Bijnor district

2021-09-06T17:29:22Z

2405:204:A789:207C:0:0:16F3:A0: /* Religion */

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Bijnor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bijnor district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|District of Uttar Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Bijnor.svg
| map_caption = Location of Bijnor district in Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Bijnor
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Moradabad division|Moradabad]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Bijnor]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 4049
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 3,682,713
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census2011"/>
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 =
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = http://bijnor.nic.in/
}}
'''Bijnor district''' is one of the 75 [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|districts]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]]. [[Bijnor|Bijnor city]] is the district headquarters. The government of Uttar Pradesh seeks it to be included in [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region (NCR)]] due to its close proximity to [[Delhi|NCT]] of [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/up-seeks-to-include-6-districts-in-ncr/|title=UP seeks to include 6 districts in NCR|date=11 January 2015|website=indianexpress.com|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>

==History==
Bijnor district was created in 1817 out of part of [[Moradabad district]], and it was originally called '''Nagina district''' after its headquarters at [[Nagina]].<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Bijnor: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XIV Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1908 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=124–5 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.47996 |access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref> The headquarters was relocated to Bijnor in 1824, although the district was still called "Nagina district" until 1837, when it officially became known as Bijnor district.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

===Medieval history===
In 1399, the district was ravaged by [[Timur]]. Later, during the time of [[Akbar]], Bijnor was part of his [[Mughal Empire]]. In the early 18th century, the [[Rohilla]] [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]] established their independence in the area called by the [[Rohilkhand]]. Around 1748, the Rohilla chief [[Ali Mohammed Khan]] made his first annexations in Bijnor, the rest of which soon fell under the Rohilla domination. The northern districts were granted by [[Ali Mohammed Khan]] to Khurshid Ahmed Baig, who gradually extended his influence west of the [[Ganges]] and at [[Delhi]], receiving the title of [[Najib-ud-daula]] with the position of the paymaster of the Mughal forces. [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]]s invaded Bijnor who was also instigated by enemies of Rohillas, leading to several battles. Rohilla chief, Najib, who sided with [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah Abdali]] in [[Third Battle of Panipat|Panipat]], was made vizier of the empire.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Bijnor |volume=3 |pages=928–929}}</ref>

===Colonial era===
In 1772 the [[Nawab of Oudh]] made a treaty with the [[Rohilla]]s, to expel the [[Maratha]]s in return for a money payment. [[Nawab of Oudh]] carried out his part of the bargain, but the Rohilla chieftains refused to pay. In 1774 the Nawab concluded with the [[Honourable East India Company|East India Company]] government of [[Calcutta]] a treaty of alliance, and he then called upon the British, in accordance with its terms, to supply a brigade to assist him in enforcing his claims against the Rohillas. This was done; in the [[Rohilla War]], the Rohillas were driven beyond the Ganges to the east, and Bijnor was incorporated in the territories of the nawab, who in the same year (1774) ceded it to the [[British East India Company]]. During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|rebellion of 1857]] Bijnor was occupied by the nawab of [[Najibabad]], a grandson of [[Zabita Khan]], on 1 June. In spite of fighting between the [[Hindus]] and the Muslim Pashtuns, the [[Nawab]] succeeded in maintaining his position until 21 April 1858, when he was defeated by the British at [[Nagina]].<ref name=EB1911/>

==Geography ==
Bijnor, or more correctly Bijnaur, occupies the north-west corner of the [[Moradabad Division]] (historically, [[Rohilkhand]] or Bareilly region).
The western boundary is formed throughout by the deep stream of the river Ganges, beyond which lie the four districts of [[Dehradun]], Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, and Meerut. To the north and north-east in the hill country of [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]], the dividing line being the submontane road, which runs from Haridwar along the foot of the Himalayas to [[Ramnagar, Nainital|Ramnagar]], [[Haldwani]], and Tanakpur. This road, popularly known as the Kandi Saradk, belongs throughout its length to Garhwal, the transfer having taken place a few years since. On the east the Phika river for the greater part of its course constitutes the boundary, separating this district from Nainital and Moradabad, as far as its junction with the Ramganga; and to the south lie the Thakurdwara Tehsil of Moradabad. Amroha and Hasanpur tahsils of Amroha District. The boundary being conventional and undetermined by natural features. The extreme parallels of north latitude are 29° 2' and 29° 58' and of east longitude 78° 0' and 78° 57' from Lalitpur, the most northerly point, to koti Rao in the furthest eastern corner the distance in 56 miles (90 km); and from Koti Rao to Kamharia in the south-westerly angle 57 miles (92 km); and from Kamharia to Lalitpur 62 miles (100 km). The total area of the district is liable to change slightly from time to time by reason of the erratic action of the Ganges and Ramganga: In 1906 it amounted to 1,145,272 acres (1789.5 square miles, 4634.75 km²) the average for the last five years being 1,147,967 acres (4,645.66 km²).

There remains the low fringe of Khadir along the Ganges to the west. This generally resembles the lowlands that skirt the rivers of the interior, the low flats which adjoin the stream itself being purely alluvial in character, while above them rises a terrace of higher ground extending inland as far as the chain of stagnant [[Marsh|morasses]] lying immediately under the [[Khadir and Bangar|bangar]] cliff.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=7,76,308|13=1911|14=8,02,166|15=1921|16=7,36,765|17=1931|18=8,31,403|19=1941|20=9,05,793|21=1951|22=9,79,406|23=1961|24=11,84,306|25=1971|26=14,80,734|27=1981|28=19,27,023|29=1991|30=24,54,521|31=2001|32=31,31,619|33=2011|34=36,82,713|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Bijnor district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,682,713,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-uttarpradesh.php?adm2id=0903 | title = District in Uttar Pradesh |access-date = 19 June 2019 | year = 2019 | publisher = www.citypopulation.de}}</ref><ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Bijnor district |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=127477 |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=18 April 2021}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Liberia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population |url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Oklahoma]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=Oklahoma 3,751,351 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101090833/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=1 January 2011 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 74th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|808|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.64%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Bijnor has a [[sex ratio]] of 913 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 70.43%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Bijnor district<ref name="census2011"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|55.18}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|43.04}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhs]]|yellow|1.37}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.41}}
|caption=Distribution of religions<br />
†<small>Includes [[Jainism|Jains]] (0.17%), [[Christianity|Christians]] (0.17%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (<0.05%).</small>
}}

Majority of the people of the district follow [[Hinduism]] followed closely by adherents of [[Islam]]. [[Sikhism]] is followed by a little more than one percent of the population. [[Jainism]], [[Christianity]] and [[Buddhism]] have small number of adherents.<ref name=census2011/>

===Languages===
[[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] are the official languages.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=29 April 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 76.33% of the population of the district spoke [[Hindi]], 22.53% [[Urdu]] and 0.96% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] as their first language.<ref>{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=23 September 2019}}</ref>

==Administration==
===Politics===
The MP of Bijnor is [[Malook Nagar]]. He represents [[Bahujan Samaj Party]].

===Assembly constituencies===
Najibabad, Chandpur, [[Noorpur (Assembly constituency)|Noorpur]], [[Dhampur (Assembly constituency)|Dhampur]], [[Nagina (Assembly constituency)|Nagina]] (reserved), [[Bijnor (Assembly constituency)|Bijnor]], Barhapur, Nehtaur (Reserved)

==Settlements==
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}


===Urban===
* [[Bijnor]] city
* [[Dhampur]] city
* [[Chandouk|Chandok]]
* [[Nagina]] city
* [[Sherkot]] city
* [[Najibabad]] city
* [[Jhalu]] town
* [[Mandawar, Uttar Pradesh|Mandawar]] town
* [[Chandpur, Bijnor|Chandpur]] city
* [[Noorpur, Uttar Pradesh|Noorpur]] city
* [[Seohara]] city
* [[Haldaur]] city
* [[Sahaspur]] town
* [[Basi Kiratpur]]
* [[Nehtaur]]
* [[Ranipur, Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Afzalgarh]] city
{{Div col end}}

===Rural===

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Askaripur]]
* [[Bahupura]]
* [[Harewali]]
* [[Linderpur]]
* Jalilpur
* [[Mandawali]]
* [[Ratangarh, Bijnor|Ratangarh]]
* [[Raja Ka Tajpur|Tajpur]]
* [[Pakhanpur]]
* [[Sahanpur]]
* [[Shahzadpur]]
* [[Umri, Jalaun|Umri]] village
{{Div col end}}

==Notable people==


*[[Najib ad-Dawlah]], Mughal serviceman and founder of [[Najibabad]]
*[[Vishal Bhardwaj]], film director and producer
*[[Bakht Khan]], Indian rebel chief associated with [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
*[[Dushyant Kumar]], Hindi-language poet
*[[Jagdish Prasad Mathur]], politician
*[[Prakash Mehra]], film director and producer
*[[Shadab Nazar]], first-class cricketer
*[[Hamid Afaq Qureshi]], historian
*[[Azizur Rahman (politician)|Azizur Rahman]], politician
*[[Munshiram Singh]], politician
*[[Virendra Singh (physicist)|Virendra Singh]], Indian physicist
*[[Yashvir Singh]], politician and member of [[15th Lok Sabha]]
*[[Suchi (politician)|Suchi]], politician
*[[Ruchi Veera]], politician
*[[Rahul Chaudhari]], professional [[kabaddi]] player, gold medal winner in the [[2016 South Asian Games]] as member of [[India national kabaddi team]]
*[[Bharatendra Singh]], politician, member of [[16th Lok Sabha]] (2014-2019) as a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://bijnor.nic.in Bijnor website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Bijnor district
|North = [[Haridwar district]], [[Uttarakhand]]
|Northeast = [[Pauri Garhwal district]], Uttarakhand
|East = [[Nainital district]], Uttarakhand <br /> [[Udham Singh Nagar district]], Uttarakhand
|Southeast = [[Moradabad district]]
|South = [[Jyotiba Phule Nagar district]]
|Southwest = [[Meerut district]]
|West = [[Muzaffarnagar district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Coord|29|25|N|78|31|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd|display=title}}

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Bijnor district