List of works by C. Rajagopalachari

2021-07-31T09:49:16Z

2405:201:D005:D9F4:F858:93EF:A52:1655: /* Literary works */

{{Infobox person
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
| honorific-suffix =
| image = C. Rajagopalachari 1948.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1878|12|10}}
| birth_place = [[Salem district]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1972|12|25|1878|12|10}}
| death_place = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
}}

{{Rajaji}}
[[Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]] (10 December 1878 – 25 December 1972), informally called '''Rajaji''' or '''C.R.''', was an Indian lawyer, [[Indian independence activist]], politician, writer, politician and leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] who served as the last [[Governor-General of India]]. He served as the [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu#Madras Presidency|Chief Minister or Premier of the Madras Presidency]], [[Governor of West Bengal]], Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu#Madras State|prime minister of Madras]]. He was the founder of the [[Swatantra Party]] and the first recipient of India's highest civilian award, the [[Bharat Ratna]]. Rajaji vehemently opposed the usage of [[nuclear weapons]] and was a proponent of world peace and disarmament. He was also nicknamed the '''Mango of Salem'''.

==Literary works==

===In Tamil===

Rajaji was an accomplished writer both in his mother tongue Tamil, and English. In 1922, he published a book ''Siraiyil Tavam'' (Meditation in jail) which was a day-to-day diary about his first imprisonment from 21 December 1921 to 20 March 1922.<ref name="Indianliterturep1018">{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2|page=1018|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1988|isbn=978-81-260-1194-0}}</ref> In 1958, he was awarded the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Tamil language|Tamil]] for his retelling of the Ramayana – ''Chakravarti Thirumagan''.<ref name=sahitya>[http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10320.htm#tamil Tamil Sahitya Akademi Awards 1955–2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080818093514/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10320.htm |date=18 August 2008 }} [[Sahitya Akademi]] Official website.</ref>

In 1916, Rajaji started the Tamil Scientific Terms Society.<ref name="passionsofthetongue_brahmandevotee">{{cite book|title=Passions of the Tongue:Language Devotion in Tamil Nadu, 1891–1970|first=Sumathi|last=Ramaswamy|year=1997|publisher=University of California|url=http://escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft5199n9v7&chunk.id=s1.5.24&toc.depth=1&toc.id=ch5&brand=ucpress}}</ref> This society coined new words in Tamil for terms connected to botany, chemistry, physics, astronomy and mathematics.<ref name="passionsofthetongue_brahmandevotee" /> At about the same time, he called for Tamil to be introduced as the medium of instruction in schools.<ref name="passionsofthetongue_brahmandevotee" />

===In English===

Rajaji was the founder of the Salem Literary Society and regularly participated in its meetings in which he suggested introducing scholarships for [[Dalit]] students.<ref name="srbakship2">[[#Bakshi|Bakshi]], Pg 2</ref> He also edited [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s newspaper ''Young India''.<ref name="srbakship2" />

In 1951, Rajaji wrote an abridged retelling of the [[Mahabharata]] in English, followed by one of the [[Ramayana]] in 1957.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} Earlier, in 1955, he had translated [[Kambar (poet)|Kambar]]'s Tamil Ramayana into English. In 1965, he translated the [[Thirukkural]] into English.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} He also wrote books on the [[Bhagavad Gita]], the [[Upanishads]], [[Socrates]], and [[Marcus Aurelius]] in English.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} Rajaji often regarded his literary works as the best service he had rendered to the people.<ref name="wisestman_thehindu">{{cite news|title=The wisest man in India|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/12/22/stories/2002122200650300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040316104620/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/12/22/stories/2002122200650300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 March 2004|first=Ramachandra|last=Guha|author-link=Ramachandra Guha|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 December 2002}}</ref> In 1958, he established the [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]].

==Musical compositions==

Apart from his literary works, Rajaji also composed a devotional song ''[[Kurai Onrum Illai]]'' devoted to [[Lord Krishna]].<ref name="collaborators_thehindu">{{cite news|title=Rajaji's unknown collaborator|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/12/22/stories/2002122200220100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031107022659/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/12/22/stories/2002122200220100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 November 2003|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 December 2002}}</ref> This song was set to music and is a regular in most [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] [[concerts]]. Rajaji composed a benediction hymn which was sung by [[M. S. Subbulakshmi]] at the United Nations General Assembly in 1967.<ref name="chennaionline_kuraionrunillai">{{cite web|title=Kurai Onrum Illai|url=http://archives.chennaionline.com/musicnew/thamizhsongs/2004/song17.asp|publisher=Chennai Online|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125063554/http://archives.chennaionline.com/musicnew/thamizhsongs/2004/song17.asp|archive-date=25 January 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Rajaji was also a strong advocate of [[Tamil music]] and lent his support to the [[Tamil music movement]] of the 1940s.<ref name="passionsofthetongue_brahmandevotee" />

==List of works==
;— Tamil —
{{Refbegin|2}}
{|
|-
| * சிறையில் தவம் || ''Siraiyil Tavam'' || || 1922
|-
|* ஸோக்ரதர் அல்லது || ''Sōkratar, allatu, Cattiyākkiraka vijayam'' ||Cātu Accukkūṭam || 1922
|-
| * தம்பி வா||''Tampī! vā!''||Rōccars and Cans Limited|| 1939
|-
| * ஆத்ம சிந்தனை|| ''Ātma cintan̲ai'' || Pārati Patippakam || 1954
|-
| * துறவி லாரென்ஸ்||''Tur̲avi Lāren̲s''||Campā Nūlakam||1957
|-
| * நிரந்தரச் செல்வம் || ''Nirantarac celvam'' || Pārati Patippakam || 1963
|-
| * திருமூலர் தவமொழி || ''Tirumūlar tavamol̲i'' || Pārati Patippakam || 1964
|-

!Translations
|-
| * வியாசர் விருந்து ||''Viyācar viruntu'' || Tamil̲ppaṇṇai || 1946
|-
|* திண்ணை இரசாயனம் || ''Tiṇṇai Racāyaṉam'' || || 1946
|-
| * கைவிளக்கு || ''Kaivilakku'' || Thirumakal || 1958
|-
| * சக்கரவர்த்தி திருமகன் || || || 1958
|-
| * கடோபநிஷத்துப் பொருள் விளக்கம் || ''Kaṭōpaniṣattu: poruḷ viḷakkam'' || Pāratīya vityā pavan̲, Cen̲n̲aik kin̲ai || 1962
|}

{{Refend}}
;- English –
{{refbegin|3}}
*''India's flag'' (1923, Ganesh)
*''Indian Prohibition Manual'' (1930)
*''Plighted word'' (1933, Servants of Untouchables Society)
*''The way out'' (1943, Oxford University Press)
*''The impending fast of Mahatma Gandhi: the issues explained'' (1944, Servants of Untouchables Society)
*''Reconciliation, why and how: a plea for immediate action'' (1945, Hind Kitabs)
*''Ambedkar Refuted'' (1946, Hind Kitabs)
*''The fatal cart and other stories''(1946, Hindustan Times)
*''Vedanta, the basic culture of India (1949)
*''The Indian communists'' (1955, Cultural Books)
*''The good administrator'' (1955, Government of India)
*''Our democracy and other essays'' (1957, B.G. Paul & Co.)
*''Mankind protests: a collection of speeches and statements on atomic warfare and test explosions'' (1957, All India Peace Council)
*''Satyam eva jayate: a collection of articles contributed to Swarajya and other journals from 1956 to 1961, Volume 1'' (1961, Bharathan Publications)
*''Hinduism, doctrine and way of life'' (1959, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)
*''The Art of translation: a symposium'' (1962, Government of India)
*''The question of English'' (1962, Bharathan Publications)
*''Our Culture'' (1963, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)
*''Gandhiji's teachings and philosophy'' (1963, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)
*''Swatantra answer to Chinese Communist challenge'' (1964)
*''English for unity'' (1965, Bharathan Publications)
*''The unification of cultures: being an address delivered at the Indian Institute of World Culture on 18 August 1966, under Major-General S.L. Bhatia Endowment Lectureship'' (1966)
*''Stories for the innocent'' (1967, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)
*''Bharati, the Tamil poet'' (Bharathi Tamil Sangam)
{{refend}}
;Translations
{{refbegin|3}}
*''Bhagavad-gita abridged and explained: setting forth the Hindu creed, discipline and ideals'' (1949, Hindustan Times)
*''Mahabharatha'' (1951, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)
*''Sri Ramakrishna Upanishad'' (1953, Sri Ramakrishna Math)
* ''[[Ramayana (C. Rajagopalachari)|Ramayana]]'' (1957, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)
*''Bhaja Govindam'' (1965, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)
*''Kural: the great book of Tiru-Valluvar'' (1965, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan)
{{refend}}

==Notes==

{{reflist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajagopalachari, C.}}
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:Works by Indian people]]

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List of works by C. Rajagopalachari