Maurawan

2021-08-22T06:08:39Z

2405:204:A58E:E6B7:1F9A:2962:7571:96B0:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Maurawan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Mauranwan
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.43|N|80.88|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Unnao district|Unnao]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Nagar Panchayat head
| leader_name = Neetu Shukla s/o KD Shukla
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 121
| population_total = 15484
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 209821
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 05142
| registration_plate =
 
| website = maurawan-unnao
| footnotes =
}}
'''Maurawan''', also spelled '''Mauranwan''', is a town and [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Purwa]] tehsil of [[Unnao district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Unnao, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=36-55, 525-44 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/UPA.html |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> It is located 12 km from Purwa<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Unnao |date=1982 |page=15, 348-51 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1294/1/28561_1981_UNN.pdf |access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> on the road to [[Raebareli]], and 3 km to the southwest of the town is the large Basaha lake.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979">{{cite book |last1=Baghel |first1=Amar Singh |title=Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Unnao |date=1979 |publisher=Government Press |location=Rampur |page=261 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.2864 |access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="Gazetteer 1903">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Unao: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXXVIII Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1903 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=121, 196-202 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.08713/page/212 |access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> As of 2011, its population is 15,484, in 2,399 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

Maurawan hosts a large [[Dussehra]] fair on [[Ashvin (month)|Asvina]] Sudi 10 each year.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (37 - Unnao District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=i, 9, 127, 130, 133, 152-3, 158, cxiv-cxv of section "Purwa Tahsil", cxxvi-cxxvii |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1040/1/21887_1961_UNN.pdf |access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> Vendors bring wooden products, metal utensils, [[earthenware]] pots, cloth, toys, and other items to sell at the fair.<ref name="Census 1961"/> The town hosts a market twice per week, on Wednesdays and Saturdays; grain, cloths, and vegetables are the main items sold.<ref name="Census 1961"/> The main crops grown here are wheat, barley, gram, [[juwar]], paddy, and pulses, while irrigation is provided mainly by a canal and by lakes.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/>

==History==
Maurawan is said to have been founded by a [[Surajbansi]] Chhatri named Umraj Dhuj.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> It was historically the seat of a [[pargana]] since at least the time of [[Akbar]]; the late-16th century [[Ain-i-Akbari]] lists it as having a brick fort and being held by the [[Bais (Rajput clan)|Bais]] Rajputs.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

Maurawan was held as a [[Taluqdar|taluqa]] beginning in the 1800s by a [[Seth]] family descended from one Guran Mal, from [[Agra]] who had originally been invited by [[Rao Mardan Singh]] of [[Daundia Khera]] to act as the banker and accountant for the family estates.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> (The date when this happened is unclear; Guran Mal had previously been in the service of [[Saadat Ali Khan I]], the Mughal [[Nawab of Awadh|governor of Awadh]], but it isn't clear if he remained in this position until Saadat Ali Khan died in 1739 or if he had gone to Daundia Khera before then.)<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Guran Mal's son, Hirde Ram, later got into a financial dispute with Rao Mardan Singh's successor, [[Raghunath Singh]], over the rate charged for his services.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Raghunath Singh refused to pay more than 12%, a rate which Hirde Ram balked at, saying that he charged all other customers 36% and that the 24% rate he was currently charging Raghunath Singh was already a bargain.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Hirde Ram became concerned for his safety and left Daundia Khera at night.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> He settled down outside Maurawan at a place known as Daya Ram's Katra (a name which was no longer in use by the turn of the 20th century) and established himself as not only a banker and moneylender, but also a merchant of cotton, spices, and cloth from [[Mirzapur]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> He was later appointed treasurer to the Nazim of [[Baiswara]], a lucrative post which further contributed to his growing wealth and power.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

Hirde Ram's grandson [[Chandan Lal]], who took over after Hirde Ram died, was the one who founded the Maurawan taluqa.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> He is first mentioned in 1810 as the proprietor of three villages in the area, and over the next 40 years he gradually increased his estate.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> In 1850, however, he got into a dispute with the nazim, and he ended up resigning his position as treasurer in frustration.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> His estate was then confiscated and given instead to his rival, [[Ram Baksh Singh|Rao Ram Bakhsh Singh]] of Daundia Khera, but Chandan Lal's followers in each village resisted this order and prevented Ram Bakhsh from assuming effective control of the villages.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Chandan Lal sought the intervention of the [[King of Awadh]] and persuaded him to order the nazim to restore Chandan Lal's property to him.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> In the end, Chandan Lal was only dispossessed for two and a half months.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> He died in 1854 at the age of 82.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

Chandan Lal's favourite son, Gauri Shankar, had already taken over much of his father's responsibilities before his death.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> He found favour with the Brisith after siding with them during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], and he was later promoted to the title of [[Raja]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> The taluqa was divided into 8 different estates during his lifetime after the death of his brother Kanhaiya Lal.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

At the turn of the 20th century, Maurawan was described as "a large country town", surrounded by groves of [[Madhuca longifolia|mahua]] and [[mango]] trees and with two mosques and nine Hindu temples.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> The town was noted for its [[jewellery]] and [[carpentry]] and had a police station, a [[caravanserai|sarai]], a [[dispensary]], and two schools.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

Maurawan was declassified as a town during the [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] due to non-fulfilment of urban conditions,<ref name="Census 1961"/> although part of it was still administered as a town area.<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/> Accordingly, the 1961 census listed statistics for two separate entities: Maurawan and Maurawan Town Area.<ref name="Census 1961"/> The total population of Maurawan was 7,117 people: 6,498 in Maurawan Town Area and 619 in Maurawan (non-Town Area).<ref name="Census 1961"/> The Town Area had a population of 3,533 males and 2,965 females, in 1,030 households and 919 physical houses; the non-Town Area had a population of 336 males and 313 females, in 105 households and 96 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961"/> The Town Area covered an area of 2,890 [[acre]]s, while the non-Town Area's area was not given due to being "partly included in the rural Town Area Maurawan".<ref name="Census 1961"/> At that time, the town of Maurawan had a police force of 2 sub-inspectors, 1 head constable, and 14 constables; it had two government-run dispensaries as well.<ref name="Census 1961"/> K.N.P.N. Inter College in Maurawan, founded in 1898, had a faculty of 21 teachers (all male) and a student body of 520 (also all male) in 1961.<ref name="Census 1961"/> Average attendance of the Dussehra festival was 10,000 people, and average attendance of the twice-weekly market was 1,000.<ref name="Census 1961"/> Maurawan had the following small industrial establishments at the time: 1 [[grain mill]], 2 places producing edible fats and/or oils, 13 miscellaneous [[food processing]] facilities, 1 manufacturer of (non-chewing) [[tobacco]] products, 10 garment makers, 1 [[tannery]], 18 [[bicycle repair shop]]s, 1 place assembling and/or repairing [[watch]]es and/or [[clock]]s, 6 manufacturers of [[jewellery]] or precious metal items, and 6 makers and/or repairers of other goods.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

During Maurawan's classification as a village, it was administered as part of the [[community development block]] of [[Hilauli]], and it was also part of the Hilauli [[nyaya panchayat]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1979"/> Maurawan was reclassified as a town for the [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]].<ref name="Census 1981"/>

==Geography==
Maurawan is located at {{Coord|26.43|N|80.88|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Maurawan.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Maurawan]</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|121|m}}. Maurawan is {{convert|55|km}} from [[Lucknow]], {{convert|42|km}} from [[Unnao]], {{convert|45|km}} from Rai Baraily and {{convert|62|km}} from [[Kanpur]]. The nearest airport is Lucknow.

The mosques & temples of the Goddess [Jama Masjid] [Firdausi Masjid] [Durga] [Bankhandi devi], venerated places in the area around Maurawan. Not only those from Maurawan but also residents of other districts come to visit this sacred location.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations
| align = left
| source = 2011 Census of India<ref name="Census 2011"/>
| 1921 | 6221
| 1931 | 7381
| 1941 | 7622
| 1951 | 7108
| 1961 | Not given
| 1971 | Not given
| 1981 | 10372
| 1991 | 12101
| 2001 | 14063
| 2011 | 15484
}}
According to the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]], Maurawan has a population of 15,484 people, in 2,399 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The town's [[sex ratio]] is 916 females to every 1000 males; 8,081 of Maurawan's residents are male (52.2%) and 7,403 are female (47.8%).<ref name="Census 2011"/> The 0-6 age group makes up about 12.7% of the town's population; among this group, the sex ratio is 918, which is higher than the district urban average of 903.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Members of [[Scheduled Castes]] make up 12.37% of the town's population and members of [[Scheduled Tribes]] make up 0.57%.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The town's [[literacy rate]] was 68.8% (counting only people age 7 and up); literacy was higher among men and boys (73.2%) than among women and girls (64.1%).<ref name="Census 2011"/> The scheduled castes literacy rate is 62.3% (71.3% among men and boys, and 52.6% among women and girls).<ref name="Census 2011"/>

In terms of employment, 19.9% of Maurawan residents were classified as main workers (i.e. people employed for at least 6 months per year) in 2011.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Marginal workers (i.e. people employed for less than 6 months per year) made up 9.1%, and the remaining 71.1% were non-workers.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Employment status varied heavily according to gender, with 48.0% of men being either main or marginal workers, compared to only 8.2% of women.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

14.2% of Maurawan residents live in [[slum]] conditions as of 2011.<ref name="Census 2011"/> There are 4 slum areas in Maurawan: Shivpura/Bakhri/D... (name cut off), Chamaran Tola, Kazigarhi East, and Beniganj (the largest).<ref name="Census 2011"/> These range in size from about 80 to 100 households and have between 6 and 8 [[tap water]] access points.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The number of [[flush toilet]]s installed in people's homes ranges from 0 in Beniganj to 32 in Shivpura/Bakhri/D...; Beniganj also has 5 households using pit-system toilets.<ref name="Census 2011"/> All 4 areas are serviced by [[open sewer]]s.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Unnao district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Unnao district]]

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Maurawan