 1977}}
| rowspan="2" | [[6th Lok Sabha|6th]]
([[1977 Indian general election|1977 election]])

| rowspan="2" | [[Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|-
| style="height: 45px;" | 7
|[[File:K. S. Hegde.jpg|106x106px]]
| [[K. S. Hegde]]
| [[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]]
| 21 July 1977
| 21 January 1980
| {{Ayd|21 July 1977|21 January 1980}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 8
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Dr Balram Jakhar.jpg|98x98px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Balram Jakhar]]
| [[Ferozepur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ferozpur]]
| style="height: 45px;" | 22 January 1980
| 15 January 1985
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|22 January 1980|18 December 1989}}
| [[7th Lok Sabha|7th]]
([[1980 Indian general election|1980 election]])
| rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
| style="height: 45px;" | 16 January 1985
| 18 December 1989
| [[8th Lok Sabha|8th]]
([[1984 Indian general election|1984 election]])
|-
| style="height: 45px;" | 9
| [[File:Portrait of Rabi Ray.jpg|87x87px]]
| [[Rabi Ray]]
| [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
| 19 December 1989
| 9 July 1991
| {{Ayd|19 December 1989|9 July 1991}}
|[[9th Lok Sabha|9th]]
([[1989 Indian general election|1989 election]])
|[[Janata Dal]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|-
| style="height: 45px;" | 10
| [[File:Shivraj Patil.jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Shivraj Patil]]
| [[Latur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Latur]]
| 10 July 1991
| 22 May 1996
| {{Ayd|10 July 1991|22 May 1996}}
|[[10th Lok Sabha|10th]]
([[1991 Indian general election|1991 election]])
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| style="height: 45px;" | 11
| [[File:The former Lok Sabha Speaker Shri P.A. Sangma met the Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee in New Delhi on January 18, 2004 (cropped).png|75x75px]]
| [[P. A. Sangma]]
| [[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura]]
| 23 May 1996
| 23 March 1998
| {{Ayd|23 May 1996|23 March 1998}}
|[[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]
([[1996 Indian general election|1996 election]])
|-
| rowspan="2" style="height: 45px;" | 12
| rowspan="2" | [[File:G. M. C. Balayogi in New Delhi, India, 2001.jpg|112x112px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[G. M. C. Balayogi]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Amalapuram (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amalapuram]]
| 24 March 1998
| 19 October 1999
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|24 March 1998|1 March 2002}}
|[[12th Lok Sabha|12th]]
([[1998 Indian general election|1998 election]])
| rowspan="2" |[[Telugu Desam Party]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
|-
| 22 October 1999
| 3 March 2002
| rowspan="2" | [[13th Lok Sabha|13th]]
([[1999 Indian general election|1999 election]])
|- style="height: 45px;"
| 13
| [[File:Manohar Joshi cropped.jpg|75px]]
| [[Manohar Joshi]]
| [[Mumbai North Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North Central]]
| 10 May 2002
| 2 June 2004
| {{Ayd|10 May 2002|2 June 2004}}
| [[Shiv Sena]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|-
| 14
| [[File:The Speaker, Lok Sabha, Shri Somnath Chatterjee addressing a press conference, in New Delhi on February 27, 2009.jpg|75x75px]]
| [[Somnath Chatterjee]]
|[[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
| style="height: 45px;" | 4 June 2004
| 31 May 2009
| {{Ayd|4 June 2004|31 May 2009}}
| [[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]
([[2004 Indian general election|2004 election]])
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|-
|15
|[[File:The Speaker, Lok Sabha, Smt. Meira Kumar in 2010.jpg|95x95px]]
|[[Meira Kumar]]
| style="height: 45px;" | [[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]]
| 4 June 2009
| 4 June 2014
|{{Ayd|4 June 2009|4 June 2014}}
| [[15th Lok Sabha|15th]]
([[2009 Indian general election|2009 election]])
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| style="height: 45px;" | 16
| [[File:Sumitra Mahajan.jpg|88x88px]]
| [[Sumitra Mahajan]]
| [[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore]]
| 6 June 2014
| 17 June 2019
| {{Ayd|6 June 2014|17 June 2019}}
| [[16th Lok Sabha|16th]]
([[2014 Indian general election|2014 election]])
| rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
| style="height: 45px;" | 17
| [[File:Om Birla (2021) (cropped).jpg|104x104px]]
| [[Om Birla]]
| [[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
| 19 June 2019
| ''Incumbent''
| {{Ayd|19 June 2019}}
|[[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]
([[2019 Indian general election|2019 election]])
|}

{{Notelist}}

==See also==
*[[Vice President of India]] (Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha)
*[[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
*[[Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha]]
*[[Leader of the House in Lok Sabha]]
*[[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha]]
*[[Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha]]
*[[Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha]]
*[[Secretary General of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://speakerloksabha.nic.in}}
{{Speakers of the Lok Sabha}}
{{Parliament of India}}

[[Category:Lists of legislative speakers in India]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Lok Sabha|*]]
[[Category:Lists of political office-holders in India]]
[[Category:Lists of members of the Lok Sabha]]

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Speaker of the Lok Sabha