SMART (missile)

2022-01-11T15:35:43Z

2405:201:E021:40C8:F895:AC51:6D3F:C766: Updated image

{{Short description|Long range anti submarine missile}}
{{Infobox weapon
| is_missile = yes
| name = SMART
| image = Supersonic missile assisted torpedo (SMART) system successfully launched.jpg
| image_size = 200
| caption = SMART launched from [[Integrated Test Range]]
| origin = [[India]]
| type = [[Anti-submarine missile]]
| used_by = [[Indian Navy]]
| designer= [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
| design_date= 2018–19
| manufacturer =
| unit_cost =
| production_date =
| service =
| engine = '''Missile:''' Two-[[Multistage rocket|stage]] [[solid rocket]] <br/>'''Torpedo:''' Electric
| propellant = [[Solid fuel]] + [[silver zinc battery]]
| weight =
| length =
| height =
| diameter =
| wingspan =
| speed =
| vehicle_range = {{cvt|643|km}} + {{cvt|20|km}}
| ceiling =
| altitude =
| filling = [[High explosives]]
| filling_weight = {{cvt|50|kg}}
| guidance = '''Mid-course:''' [[Inertial navigation system]] with [[mid-course update]] via [[datalink]] <br/>'''Terminal:''' [[Acoustic homing]] (active/passive)
| detonation =
| launch_platform =
* 8 × 8 [[BEML Limited|BEML]]-[[Tatra (company)|Tatra]] [[transporter erector launcher|TEL]]
* [[Surface combatant|Surface ship]]
}}

'''SMART''' ('''Supersonic Missile Assisted Release of Torpedo''') is a canister-based, long-range [[anti-submarine missile]] developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) for the [[Indian Navy]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=India successfully tests long-range Supersonic Missile Assisted Torpedo off Balasore coasts|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-tests-long-range-supersonic-missile-off-balasore-coasts-101639390685661.html|access-date=2021-12-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

== Description ==
SMART is a canisterised hybrid system, made up of long-range missile carrier that can travel at [[supersonic speed]] and a lightweight torpedo as payload for [[anti-submarine warfare]] (ASW) role. The objective behind the project is to develop a quick reaction system that can launch torpedo from [[standoff distance]].<ref name="theprint"/> The missile has a range of 643 km (400 mi) carrying a light weight torpedo of range 20 km (12.5 mi) with 50 kg [[high explosive]] warhead.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lendon|first=Brad|date=7 October 2020|title=India tests long-range anti-submarine missile|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/06/asia/indian-anti-submarine-missile-ml-intl-hnk-scli/index.html|access-date=2021-12-17|website=CNN}}</ref> SMART uses two-way data link connected to airborne or ship based submarine detection and identification systems.<ref name="theprint">{{Cite web|last=Dutta|first=Amrita Nayak|date=2020-10-07|title=The SMART torpedo system and why DRDO is calling it 'game changer' in anti-submarine warfare|url=https://theprint.in/defence/the-smart-torpedo-system-and-why-drdo-is-calling-it-game-changer-in-anti-submarine-warfare/518428/|access-date=2021-12-17|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> SMART can be launched from a surface ship or a truck-based coastal battery.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 October 2020|title=India successfully tests Supersonic Missile assisted release of Torpedo|url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-successfully-tests-supersonic-missile-assisted-release-of-torpedo-332608|access-date=2021-12-17|website=WION|publisher=Zee Media Corporation}}</ref><ref name="rediff">{{cite web|date=5 October 2020|title=India test-fires SMART torpedo to target submarines|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/india-test-fires-smart-torpedo-to-target-submarines/20201005.htm|access-date=2021-12-17|website=Rediff}}</ref> The missile delivery system was developed jointly by [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory|Defence Research Development Laboratory]] (DRDL) and [[Research Centre Imarat]] (RCI). [[Naval Science and Technological Laboratory]] (NSTL) developed the autonomous lightweight torpedo and associated technologies such as detonation mechanism, underwater guidance and [[underwater thruster]]. [[Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment]] (ADRDE) developed the velocity reduction mechanism that act before releasing an autonomous lightweight torpedo towards the designated target. SMART is part of fusion project to combine technologies of institutions dealing with land and naval based armaments.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rout|first1=Hemant Kumar|date=5 October 2020|title=In major breakthrough, India successfully tests supersonic missile-assisted release of torpedo|publisher=The New Indian Express|agency=PTI|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/oct/05/in-major-breakthrough-india-successfully-tests-supersonic-missile-assisted-release-of-torpedo-2206076.html|access-date=2020-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=5 October 2020|title=DRDO's SMART missile could be trump card against China's submarines|publisher=The Week|agency=PTI|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/10/05/explainer-drdo-smart-missile-could-be-trump-card-against-china-submarines.html|access-date=2020-10-05}}</ref> [[High Energy Materials Research Laboratory]] (HEMRL) developed the insensitive explosive formulations for naval warhead.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 December 2021|title=Insensitive explosive compositions for Naval warheads|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/technology-cluster-links/labs-products-detail/1724/177|access-date=2021-12-17|website=Defence Research and Development Organization}}</ref> [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) in 2018–19 annual report mentioned that DRDO started the development and demonstration of missile assisted release of light weight torpedo for ASW role. The ejection trial was done using [[Advanced Light Torpedo Shyena]].<ref name="theweek">{{Cite web|date=5 October 2020|title=Explainer: DRDO’s SMART missile could be trump card against China’s submarines|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/10/05/explainer-drdo-smart-missile-could-be-trump-card-against-china-submarines.html|access-date=2021-12-17|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2018-19 |url=https://www.mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/MoDAR2018.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Defence, Government of India |access-date=2021-12-17}}</ref>

SMART provides Indian Navy the capability to target enemy submarines at extremely long standoff ranges.<ref name="theprint"/> The missile is powered by dual stage [[solid-propellant rocket]] and electro-mechanical [[actuator]]s for higher degree of automation. The in-flight guidance uses [[inertial navigation system]] (INS) with [[Real-time computing|real-time]] course correction and target update mechanism while the missile fly at low altitude to decrease detection rate.<ref name="rediff"/><ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web|author=Manjeet Negi|date=2021-12-13|title=DRDO successfully tests long-range 'Supersonic Missile Assisted Release of Torpedo' - Science News|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/drdo-long-range-supersonic-missile-assisted-release-of-torpedo-test-navy-defence-1887232-2021-12-13|access-date=2021-12-15|website=India Today}}</ref> SMART is similar in concept to the now cancelled [[UUM-125 Sea Lance]] from [[Boeing]].<ref name="theweek"/> The system is under-development due to increasing deployment of submarines by [[People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force]] (PLANSF) in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), rapid modernization of naval assets by [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] (PLAN) and building of Chinese overseas military bases in Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Unnithan|first=Sandeep|date=15 October 2018|title=China positions submarine and rescue vehicle in Indian Ocean|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/china-positions-submarine-and-rescue-vehicle-in-the-indian-ocean-1368286-2018-10-15|access-date=2021-12-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities—Background and Issues for Congress |url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RL33153.pdf |publisher=Congressional Research Service |access-date=2021-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=George|first=Steve|last2=Lendon|first2=Brad|date=14 March 2018|title='Weaponizing capital': US worries over China's expanding role in Africa|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/09/asia/djibouti-port-china-us-intl/index.html|access-date=2021-12-17|website=CNN}}</ref>

== Trials ==
[[File:S.M.A.R.T.webm|thumb|SMART launched from [[Integrated Test Range]]]]

=== First trial ===
The first successful test of SMART was done on 5 October 2020 from [[Abdul Kalam Island]]. This was part of demonstration test to check missile flight for maximum range and altitude, separation of the nose cone, release of torpedo and deployment of velocity reduction mechanism.<ref name="rediff"/>

=== Second trial ===
On 13 December 2021, the second test of SMART was conducted successfully from [[Integrated Test Range]] (ITR), Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=India successfully test-fires supersonic missile assisted torpedo in Odisha|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-successfully-tests-supersonic-missile-assisted-torpedo-in-odisha-11639388969736.html|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Mint|language=en}}</ref> The entire trajectory was monitored by the electro-optic telemetry system, various range [[radar]]s including the downrange instrumentation and downrange ships. The missile carried a torpedo, parachute delivery system and release mechanisms.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kulkarni|first=Sushant|date=2021-12-13|title=Successful flight test of supersonic missile-assisted torpedo release system conducted|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/successful-flight-test-of-supersonic-missile-assisted-torpedo-release-system-conducted-7671007/|access-date=2021-12-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[RUM-139 VL-ASROC]]
*[[Type 07 Vertical Launch Anti-submarine rocket]]
*[[RPK-6 Vodopad/RPK-7 Veter]]
*[[Hong Sang Eo]]
*[[RPK-2 Vyuga]]
*[[UUM-125 Sea Lance]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Defence Research and Development Organisation}}

[[Category:Anti-submarine missiles]]

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SMART (missile)