Suvendu Adhikari

2022-01-07T09:52:12Z

2405:201:800C:40A3:6D22:EAFB:4517:D481: Fixed wrong info

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
Suvendu Adhikari
| image = File:Suvendu Adhikari (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption =
| office = [[List of current Indian opposition leaders|Leader of the Opposition]], [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor = [[Abdul Mannan (West Bengal politician)|Abdul Mannan]]
| term_start = 10 May 2021
| constituency = [[Nandigram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nandigram]]
| deputy = [[Mihir Goswami]]
| office1 = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 2016
| constituency1 = [[Nandigram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nandigram]]
| predecessor1 = [[Firoja Bibi]]
| office3 = [[Department of Transport (West Bengal)|Minister for Transport]], <br />[[Government of West Bengal]]
| term_start3 = 27 May 2016
| term_end3 = 27 November 2020
| governor3 = [[Keshari Nath Tripathi]]<br />[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]
| 1blankname3 = [[Chief Minister of West Bengal|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata3 = [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| predecessor3 = [[Aroop Biswas]]
| successor3 = [[Mamata Banerjee]]<ref name = r>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-to-keep-transport-portfolio-following-suvendu-adhikaris-resignation-2331328|title=CM Banerjee will take charge of Suvendu's portfolio|newspaper=[[NDTV]]|date=28 November 2020}}</ref>
| office4 = Minister of Environment, [[Government of West Bengal]]
| term_start4 = 2018
| term_end4 = 2020
| 1blankname4 = [[Chief Minister of West Bengal|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata4 = [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| predecessor4 = [[Sovan Chatterjee]]
| successor4 = [[Mamata Banerjee]]<ref name =r/>
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| term_start5 = 16 May 2009
| term_end5 = 19 May 2016
| constituency5 = [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
| predecessor5 = [[Lakshman Chandra Seth]]
| successor5 = [[Dibyendu Adhikari]]
| office6 = [[Jute Corporation of India|Chairperson of Jute Corporation of India]]
| predecessor6 = Ajay Kumar Jolly
| term_start6 = 31
December 2020<ref>{{Cite news|last=Podder|first=Debasish|date=31 December 2020|title=জুট কর্পোরেশন অফ ইন্ডিয়ার চেয়ারম্যান হচ্ছেন শুভেন্দু অধিকারী, নতুন বছরেই নিয়োগ|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/kolkata/suvendu-adhikari-will-appointed-as-the-chairman-of-jute-corporation-of-india-in-the-new-year-31609419893893.html|access-date=31 December 2020|work=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
| term_end6 = 2 March 2021<ref>[https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bjp-leader-suvendu-adhikari-likely-to-step-down-as-chairperson-of-jute-corporation-of-india20210302170152]</ref>
| term_start7 =
| term_end7 =
| constituency7 =
| predecessor7 =
| successor7 =
| birth_place = [[Contai]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|12|15|df=y}}
| spouse =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{small|(2020-present)}}
| residence = [[Contai]], [[Purba Medinipur District|Purba Medinipur]], [[West Bengal]]
| alma_mater = [[Rabindra Bharati University]] ([[M.A]])<br />[[Prabhat Kumar College|Contai P. K. College]] ([[B.A]])
| profession = [[Politician]]
| father = [[Sisir Adhikari]]
| relatives = [[Dibyendu Adhikari]] (brother)
| website =
| footnotes =
| otherparty = * [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(1995-1998)}}
* [[All India Trinamool Congress]] {{small|(1998-2020)}}
}}

'''Suvendu Adhikari''' (born 15 December 1970)<ref>{{Cite web|title=FPJ Explains: Who was Subhendu Adhikari, the Bengal minister whose 'dissent' is threatening Mamata's regime?|url=https://m.freepressjournal.in/article/india/fpj-explains-who-is-subhendu-adhikari-the-bengal-minister-whose-dissent-is-threatening-mamatas-regime/c06b5a33-feeb-4e95-a01a-fbf3de98bfb2|access-date=2020-11-09|website=m.freepressjournal.in}}</ref> is an Indian politician from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] who is the current Leader of the Opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from 10 May 2021. He is a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from Nandigram since May 2021 having defeated his opponent incumbent Chief Minister [[Mamata Banerjee]] (who had to fight bye election to remain chief minister).<ref name=HT_1/> He previously served as the Minister of Transport, Irrigation and Water resource in [[Government of West Bengal|West Bengal]]. He was a [[Member of Parliament|member]] of the [[15th Lok Sabha]] and the [[16th Lok Sabha]] (2014-2016), as an [[All India Trinamool Congress]] candidate, from [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.newkerala.com/nkfullnews-1-46116.html| title = Thumbnail sketches of ministers of state | access-date = 2009-06-20 | publisher = new Kerala.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=4501| title = Suvendu Adhikari| access-date = 2009-07-30 | publisher = India Govt.}}</ref>

He is the son of [[Sisir Adhikari]], former Union Minister of State for Rural Development in the [[Council of Ministers of the Republic of India|Manmohan Singh government]].<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Kolkata/Had-no-work-say-former-TMC-ministers-in-UPA-govt/Article1-934333.aspx Had no work, say former TMC ministers in UPA govt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026230610/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Kolkata/Had-no-work-say-former-TMC-ministers-in-UPA-govt/Article1-934333.aspx |date=26 October 2012 }} ''hindustantimes.com''. Retrieved 11 November 2012</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://westbengalelectionresult.com/suvendu-adhikari-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/469 | title = Suvendu Adhikari -Profile | access-date = 2009-06-20 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101029035522/http://westbengalelectionresult.com/suvendu-adhikari-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/469 | archive-date = 29 October 2010 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

Credited as the man who galvanised the people of [[Nandigram]] under the umbrella of the [[Bhumi Uchhed Pratirodh Committee]], when rumours of land acquisition for a chemical hub had triggered a movement, Adhikari was a member of the Legislative Assembly from [[Contai]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://blogs.thehindu.com/elections2009/?p=2618 | title = Like father, like son| access-date = 2009-07-30 | last =Dutta | first =Indrani | publisher = The Hindu, 5 May 2009.}}</ref> He defeated [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)’s]] strongman [[Lakshman Chandra Seth|Lakshman Seth]] by a margin of 1,72,958 votes.<ref name="SA">{{cite web| url = http://www.indianexpress.com/news/nandigram-swings-two-seats-in-east-midnapore/461025/ | title = Nandigram swings two seats in East Midnapore in Trinamool's favour| access-date = 2009-07-30 | publisher = Indian Express 17 May 2009}}</ref> He resigned from the primary membership of [[All India Trinamool Congress]] and joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in presence of Home Minister [[Amit Shah]] on 19 December 2020. He won the Nandigram assembly seat against TMC's supremo and [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]] [[Mamata Banerjee]] in 2021 by a margin of 1956 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-02|title=Nandigram: After Hours of Confusion, BJP's Suvendu Adhikari Emerges Winner|url=https://thewire.in/politics/nandigram-election-bengal-mamata-banerjee-suvendu-adhikari|work=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|access-date=2021-05-02|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503202328/https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nandigram Election Result 2021 LIVE: Nandigram MLA Election Result & Vote Share|url=https://www.oneindia.com/nandigram-assembly-elections-wb-210/|work=Oneindia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nandigram Assembly Election Results 2021 LIVE - Nandigram Vidhan Sabha Election Results|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/nandigram-west-bengal-election-result-2021|work=Times Now}}</ref>.

==Personal life==

Adhikari was born on 15 December 1970 to [[Sisir Adhikari]] and Gayatri Adhikari at Karkuli in [[Purba Medinipur district]] in [[West Bengal]]. Sisir Adhikari is a politician, and former [[Minister of State]] in [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry]] and was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Kanthi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanthi constituency]] in 2019.<ref name="LS">{{cite web |title=Suvendu Adhikari |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4501 |publisher=Lok Sabha |access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="AN">{{cite web |title=Nandigram: Trinamool's stronghold, one family's stranglehold |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/judge-loya-death-supreme-court-dismisses-probe-into-the-death-p7fdmb |publisher=Asia Net News |access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref>

One of Suvendu's brothers, Soumendu, is the chairman of the [[Kanthi]] municipal corporation.<ref name="AN"/> [[Dibyendu Adhikari]], elected to Lok Sabha in 2019 from [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk constituency]], is also his brother.

Adhikari received a [[Master of Arts]] degree from [[Netaji Subhas Open University]].<ref name="LS"/>

==Political career==
Adhikari was first elected as a councillor from [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[Contai|Contai Municipality]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The importance of being Suvendu Adhikari: Why the TMC strongman is miffed with the party leadership|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/the-importance-of-being-suvendu-adhikari-why-the-tmc-strongman-is-miffed-with-the-party-leadership/684054|access-date=2020-12-17|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en}}</ref> In 2006, Adhikari was elected to the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kanthi Dakshin]] constituency. He also became the chairman of [[Kanthi]] Municipal Corporation in the same year.<ref name="LS"/>

In 2007, Adhikari spearheaded the anti-land-acquisition movement in the [[Nandigram]]. He led the [[Bhumi Uchhed Pratirodh Committee]]. The ruling [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] government in West Bengal planned to acquire 10,000 acres of land in the village to set up a [[special economic zone]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarkar |first1=Arindam |title=Mamata promises to marry off raped girls of Nandigram |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/mamata-promises-to-marry-off-raped-girls-of-nandigram/story-umlmKryBUWdkP6re98mV2L.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=26 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="ET">{{cite news |title=Trinamool Congress confident of victory in Nandigram |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/trinamool-congress-confident-of-victory-in-nandigram/articleshow/52103488.cms?from=mdr |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=4 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="HT">{{cite news |title=From Nandigram to Murshidabad - Suvendu Adhikari is Mamata Banerjee's all weather man |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/from-nandigram-to-murshidabad-suvendu-adhikari-is-mamata-banerjee-s-all-weather-man/story-kNqePhKEQzC9SE9BpPs34M.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=26 August 2019}}</ref> This movement catapulted [[Mamata Banerjee]] to the centre-stage of Bengali politics.<ref name="HT"/> The state [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|CID]] alleged that Adhikari had supplied arms to the Maoists to wage an armed movement against the state government.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Roy |first1=Anirban |title=CID to question Trinamool's Adhikari on Maoist links |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/cid-to-question-trinamools-adhikari-on-maoist-links-78841-2010-07-17 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=17 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Trinamool MP accused of supplying ammo to Naxalites |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/trinamool-mp-accused-of-supplying-ammo-to-naxalites-78780-2010-07-16 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=16 July 2010}}</ref>

After Adhikari's success in Nandigram, Banerjee made him the party's observer (in-charge) of the [[Jungle Mahals|Jangal Mahal]] i.e. [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]], [[Purulia]] and [[Bankura]] districts. He was successful in expanding the party's base in these districts.<ref name="HT"/> In 2009, he was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from the [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=In Contai, it's family first for Trinamool's Sisir Adhikary |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/in-contai-it-s-family-first-for-trinamool-s-sisir-adhikary/537544/ |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=5 November 2009}}</ref> He defeated his nearest rival [[Lakshman Chandra Seth|Lakshman Seth]] of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] by a margin of approximately 173,000 votes.<ref name="SA"/>

In the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Adhikari was pitted against Abdul Kadir Sheikh of the Left Front - [[Indian National Congress]] alliance in Nandigram constituency.<ref name="ET"/> After getting elected, he resigned as an MP from Tamluk constituency.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Dibyendu Adhikari to contest from Tamluk parliament constituency |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dibyendu-adhikari-tamluk-parliament-constituency-tmc-mamata-banerjee-347066-2016-10-17 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=30 April 2019 |date=17 October 2016}}</ref> He was sworn in as the Minister of Transport in the [[Second Mamata Banerjee ministry]] on 27 May 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=List of Ministers in Mamata's cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/list-of-ministers-in-mamatas-cabinet/article8654872.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=30 April 2019 |date=27 May 2016}}</ref> Adhikari resigned from the post of chairman of [[Hooghly River Bridge Commission]] (HRBC), a statutory body under the Government of West Bengal on 26 November 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tmc-mla-suvendu-adhikari-resigns-transport-irrigation-minister-1744603-2020-11-27 |title=TMC's Suvendu Adhikari steps down as Bengal minister a day after resigning as Hooghly commission chairman |publisher=India Today |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> He also resigned as West Bengal Transport Minister on 27 November 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/west-bengal-tmc-rebel-leader-suvendu-adhikari-resigns-as-transport-minister-in-mamata-govt/687503 |title=West Bengal: TMC rebel leader Suvendu Adhikari resigns as Transport Minister from Mamata govt |publisher=Times Now |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> He had tendered his resignation to the speaker of West Bengal Legislative Assembly as MLA on 16 December 2020 which was not accepted by the speaker initially on grounds of technicality. However, it was eventually accepted on 21 December 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trinamool's Suvendu Adhikari Quits As MLA Amid Reports He Will Join BJP|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/trinamool-dissident-suvendu-adhikari-resigns-as-mla-amid-reports-he-will-switch-to-bjp-2339450|access-date=2021-05-05|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> On 17 December 2020 he resigned from the primary membership of All India Trinamool Congress.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/didi-aide-suvendu-adhikari-exits-tmc-sparks-a-spate-of-resignations/articleshow/79787773.cms |title= Didi aide Suvendu Adhikari exits TMC, sparks a spate of resignations|website= The Times Of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title= Suvendu Adhikari meets victims of post-poll violence in East Midnapore|work= www.telegraphindia.com| url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/suvendu-adhikari-meets-victims-of-post-poll-violence-in-east-midnapore/cid/1821357 |access-date=6 July 2021}}</ref>

===2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election===
On 19 December 2020, he joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in presence of Home Minister [[Amit Shah]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://banglahunt.com/subhendu-join-bjp-with-9-mla/ |title=Suvendu Adhikari join Bharatiya Janata Party with other 9 MLA |website= Bangla Hunt}}</ref><ref name="India Today">{{cite web| url = https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/suvendu-adhikari-joins-bjp-in-presence-of-amit-shah-1751135-2020-12-19|title = Suvendu Adhikari ends all speculation, joins BJP, delivers jolt to Mamata and TMC | publisher = India Today |access-date = 19 December 2020}}</ref> He defeated the sitting chief minister of West Bengal on Nandigram assembly seat in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mamta Banerjee loses Nandigram|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/mamata-vs-suvendu-all-eyes-on-nandigram-as-counting-underway-in-west-bengal/amp_articleshow/82350838.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He, with the support of 22 MLAs, was elected as opposition party leader by [[BJP]] after the assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-10|title=Ex-TMC minister Suvendu Adhikari becomes leader of the opposition in Bengal|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/extmc-minister-suvendu-adhikari-becomes-leader-of-the-opposition-in-bengal-101620658519464.html|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Mamata Banerjee has filed an election petition in [[Calcutta High Court]] challenging the verdict of Nandigram.<ref name=HT_1>{{Cite web|date=17 June 2021|title=Mamata Banerjee challenges Suvendu Adhikari's Nandigram win in Calcutta High Court|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-challenges-suvendu-adhikari-s-nandigram-win-in-calcutta-hc-101623948924307.html|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==Electoral history==
* 1995 : Elected as a councillor from [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[Contai|Contai Municipality]]
* 2006 : Elected to West Bengal Vidhan Sabha, from [[Kanthi Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] as member of AITC .<ref>{{cite news |title=जानिए कौन हैं शुभेंदु अधिकारी, जिन्होंने ममता को दिया जोर का झटका; कभी उनकी सरकार में थे नंबर 2 |url=https://hindi.asianetnews.com/gallery/national-news/know-who-is-suvendu-adhikari-who-resign-as-tmc-mla-west-bengal-kpp-qlfk7c |work=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |date=16 December 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>
** Resigned mid-term to join Lok Sabha
* 2009 : Elected to Lok Sabha, from [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)]], member of AITC (All India Trinamool Congress)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Santanu |title=Explained: The importance of Suvendu Adhikari — to Trinamool Congress and BJP |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-the-importance-of-minister-suvendu-adhikari-to-trinamool-bjp-7051063/ |work=The Indian Express |date=27 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* 2014 : Elected to Lok Sabha, from [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
** Resigned mid-term to join Vidhan Sabha
* 2016 : Elected to West Bengal Vidhan Sabha, from [[Nandigram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]], member of AITC<ref name="result">{{cite news |title=Mamata Banerjee Loses To Suvendu Adhikari in Nandigram, Will Go To Court |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-wins-close-battle-in-nandigram-defeats-suvendu-adhikari-2426442 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref>
* 2021 : Elected to West Bengal Vidhan Sabha, from [[Nandigram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]], member of BJP<ref name="result"/>

==Controversies==

Adhikari was interrogated by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] in September 2014 for his alleged role in the [[Saradha Group financial scandal]]. A former employee of the company alleged the company's head Sudipto Sen met Adhikari before fleeing to Kashmir. Adhikari rejected such allegations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saradha scam: CBI grills Trinamool MP Suvendu Adhikari |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/saradha-scam-cbi-grills-trinamool-mp-suvendu-adhikari-20323.html |publisher=India TV |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=24 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Saradha Scam: TMC MP Adhikari says 'his decision to become CBI witness' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/saradha-scam-tmc-mp-adhikari-says-his-decision-to-become-cbi-witness/ |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=25 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="India Today"/><ref>{{Cite web|title= Suvendu Adhikari, other BJP MLAs walk out of Bengal Assembly after an exchange of words with treasury bench|work= www.deccanherald.com|date= 6 July 2021|url= https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/suvendu-adhikari-other-bjp-mlas-walk-out-of-bengal-assembly-after-an-exchange-of-words-with-treasury-bench-1005471.html|access-date= 6 July 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[2021 Nandigram controversy]]
*[[Mukul Roy]]
*[[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1962)|Arjun Singh]]
*[[Saumitra Khan]]
*[[Rajib Banerjee]]

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{15th LS members from West Bengal}}
{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly4}}
{{16th LS members from West Bengal}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|Politics|India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adhikari, Suvendu}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:15th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:People from Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:All India Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from West Bengal]]
[[Category:16th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]

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Suvendu Adhikari