Sultanpur district

2021-12-30T04:14:53Z

2405:201:8008:3024:71FD:4335:C5D9:11B4: /* Languages */

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sultanpur district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|District of Uttar Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Sultanpur.svg
| map_caption = Location of Sultanpur district in Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Faizabad division|Faizabad]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Lambhua]], [[Kadipur]], [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]], [[Jaisinghpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaisinghpur]], [[Baldirai]]
| area_total_km2 = 2672.89
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 3797117
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 =
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Sultanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sultanpur]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 5
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = http://sultanpur.nic.in/
}}

'''Sultanpur district''' is a [[List of Indian Districts|district]] in the Indian [[States of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. This district is a part of [[Faizabad division]] in Uttar Pradesh state. The administrative headquarters of the district is [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]]. The total area of Sultanpur district is 2672.89 Sq. km.<ref>{{Cite web|title=District Sultanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} The Land of Maharaja Kush {{!}} India|url=https://sultanpur.nic.in/|access-date=8 March 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>

As of 2011, Sultanpur district has a population of 3,797,117 people, making it the 15th most populous in the state.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It is primarily a rural district, with 94.7% of the population living in rural areas.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Sultanpur, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=xiv-xvi, 77, 94, 112, 129, 147, 164, 181, 199, 216, 226, 243, 260, 285, 318, 336, 362, 395, 412, 438, 471, 496, 521, 539, 557, 758-73 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0948_PART_A_DCHB_SULTANPUR.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=22 July 2021}}</ref>

==History==
At the time of the [[Ain-i-Akbari]], the area now covered by Sultanpur district was divided between the [[sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]]s of [[Awadh]], [[Lucknow]], and [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]], all in the [[subah]] of Awadh, as well as the sarkar of [[Manikpur, Uttar Pradesh|Manikpur]] in the subah of [[Allahabad]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Sultanpur: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XLVI Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1903 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=76, 107-10, 134-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.113213 |access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> Sultanpur itself was one of the ''mahal''s, or [[pargana]]s, that made up the sarkar of Awadh; it corresponded to the later pargana of [[Miranpur, Sultanpur|Miranpur]], minus its southern portion which in Akbar's day formed part of the [[Kathot]] mahal in Manikpur.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> It may have also included some of the later pargana of [[Baraunsa]], which was also called Sultanpur-Baraunsa.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> The mahal of Sultanpur provided a force of 7,000 infantry and 200 cavalry to the Mughal army and was assessed at a tax value of 3,832,530 [[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> The rest of Baraunsa then belonged to the small mahal of [[Bilahri]], which supplied a military force of 2,000 infantry and 50 cavalry and was assessed at 815,831 dams.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Like Sultanpur, the mahal of Bilahri was held by the Bachgotis and had a brick fort at its capital.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> The two mahals of [[Kishni, Sultanpur|Kishni]] and [[Sathin]] (or Satanpur) were also in the sarkar of Awadh; they remained separate entities until 1750, when they were amalgamated into the pargana of [[Jagdishpur, Sultanpur|Jagdishpur]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> The last of the mahals in the sarkar of Awadh was Thana Bhadaon, a small mahal which appears to correspond with the later pargana of [[Asal, Sultanpur|Asal]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> There is still a village called [[Bhadaon]] in this area; it used to give its name to a ''[[tappa]]'' in pargana Sultanpur.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

Two mahals in the Lucknow sarkar would later form part of Sultanpur district: [[Amethi]] and [[Isauli]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Amethi was later transferred into the sarkar of Manikpur.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> In Akbar's time, Manikpur also had two mahals in the present district: [[Jais]], which was broken up beginning sometime before 1775, and Kathot, which as mentioned above covered the southern parts of pargana Miranpur.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Finally, there were two more mahals in the sarkar of Jaunpur: [[Chanda, Sultanpur|Chanda]] and [[Aldemau]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

Sultanpur district remained split between the two subahs of Awadh and Allahabad until the late 1700s, when the latter was finally broken up.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> By this time, the entire district had come under the [[Nawabs of Awadh]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Nawab [[Saadat Ali Khan II]] enacted an administrative reform that replaced the subahs and sarkars with new divisions, called [[nizamat]]s and [[chakla (administrative division)|chakla]]s.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Under this new arrangement, Sultanpur was made the seat of a large nizamat with four component chaklas: Sultanpur, Aldemau, Jagdishpur, and [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> The last of these corresponds with the present-day [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh district]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

From 1793 to 1856, 27 [[nizam (title)|nizam]]s held office in Sultanpur, although several of them held office twice or were only in office for a very short time.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Among the more significant nizams were Sital Parshad (in office 1794-1800), Mir Ghulam Hussain (1812-14 and 1818-23), Raja Darshan Singh (1828-34 and 1837-38) and his son Raja Man Singh (1845-47), and Agha Ali Khan (the final nazim, in office from 1850-56).<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> The nizams themselves were fairly powerless to deal with the district's powerful landowners, whose power had become so entrenched that they could get away with merely paying the ordinary revenue demands and otherwise being left alone to do as they pleased.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

After the British annexation of Awadh in 1856, Sultanpur remained the seat of a district, although the administrative boundaries in the region were redrawn — Aldemau, for example, now formed part of [[Faizabad district]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> Under the original British arrangement, Sultanpur district comprised 12 parganas, but this was changed in 1869: three parganas were transferred into the district from Faizabad, while five parganas were transferred out of the district.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> The new parganas were Isauli, Baraunsa, and Aldemau; while the ones that were removed were [[Subeha]] (which was transferred into [[Barabanki district]]), [[Inhauna]], Rokha-Jais, [[Simrauta]], and [[Mohanganj, Uttar Pradesh|Mohanganj]] (which were all transferred into [[Raebareli district]]).<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> The resulting setup would remain in place through the 20th century, with four [[tehsil]]s: Sultanpur (including the parganas of Miranpur and Baraunsa), Amethi (including Amethi and Asal), [[Musafirkhana]] (including Musafirkhana, Isauli, Jagdishpur, and [[Gaura Jamun]]), and [[Kadipur]] (including Chanda and Aldemau).<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

==Administration==
[[File:Sultanpur district subdivisions map.png|thumb|Subdivisions of Sultanpur district]]
Sultanpur has now five [[tehsils]] of Sultanpur Sadar, [[Kadipur]], [[Lambhua]], [[Baldirai]] and [[Jaisinghpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaisinghpur]].<ref name=tehsils>{{cite web|title=Number of blocks situated in Sultanpur|url=http://sultanpur.nic.in/dis11.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010421034903/http://www.sultanpur.nic.in/dis11.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 April 2001|publisher=Administration of Sultanpur|access-date=28 September 2012}}</ref> The [[Amethi]], [[Musafirkhana]], and Gauriganj tehsils are now in Amethi district. District has one municipality, five town areas and twenty two development [[block (country subdivision)|block]]s. Besides Sultanpur city, important towns are [[Amethi]], Chanda, [[Dostpur]], [[Jagdispur|Jagdishpur]], [[Kadipur]], [[Koeripur]], [[Lambhua]], Mushafirkhana and [[Shukul Bazar]]. Sultanpur is divided into seventeen police stations for the maintenance of law and order.<ref name=tehsils/><ref name="Thanas">{{cite web |title=Police Thanas |url=https://sultanpur.nic.in/police/ |publisher=Government of Uttar Pradesh}}</ref>

The 2011 census listed these subdivisions of Sultanpur district:<ref name="Census 2011"/>

* '''[[Musafirkhana]] tehsil'''
** [[Shukul Bazar]] block
** [[Jagdishpur, Sultanpur|Jagdishpur]] block
** [[Musafirkhana]] block
** [[Waldi Rai]] block
* '''[[Gauriganj]] tehsil'''
** [[Jamo, Uttar Pradesh|Jamo]] block
** [[Shahgarh, Sultanpur|Shahgarh]] block
** [[Gauriganj]] block
* '''[[Amethi]] tehsil'''
** [[Amethi]] block
** [[Sangrampur, Sultanpur|Sangrampur]] block
** [[Bhetua]] block
** [[Bhadar]] block
* '''[[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]] Sadar tehsil'''
** [[Dhanpatganj]] block
** [[Kurebhar]] block (part)
** [[Kurwar]] block
** [[Dubeypur]] block
* '''[[Jaisinghpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaisinghpur]] tehsil'''
** [[Jaisinghpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaisinghpur]] block
** [[Motigarpur]] block
** [[Bhadaeeya]] block
** [[Kurebhar]] block (part)
** [[Dostpur]] block (part)
* '''[[Lambhua]] tehsil'''
** [[Lambhua]] block
** [[Paharpur Kamaicha]] block
* '''[[Kadipur]] tehsil'''
** [[Dostpur]] block (part)
** [[Kadipur]] block
** [[Akhand Nagar]] block
** [[Karaundi Kala]] block

== Municipalitites ==
The district has 11 towns.<ref name="Census 2011"/> 6 of them are full statutory towns and the other 5 are [[census town]]s.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Town name
! Classification
! Tehsil
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| [[Musafirkhana]] || [[Nagar Panchayat]] || Musafirkhana || 7,999
|-
| [[Kathaura]] || [[Census town]] || Musafirkhana || 11,605
|-
| [[Palpur, Sultanpur|Palpur]] || [[Census town]] || Musafirkhana || 5,702
|-
| [[Nihal Garh Chak Jangla]] || [[Census town]] || Musafirkhana || 7,345
|-
| [[Amethi]] || [[Nagar Panchayat]] || Amethi || 13,849
|-
| [[Korwa, Uttar Pradesh|Korwa]] || [[Nagar Panchayat]] || Amethi || 6,524
|-
| [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]] || [[Nagar Palika Parishad]] || Sultanpur || 107,640
|-
| [[Kasba Sultanpur]] || [[Census town]] || Sultanpur || 8,304
|-
| [[Koeripur]] || [[Nagar Panchayat]] || Lambhua || 8,927
|-
| [[Dostpur]] || [[Nagar Panchayat]] || Kadipur || 14,011
|-
| [[Kadipur]] || [[Nagar Panchayat]] || Kadipur || 8,010
|}

== Villages ==
In general, the rural population of Sultanpur district mostly live in villages, although individual houses are often found isolated, especially in the historical pargana of [[Chanda, Sultanpur|Chanda]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> In the eastern part of the district, the villages tend to be small with lots of hamlets.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> This is largely attributed to the historical prevalence of ''[[shankalp]]'', a form of under-propriety tenure, in the area; the holders of this tenure would often found small hamlets on the land they held.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

Historically, most houses were built from mud, with [[thatched roof]]s.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/> A few larger brick houses could also be found in some places, generally belonging to well-off merchants, landowners, and/or prominent members of the Muslim community.<ref name="Gazetteer 1903"/>

== Demographics ==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=10,97,006|13=1911|14=10,61,205|15=1921|16=10,16,338|17=1931|18=10,64,516|19=1941|20=11,15,311|21=1951|22=12,98,249|23=1961|24=14,18,750|25=1971|26=16,49,258|27=1981|28=20,50,140|29=1991|30=25,71,706|31=2001|32=32,14,832|33=2011|34=37,97,117|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
| caption=Sultanpur district: mother-tongue of population, according to the 2011 Census.<ref name="census2011-C16"/>
|label1 = Hindi
|value1 = 73.26
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = Awadhi
|value2 = 23.40
|color2 = Tomato
|label3 = Urdu
|value3 = 3.08
|color3 = Green
|label4 = Others
|value4 = 0.26
|color4 = Gray
}}

[[Hindi]] is the official language of the district with [[Urdu]] as additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=8 August 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> Languages spoken by the denizens of the district include [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], a dialect in the [[Hindi language (generic)|Hindi]] [[Dialect continuum|continuum]] spoken by over 38 million people, mainly in the [[Awadh]] region.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|editor=M. Paul Lewis|encyclopedia=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|title=Awadhi: A language of India|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=awa|access-date=28 September 2011|edition=16th|year=2009|publisher=SIL International|location=Dallas, Texas}}</ref> At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 73.26% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]], 23.30% [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] and 3.08% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref name="census2011-C16"/>

The 2011 Indian census used the old district boundaries, where Sultanpur district consisted of Amethi, Gauriganj, Jaisinghpur, Kadipur, Lambhua, Musafirkhana, and Sultanpur sub-districts (tehsils). When [[Amethi district]] was created, Amethi, Gauriganj, and Musafirkhana sub-districts were moved to Amethi district. The effect of this change is shown in the table below as "new boundaries" - it does not take account of Baldirai sub-district, which did not exist at the time of the 2011 census.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! colspan=6| Sultanpur district: mother-tongue of population, according to the 2011 Census.<ref name="census2011-C16">{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Uttar Pradesh |url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=15 July 2020}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! rowspan=2 | Mother tongue code
! rowspan=2 | Mother tongue
! colspan=2 | Old boundaries
! colspan=2 | "New boundaries"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! People
! Percentage
! People
! Percentage
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 002007 || [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 597
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.02%
| style="text-align:right;" | 305
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.01%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 006030 || [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 888,371
| style="text-align:right;" | 23.40%
| style="text-align:right;" | 570,720
| style="text-align:right;" | 25.38%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 006102 || [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,889
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.08%
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,707
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.08%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 006142 || [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,700
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.07%
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,210
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.05%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 006240 || [[Hindi]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,781,822
| style="text-align:right;" | 73.26%
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,574,982
| style="text-align:right;" | 70.03%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 015043 || [[Odia language|Odia]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 628
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.02%
| style="text-align:right;" | 334
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.01%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 016038 || [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 887
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.02%
| style="text-align:right;" | 757
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.03%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 017002 || [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 323
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.01%
| style="text-align:right;" | 322
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.01%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 022015 || [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 116,980
| style="text-align:right;" | 3.08%
| style="text-align:right;" | 97,919
| style="text-align:right;" | 4.35%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 028001 || [[Arabic]]/Arbi
| style="text-align:right;" | 391
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.01%
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.00%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| style="text-align:center;" | –
|| [[Languages of India|Others]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,529
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.04%
| style="text-align:right;" | 771
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.03%
|-valign=top class="sortbottom"
| colspan=2 | Total
| style="text-align:right;" | 3,797,117
| style="text-align:right;" | 100.00%
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,249,036
| style="text-align:right;" | 100.00%
|-
|}

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title= Religions in Sultanpur
district
|titlebar = #Fcd116
|left1 =Religion
|right1 =Percent
|float =right
|bars=
{{bar percent
|[[Hindus]]|orange|82.16}}
{{bar percent
|[[Muslims]]|green|17.13}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.71}}
}}

==Colleges==
*[[Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology]]
*[[Government Polytechnic Kenaura Sultanpur]]

==Notable people==

*[[Prem Adib]], actor from Sultanpur city
*[[Sripati Mishra]], former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
*[[Ajmal Sultanpuri]], Urdu poet native of Harakhpur village
*[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]], Urdu poet and lyricist in India's [[Bollywood|Hindi language film industry]]
*[[D. P. Tripathi]], politician and former general secretary of the [[Nationalist Congress Party]], from Sultanpur city
*[[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjay_Singh_(Indian_politician)]]

==See also==
* [[Faizabad district]]
* [[Jaunpur district]]
* [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Sultanpur district
|North = [[Faizabad district]]
|Northeast = [[Ambedkar Nagar district]]
|East = [[Azamgarh district]]
|Southeast = [[Jaunpur district]]
|South = [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh district]]
|Southwest = [[Amethi district]]
|West = [[Rae Bareli district]]
|Northwest = [[Bara Banki district]]
}}

{{Sultanpur district}}
{{Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|26|15|N|82|00|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}}

{{Uttar Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sultanpur District}}
[[Category:Sultanpur district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Faizabad division]]

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Sultanpur district