https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=2405%3A201%3AC00C%3A90A0%3A3086%3A501D%3AB701%3A69CBBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-29T00:38:25ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pandyan_art_and_architecture&diff=245421Pandyan art and architecture2021-06-12T16:51:32Z<p>2405:201:C00C:90A0:3086:501D:B701:69CB: /* Tirunelveli */</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
[[File:S-TN-71_Vettuvan_Koil_Tuticorin.jpg|alt=|right|thumb|300px|[[Vettuvan Koil]] in [[Kalugumalai]], Pandyan architecture, 8th century CE]]<br />
[[Rock-cut architecture|Rock cut]] and structural temples are significant part of '''Pandyan art and architecture'''. The [[Vimana (architectural feature)|vimana]] and [[mandapa]] are some of the features of the early [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandyan]] temples.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H821AAAAIAAJ&q=vimana|title=Studies in Indian history and culture: volume presented to Dr. P. B. Desai ... on the occasion of his completing sixty years|last=Desai|first=Pandurang Bhimarao|date=1971|publisher=Prof. P. B. Desai Felicitation Committee, Karnatak University; [for copies write to the printer: K. E. B's Print. Press]|pages=125|language=en}}</ref> Groups of small temples are seen at [[Tiruchirappalli district]] of Tamil Nadu. The Shiva temples have a [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi bull]] sculpture in front of the ''maha mandapa''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TlvqAAAAMAAJ&q=nandi+statue+pandya|title=Rock-cut temple styles: early Pandyan art and the Ellora shrines|last=Rajan|first=K. V. Soundara|date=1998-03-01|publisher=Somaiya Publications|isbn=9788170392187|pages=58|language=en}}</ref> In the later stages of Pandyas rule, finely sculptured idols, [[gopuram]]s on the [[Vimana (architectural feature)|vimanas]] were developed. Gopurams are the rectangular entrance and portals of the temples.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyXxEX5PQH8C&q=gopuram+pandya+temple&pg=PA337|title=Ornament in Indian Architecture|last=Allen|first=Margaret Prosser|date=1991|publisher=University of Delaware Press|isbn=9780874133998|pages=350|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6HAeAgAAQBAJ&q=meenakshi+temple+pandya&pg=PA470|title=Historical Dictionary of India|last=Mansingh|first=Surjit|date=2006-05-09|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780810865020|pages=430|language=en}}</ref><br />
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== History ==<br />
[[File:FourArmedVishnuPandyaDynasty8-9thCentury.jpg|right|thumb|Four-armed [[Vishnu]], Pandya Dynasty, 8th–9th century CE.]]<br />
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==Pandyan Temples==<br />
=== Kalugumalai Temple complex (768-800 CE) ===<br />
* [[Kalugumalai Jain Beds]]<br />
* [[Vettuvan Koil]]<ref name="official">{{cite web|url=http://www.kalugumalaitemple.tnhrce.in/kalakumalai_history.html|title=Sthala Varalaru|year=2015|publisher=Hindu Religious and Endowment Board, [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=4 November 2015|archive-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031712/http://www.kalugumalaitemple.tnhrce.in/kalakumalai_history.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* [[Kalugasalamoorthy Temple]]<br />
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=== Tirunelveli ===<br />
* [[Nellaiappar Temple]]<br />
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=== Others ===<br />
* [[Meenakshi Amman Temple]] <br />
*[[Sittanavasal Cave]] - Rock cut cave and Paintings from 9th century Pandyan period<br />
*[[Srivilliputhur Andal temple]]<br />
*[[Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram]]<br />
*[[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|Ranganathaswamy Temple]]<br />
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[[File:Jaina_abode_Kalugumalai.JPG|alt=|center|thumb|700px|[[Kalugumalai Jain Beds]], Pandyan Empire, King Parantaka Nedunjadaiya (768-800 CE)]]{{Commons category|Art of the Pandyan Dynasty}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{Pandya dynasty}}<br />
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[[Category:Pandyan architecture| ]]<br />
[[Category:Pandyan Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Pandyan dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil art]]<br />
[[Category:Indian art]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil architecture]]<br />
[[Category:Indian sculpture]]<br />
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