Jiwajirao Scindia

2021-04-27T01:43:48Z

2405:201:C002:C0AA:D45A:CBEF:FE8D:FCD7:

{{short description|Maharaja of India}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Jivajirao Scindia
|image = Jiwajirao Scindia of Gwalior.jpg
|image_size = 300px
|caption = The Maharaja of Gwalior, c.1940
|succession = [[Maharaja of Gwalior|Maratha Maharaja of Gwalior]]
|reign = 5 June 1925 – 28 May 1948
|predecessor = [[Madho Rao Scindia]]
|successor = Monarchy abolished, Gwalior merged into [[Madhya Bharat]]
|succession1 = [[Maharaja of Gwalior|Titular Maharaja of Gwalior]]
|reign1 = 28 May 1948 – 16 July 1961
|reign-type1 = Pretendence
|successor1 = [[Madhavrao Scindia]]
|spouse = [[Vijaya Raje Scindia]]
|issue = Padma Raje Usha Raje [[Madhavrao Scindia]] [[Vasundhara Raje]] [[Yashodhara Raje]]{{cn|date=June 2020}}
|full name =
|house = [[Scindia]]
|father = [[Madho Rao Scindia]]
|mother = Gajrabai Raje Sahib Scindia
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1916|6|26}}
|birth_place = [[Gwalior]], [[Gwalior State]], [[British India]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1961|7|16|1916|6|26}}
|death_place = [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
|religion = [[Hindu]]
|title=[[Gwalior State| Maharaja of Gwalior]]}}

Maharaja '''Jivajirao Scindia''' (26 June 1916 – 16 July 1961) of the [[Scindia]] dynasty of the [[Maratha]]s was the last reigning [[Maharaja]] of [[Gwalior state]] in central [[India]], and the [[rajpramukh]] (appointed governor) of the former state of [[Madhya Bharat]], India. The Maharaja was and still is very popular due to his interest in model railroads. He assembled a toy train of silver in his palace dining table in Jai Vilas Palace, Gwalior to serve food, wines and chutneys to the guests.

==Early life==
[[File:The Maharaja of Gwalior.jpg|thumb|Jivajirao Scindia as a child; Hand-coloured photograph, {{circa|1930}}]]
Jivajirao was a scion of the [[Scindia]] family, descended from the [[Maratha]] general [[Ranojirao Scindia]]. Ranojirao was the head of the Maratha armies in [[Malwa]] during the first part of the 18th century, as the [[Maratha Empire]] was expanding rapidly at the expense of the [[Mughal Empire]]. [[Daulatrao Scindia]] shifted the capital from [[Ujjain]] to the new city of Lashkar, near the historic fortress-city of [[Gwalior]]. The Scindias accepted [[British India|British]] suzerainty in 1818 at the conclusion of their benefits from them after they lost 3rd War [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]]. At 68,291 km², Gwalior was the largest state in the [[Central India Agency]], and among the five largest [[princely state]]s in all of [[British Raj|India]].

==Personal life==
Jivajirao became Maharaja on 5 June 1925, succeeding his father [[Madho Rao Scindia]] upon his death. On 21 February 1941, he married Lekha Divyeshwari Devi, afterwards known as [[Vijaya Raje Scindia]], who was descended from the powerful [[Rana dynasty]] of [[Kingdom of Nepal|Nepal]]. They were the parents of five children, four daughters and a son, including:
* Padma Raje, was married to HH Maharaja Kirit Dev Burman of Tripura. Died in Calcutta, circa 1965.
* Usha Raje, is married to Nepalese Minister [[Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana]], Kathmandu, Nepal. They are the parents of [[Devyani Rana]].
* [[Madhavrao Scindia]] (10 March 1945 – 30 September 2001), former union cabinet minister in India, Member of Parliament and King of Gwalior.
* [[Vasundhara Raje]], Former chief minister of the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]].
* [[Yashodhara Raje]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) leader and MLA of the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].

==Career==
[[File:Half anna coin of princely state of Gwalior depicting Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia, 1942.jpg|thumb|left|Jivajirao on a 1942 half anna coin.]]
Jivajirao ruled Gwalior state as absolute monarch and a British vassal until shortly after India's independence on 15 August 1947. The rulers of Indian [[princely state]]s were required to accede to either of the two dominions (India and [[Pakistan]]) created by the India Independence Act 1947. Jivajirao signed a covenant with the rulers of the adjoining princely states that united their several states form a new state within the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] known as [[Madhya Bharat]]. This new covenanted state was to be governed by a council headed by a ruler to be known as the ''[[Rajpramukh]]''. [[Madhya Bharat]] signed a fresh [[Instrument of Accession]] with the Government of India effective 15 June 1948. Jivajirao Scindia became the first rajpramukh, or appointed governor, of the state on 28 May 1948. He served as Rajpramukh until 31 October 1956, when the state was merged into [[Madhya Pradesh]].

==Family==
After his death in 1961, Jivajirao's family remained involved in politics. In 1962, his widow, [[Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia]], was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], beginning the family's career in electoral politics. She was initially a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] party, parted ways in 1967, joined the [[Jana Sangh]], and later became an influential member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Their son, [[Madhavrao Scindia]], was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971, representing the Jana Sangh. He later joined the Congress in 1980 served until his death in 2001. Madhavrao's son, [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]], was also a member of the Congress Party, was elected in 2002 to the seat formerly held by his father. On 10-March-2020 Jyotiraditya Scindia quit Indian National Congress. Jivajirao's daughter [[Vasundhara Raje]] is an eminent politician associated with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. She was the first woman Chief Minister of [[Rajasthan]] and also was a member of the [[Lok Sabha]] for five consecutive terms since 1989.

==Full name and titles==
Jivajirao was also known with his full name: ''[[Lieutenant-General]] [[His Highness]] Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, [[Maharajadhiraj]] Maharaja Shrimant Jivaji Rao Scindia [[Baghatur|Bahadur]], Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, [[Maharaja]] [[Scindia]] of [[Gwalior]], [[Order of the Star of India|GCSI]], [[Order of the Indian Empire|GCIE]]''.

During his life he acquired several titles and honorific names:

*'''1916 – 1925''': [[Yuvaraja]] [[Maharaj]] Shrimant Jivaji Rao [[Scindia]] [[Baghatur|Bahadur]]
*'''1925 – 1937''': [[His Highness]] Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, [[Maharajadhiraj]] Maharaja Shrimant Jivaji Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, [[Maharaja]] [[Scindia]] of [[Gwalior]]
*'''1937 – 1941''': [[Highness|His Highness]] Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Jivaji Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, [[KStJ]]
*'''1941 – 1943''': [[Captain (land and air)|Captain]] [[His Highness]] Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Sir Jivaji Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, [[GCIE]], [[KStJ]]
*'''1943 – 1945''': [[Major]] [[His Highness]] Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Sir Jivaji Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, [[GCIE]], [[KStJ]]
*'''1945 – 1946''': [[Major-General]] [[His Highness]] Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Sir Jivaji Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, [[GCIE]], [[KStJ]]
*'''1946 – 1961''': [[Lieutenant-General]] His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant Sir Jivaji Rao Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior, [[GCSI]], [[GCIE]], [[KStJ]]

==Honours==

<center>
(ribbon bar, as it would look today)

[[File:Ord.Stella.India.jpg|100px]]
[[File:Order of the Indian Empire Ribbon.svg|100px]]

[[Image:Order of St John (UK) ribbon.png|100px]]
[[File:39-45 Star BAR.svg|100px]]
[[File:War Medal 39-45 BAR.svg|100px]]
[[File:India Service Medal BAR.svg|100px]]

[[Image:GeorgeVSilverJubileum-ribbon.png|100px]]
[[Image:GeorgeVICoronationRibbon.png|100px]]
[[File:UK Queen EII Coronation Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
[[File:Indian Independence medal 1947.svg|100px]]

</center>

*[[King George V Silver Jubilee Medal]], ''1935''
*[[King George VI Coronation Medal]], ''1937''
*[[Knight of the Order of St John]] (KStJ), ''1937''
*[[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (GCIE), ''1941''
*[[1939-1945 Star]], ''1945''
*[[British War Medal]], ''1945''
*[[India Service Medal]], ''1945''
*[[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] (GCSI), ''1946''
*[[Indian Independence Medal]], ''1947''
*[[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal]], ''1953''

==References==
* {{cite book |title=Shreenath Madhavji : Mahayoddha Mahadji Ki Shourya Gatha |last=Neelesh Ishwarchandra Karkare |publisher=Neelesh Ishwarchandra ( Gwalior) |year=2014 |isbn=9789352670925}}
* {{cite book |title=Tawaareekh-E-ShindeShahi |last=Neelesh Ishwarchandra Karkare |publisher=Neelesh Ishwarchandra ( Gwalior) |year=2017 |isbn=9789352672417}}
* {{cite book |title=Gwalior Gaurav |last=Dr. Ishwarchandra Ramchandra Karkare |publisher= Gwalior Sahitya Academy ( Gwalior) |year=2008}}
{{Reflist}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[Scindia|Scindia Dynasty]]||26 June 1916||16 July 1961}}
{{S-reg|}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Madho Rao Scindia|Madhavrao II]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Gwalior State|Maharaja of Gwalior]]|years=1925–1948}}
{{S-aft|after=[[India|Monarchy abolished (Merge within the Republic of India)]]}}
{{S-off}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Madhya Bharat|Rajpramukh of Madhya Bharat]]|before=Post created 15 June 1948|after=Post abolished by the Government of India 31 October 1956; succeeded by that of [[Governor of Madhya Pradesh]]|years=1948–1956}}
{{S-pre|}}
{{S-bef|before=None; monarchy abolished in 1948}}
{{S-tul|title=[[Gwalior State|Maharaja of Gwalior]]|years=1948–1961|reason=[[Republic of India|Monarchy abolished in 1948]]}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Madhavrao Scindia|Madhavrao III]]}}
{{End}}

{{MarathaEmpire}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scindia, George Jiyajirao}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:Scindia dynasty of Gwalior|Jiyajirao]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of St John]]
[[Category:Indian knights]]
[[Category:Rajpramukhs]]
[[Category:Madhya Bharat politicians]]

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Jiwajirao Scindia