Vasishthiputra Pulumavi

2021-10-06T07:41:21Z

2405:201:C01B:795A:F530:294B:DBC8:F974: /* Nashik Pandavleni Caves */Fixed typo

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| image = [[File:Satavahanas. Sri Vasisthiputra Pulumavi.jpg|300px]] [[File:Vasishthiputra Pulumavi coin legend.jpg|300px]]
| alt = Satavahana
| caption = Bilingual coinage of Sri Vasishthiputra Pulumavi in [[Prakrit]] and [[Dravidian language|Dravidian]], and transcription of the obverse [[Prakrit]] legend. '''Obverse:''' Portrait of the king. Legend in [[Prakrit]] in the [[Brahmi script]] (starting at 12 o'clock): '''𑀭𑀜𑁄 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀧𑀼𑀎𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀲''' ''Raño Vāsiṭhiputasa Siri-Puḷumāvisa'' "Of King Lord Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi" '''Reverse:''' [[Ujjain]] and [[Arched-hill symbol|arched-hill]] symbols. Legend in [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] (close to [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]]),<ref name="Sircar113">{{cite book |last1=Sircar |first1=D. C. |title=Studies in Indian Coins |date=2008 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |isbn=9788120829732 |page=113 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1JYwP5tVQUC&pg=PA113 |language=en}}</ref> and the Dravidian script,<ref name="Sircar113"/> similar to the Brahmi script<ref name="AEX"/> (starting at 12 o'clock): '''𑀅𑀭𑀳𑀡𑀓𑀼 𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀣𑀺 𑀫𑀸𑀓𑀡𑀓𑀼 𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀼 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀓𑀼''' ''Arahaṇaku Vāhitti Mākaṇaku Tiru Pulumāviku''<ref>{{cite book |title=Epigraphia Āndhrica |date=1969 |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |page=XV |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ek5mAAAAMAAJ&q=Arahanaku+Vahitti+Makanaku+Tiru+Pulumaviku&dq=Arahanaku+Vahitti+Makanaku+Tiru+Pulumaviku |language=en}}</ref> or: ''Aracanaku Vācitti Makaṇaku Tiru Pulumāviku''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nākacāmi |first1=Irāmaccantiran̲ |last2=Nagaswamy |first2=R. |title=Tamil Coins: A Study |date=1981 |publisher=Institute of Epigraphy, Tamilnadu State Department of Archaeology |page=132 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VjsfAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref> "Of King Tiru Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi"<ref name="AEX">"The Sātavāhana issues are uniscriptural, Brahmi but bilingual, Prākrit and Telugu." in {{cite book |title=Epigraphia Andhrica |date=1975 |page=x |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D7u1AAAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref>
| succession = [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana King]]
| reign = 1st and 2nd century CE
| predecessor = [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]]
| successor = [[Vashishtiputra Satakarni]]
| dynasty = [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana]]
| father = [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]]
}}
'''Vasishthiputra Pulumavi''' ([[Brahmi]]: '''𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢 𑀧𑀼𑀎𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺''', ''Vāsiṭhiputa Puḷumāvi'', {{IAST3|Vāsiṣṭhiputra Śrī Pulumāvi}}) was a [[Satavahana]] king, and the son of [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]].<ref name="usingh">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Upinder|title=A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century|date=2008|publisher=Pearson Education|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788131711200|page=381|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC|access-date=11 April 2016}}</ref> The new consensus for his reign is ca. 85-125 CE,<ref>Bhandare, Shailendra, (1999). Historical Analysis of the Satavahana Era: A study of Coins, University of Mumbai, pp. 168-178.</ref><ref>Shimada, Akira, (2012). Early Buddhist Architecture in Context: The Great Stupa at Amaravati (ca 300 BCE - 300 CE), Brill, p. 52.</ref><ref>von Hinuber, Oskar, (2016). "Buddhist Texts and Buddhist Images: New Evidence from Kanaganahalli (Karnataka/India)", ARIRIAB Vol. XIX (March 2016), p. 15.</ref> although it was earlier dated variously: 110–138 CE<ref name="SEA_2001">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MBuPx1rdGYIC&pg=PA166 |title=Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History |editor=Susan E. Alcock |editor-link=Susan E. Alcock |chapter=On the edge of empire: form and substance in the Satavahana dynasty |author=Carla M. Sinopoli |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |pages=166–168 |isbn=9780521770200 }}</ref> or 130–159 CE.<ref>{{cite book | author=Susan L. Huntington | title=The "Pāla-Sena" Schools of Sculpture | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLA3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA32 | date=1 January 1984 | publisher=Brill Archive | isbn=90-04-06856-2 |page=175 }}</ref> He is also referred to as '''Vasishthiputra Sri Pulumavi'''. [[Ptolemy]], the second century writer, refers to Pulumavi as ''Siriptolemaios'', a contemporary of the [[Western satrap]], [[Chastana]].<ref>"According to Ptolemy, Siriptolemaios (Sri Pulumayi), son of [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]], continued to reign at [[Paithan]] (Pratisthana), while Ozene ([[Ujjain]]) fell into the hands of Tiasthenes (Chastana)." [[Alain Danielou]], ''A Brief History of India'' ([[Inner Traditions]], 2003), mentioned [http://www.rambles.net/danielou_briefind03.html here]</ref>

The capital of Sri Pulumavi is reported to have been at [[Paithan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Alcock |first1=Susan E. |last2=Alcock |first2=John H. D'Arms Collegiate Professor of Classical Archaeology and Classics and Arthur F. Thurnau Professor Susan E. |last3=D'Altroy |first3=Terence N. |last4=Morrison |first4=Kathleen D. |last5=Sinopoli |first5=Carla M. |title=Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History |date=2001 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521770200 |page=172 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MBuPx1rdGYIC&pg=PA172 |language=en}}</ref>

==Coinage==
Some of the lead coins of Pulumavi depict two-masted Indian ships, a testimony to the seafaring and trading capabilities of the Satavahanas during the 1st-2nd century CE. During his rule, Gautami Balasri, the mother of [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]], laid an inscription at [[Nashik]]. Pulumavi was succeeded by his younger brother [[Vashishtiputra Satakarni]].{{Sfn|Rao|1994|p=14}}
<gallery widths="200px" heights="100px" perrow="4">
File:Vashishthiputra Shri Pulumavi.jpg|<center>Coinage of Vashishthiputra Sri Pulumavi, with [[Prakrit]] legend in the [[Brahmi]] script (starting at 12 o'clock): '''𑀭𑀜𑁄 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀧𑀼𑀎𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀲''' ''Raño Vāsiṭhiputasa Siri-Puḷumāvisa'' "Of King Lord Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi".</center>
File:Indian ship on lead coin of Vashishtiputra Shri Pulumavi.jpg|Indian ship on lead coin of Vasishthiputra Pulumavi.
File:Coin of Pulumavi (14782800622).jpg|<center>Coinage of Vashishthiputra Sri Pulumavi, with [[Prakrit]] legend in the [[Brahmi]] script (starting at 12 o'clock): '''𑀭𑀜𑁄 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢(𑀲 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀧𑀼)𑀎𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀲''' ''Raño Vāsiṭhiputa(sa Siri-Pu)ḷumāvisa'' "Of King Lord Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi".</center>
</gallery>

==Nashik Pandavleni Caves==
Near [[Nashik]], Cave No.3 of [[Pandavleni Caves]] was built by Queen Gotami Balasiri during the reign of Pulumavi, and also received a dedication by Sri Pulumavi himself. The cave was dedicated to the [[Samgha]].<ref name="EI 60"/> Based on inscription no. 3, the mountain on which the caves are present was known as Mount Tiranhu during the time of [[Sri Pulumavi]] and the area around Nashik caves was known as Sudasana, which was a part of district/province known as Govardhana.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;" align="center" colspan="2" cellpadding="3" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;"
|-
|state = {{{1<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} align=center colspan=2 style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"| '''Cave No.3, [[Pandavleni Caves]]'''
|-
|One long inscription (inscription No.2) in the 19th year of [[Satavahana]] king [[Sri Pulumavi]] (2nd century CE), explaining that Queen Gotami Balasiri, mother of glorious king [[Gautamiputra Satakarni|Gotamiputra]], caused this cave to be built and gave it to the [[Samgha]].<ref name="EI 60">Epigraphia Indica [https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica p.60ff]</ref> There is also another long inscription (inscription No.3) by Sri Pulumavi himself, also in the 22nd year of his reign.<ref name="EI 60"/> 
<gallery mode="packed" heights=150px>
010 Cave 3, Exterior (33156264563).jpg|Cave 3, exterior
011 Cave 3, Pillars and Relief (33928504416).jpg|Cave 3, pillars
020 Cave 3, Chaitya Relief and Cells (33584555950).jpg|Interior
014 Cave 3, Dwarapala, Left (33584577620).jpg|[[Dvarapala]]
021 Cave 3, Chaitya Relief (33156425683).jpg|Chaitya relief
</gallery>
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;" align="center" colspan="2" cellpadding="3" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;"
|-
|state = {{{1<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} align=center colspan=2 style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"| '''Inscription of Sri-Pulumavi''' Nasik Cave No.3, inscription No.3 (reign of [[Sri Pulumavi]])
|-
|{{quote|[[File:Nasik inscription No3.jpg|thumb|300px|Inscription of Sri-Pulumavi, Nasik cave No.3.]]
" Success ! The lord of Navanara, [[Sri Pulumavi|Siri-Pulumavi Vasithiputa]], commands Sivakhandila, the officer at Govadhana: The village of Sudisana here in the Govadhana district on the Southern road, which by us, in the 19th year, on the 13th day of the 2nd fortnight of summer, , . . . . by the [[Sramana|Samanas]] of Dhanamkata who [dwell] here on mount Tiranhu ......, has been given to be owned by the [[Bhikshu]]s of that fraternity, the Bhadayaniyas dwelling in the Queen's Cave, to produce a perpetual rent for the care of the cave meritoriously excavated, - in exchange for this gift, -the village of Sudasana,- we give the village of Samalipada, here in the Govadhana district on the Eastern road; and this village of Samalipada, .......by the Maha-Aryaka, you must deliver to be owned by the Bhikshus of the school of the Bhadayaniyas dwelling in the Queen's Cave, to produce a perpetual rent for the care of the cave meritoriously excavated; and to this village of Samalipada we grant the immunity belonging to monk's land, (making it) not to be entered (by royal officers), not to be touched (by any of them), not to be dug for salt, not to be interfered with by the district police, (in short) to enjoy all kinds of immunities. With all these immunities you must invest it; and this donation of the village of Samalipada and the immunities take care to have registered here at Sudasana. And by the (officers) entrusted with the abrogation of the (previous) donation of the Sudasana village it has been ordered. Written by the Mahdsendpati Medhnna ....., kept (?) by the ....... of deeds (?). The deed was delivered in the year 22, the 7th day of the . . fortnight of summer; executed by .... . (?). With a view for the well-being of the inhabitants of Govadhana, Vinhupala proclaims the praise of the Lord: Obeisance to the Being exalted in perfection and majesty, the excellent Jina, the Buddha."
|Nasik Caves inscription of Sri-Pulumavi, Cave No.3<ref>Epigraphia Indica [https://archive.org/stream/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica p.66-67]</ref>}}
|}

==Karla caves inscription==
{{Main|Karla Caves}}
{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=400|caption_align=center
| align = right
| direction =horizontal
| header=Vasishthiputra Pulumavi inscription
| image1 = Vasishthiputra Pulumavi inscription at Karla caves.jpg
| image2 = Karla Chaitya inscription of Vasishthiputra Pulumavi (top lintel left of the main entrance).jpg
| footer=Karla inscription of Vasishthiputra Pulumavi, left of the main entrance
}}
On the lintel to the left of the main entrance to the Great Chaitya at [[Karla Caves]], facing the inscription of [[Nahapana]] and posterior to it by a generation, there is also an inscription by Satavahana ruler Sri Pulumayi, that is, Vasishthiputra Pulumavi:<ref name="ES">{{cite book |last1=Senart |first1=E |title=EPIGRAPHIA INDICA VOL 7 |publisher=MANAGER OF PUBLICATIONS, DELHI |pages=61–62 |url=https://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindica014351mbp/page/n79/mode/2up |language=pt}}</ref>
{{Quote|In the seventh year of the king Sri Pulamavi, son of Vasithi, in the fifth fortnight of summer, on the first day, on the above, by the Maharathi Somadeva son of Vasithi, the son of the Maharathi Mitradeva son of Kosiki, of the Okhalakiyas, there was given to the community of Valuraka, of the Valuraka caves, a village with its taxes ordinary and extraordinary, with its income fixed or proportional.|Inscription 14 of Sri Pulumavi.<ref>Royal patronage of Buddhism in ancient India, by Kanai Lal Hazra - 1984 - Page 176</ref><ref name="ES"/>}}

== References ==
{{Satavahana}}
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Gautamiputra Satakarni]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Satavahana|Satavahana ruler]] | years=2nd century CE }}
{{s-aft | after=[[Vashishtiputra Satakarni]]}}
{{end}}
{{citation|title=History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: From the Earliest times to the present day |last=Rao|publisher=Sterling publishers|year=1994|isbn=81-207-1719-8}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Satavahana dynasty]]
[[Category:2nd-century Indian monarchs]]

==Book sources==

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Vasishthiputra Pulumavi