Artificial intelligence in India

2026-08-25T07:41:08Z

2405:201:7005:F004:849F:9E90:27A:E4BF: Proper references in place

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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}

The '''[[artificial intelligence]]''' (AI) market in India is projected to reach $8 billion by 2025, growing at 40% [[CAGR]] from 2020 to 2025.<ref name="trade">{{cite web |url=https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/india-artificial-intelligence |title=India Artificial Intelligence |date=30 April 2024 |publisher=International Trade Administration |access-date=2024-07-20}}</ref> This growth is part of the broader [[AI boom]], a global period of rapid technological advancements with India being pioneer starting in the early 2010s with NLP based Chatbots from [[Haptik]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madanapalle |first=Aditya |date=2017-10-10 |title=Inside Haptik.ai, a made in India and for India personal assistant and end to end chatbot platform |url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/news-analysis/inside-haptik-ai-a-made-in-india-and-for-india-personal-assistant-and-end-to-end-chatbot-platform-4128927.html |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> Corover.ai, [[Niki.ai]] and then gaining prominence in the early 2020s based on [[reinforcement learning]], marked by breakthroughs such as [[Generative artificial intelligence|generative AI]] models from [[Kruti|Krutrim]], Sarvam, CoRover, [[OpenAI]] and [[AlphaFold|Alphafold]] by [[Google DeepMind]]. In India, the development of AI has been similarly transformative, with [[Artificial intelligence in healthcare|applications in healthcare]], finance, and education, bolstered by government initiatives like [[NITI Aayog]]'s 2018<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-03/National-Strategy-for-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf}}</ref> National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence. Institutions such as the [[Indian Statistical Institute]] and the [[Indian Institute of Science]] published breakthrough AI research papers and patents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Raghotham |date=12 September 2024 |title=IISc scientists develop brain-inspired analog computing platform |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/technology/iisc-scientists-report-computing-breakthrough-3187052 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-09-15 |title=IISc scientists achieve breakthrough in AI hardware |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2024/Sep/15/iisc-scientists-achieve-breakthrough-in-ai-hardware |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnani |first=Meeta |date=2022-01-27 |title=ISI director & AI researcher wins Padma Shri for contributions to science & engineering |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/isi-director-ai-researcher-wins-padma-shri-for-contributions-to-science-engineering/ |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

India's transformation to AI is primarily being driven by [[Startup India|startups]] and government initiatives & policies like [[Digital India]]. By fostering technological trust through [[digital public infrastructure]], India is tackling socioeconomic issues by taking a bottom-up approach to AI. [[NASSCOM]] and [[Boston Consulting Group]] estimate that by 2027, India's AI services might be valued at $17 billion.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rajvanshi |first=Astha |date=2024-09-05 |title=India Is Emerging as a Key Player in the Global AI Race |url=https://time.com/7018294/india-ai-artificial-intelligence-ambani/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}</ref> According to 2025 Technology and Innovation Report, by [[UN Trade and Development]], India ranks 10th globally for private sector investments in AI.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=4 April 2025 |title=India ranks tenth with $1.4 billion private investment in Artificial Intelligence: United Nations report |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-ranks-tenth-with-14-billion-private-investment-in-artificial-intelligence-united-nations-report/article69411505.ece |access-date=20 May 2025 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> According to [[Mary Meeker]], India has emerged as a key market for AI platforms, accounting for the largest share of [[ChatGPT]]'s mobile app users and having the third-largest user base for [[DeepSeek (chatbot)|DeepSeek]] in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barik |first=Soumyarendra |date=2025-06-02 |title=India's rapid AI adoption, China's open source lead in focus in Mary Meeker report |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/china-india-rapid-ai-adoption-open-source-mary-meeker-report-10043217/ |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Meeker |first1=Mary |last2=Simons |first2=Jay |last3=Chae |first3=Daegwon |last4=Krey |first4=Alexander |date=30 May 2025 |title=Trends – Artificial Intelligence; BOND; May 2025 |url=https://www.bondcap.com/report/pdf/Trends_Artificial_Intelligence.pdf |access-date=3 June 2025 |website=bondcap.com}}</ref>

While AI presents significant opportunities for economic growth and social development in India, challenges such as data privacy concerns, skill shortages, and ethical considerations need to be addressed for responsible AI deployment.<ref name="carnegie">{{cite web |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2016/08/india-and-the-artificial-intelligence-revolution?lang=en |title=India and the Artificial Intelligence Revolution |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |access-date=2024-07-20}}</ref> The growth of AI in India has also led to an increase in the number of [[Cyberattack|cyberattacks]] that use AI to target organizations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2025 |title=Nearly 95% Indian Firms Hit By AI-linked Security Incidents In Past Year: Study |url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/nearly-95-indian-firms-hit-by-ai-linked-security-incidents-in-past-year-study-557175 |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=BW Businessworld}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Early days (1960s-1980s) ===
The [[TIFRAC]] (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Automatic Calculator) was designed and developed by a team led by [[Rangaswamy Narasimhan]] between 1954 and 1960. He worked on [[pattern recognition]] from 1961 to 1964 at the [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]]'s Digital Computer Laboratory. In order to conduct research on database technology, [[computer networking]], [[computer graphics]], and [[System software|systems software]], he and [[M. G. K. Menon]] founded the National Centre for Software Development and Computing Techniques.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2008 |title=Rangaswamy Narasimhan: Doyen of Computer Science and Technology |url=https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/reso/013/05/0407-0409 |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=Resonance |agency=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> In 1965, he established the [[Computer Society of India]] and supervised the initial research work on AI at [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]. Jagdish Lal launched the first computer science program in 1976 at [[Motilal Nehru Regional Engineering College]]. [[H. K. Kesavan]] from the [[University of Waterloo]] and [[Vaidyeswaran Rajaraman]] from the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] joined the [[IIT Kanpur]] Electrical Engineering Department in 1963–1964 as Assistant Professor and Head of Department, respectively. H.N. Mahabala, who was employed at [[Bendix Corporation]]'s Computer Division, joined the department in 1965. He previously worked with [[Marvin Minsky]]. The IIT Kanpur Computer Center was led by H. K. Kesavan, with Vaidyeswaran Rajaraman serving as his deputy. Kesavan informally permitted Rajaraman and Mahabala to introduce artificial intelligence into computer science classes. The computer science program was approved by IIT Kanpur in 1971 and split out from the electrical engineering department. In 1973, an [[IBM System/370 Model 155]] was installed at [[IIT Madras]]. [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]], head of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at [[Stanford University]] visited IIT Kanpur in 1971. He donated [[PDP-1]] with a [[time-sharing operating system]]. During the 1970s, the balance of payments deficit in India restricted import of computers. The Department of Computer Science and Automation at the [[Indian Institute of Science]] established in 1969, played an important role in nurturing the development of data science and artificial intelligence in India. First course on AI was introduced in 1970's by G. Krishna. [[B. L. Deekshatulu]] introduced the first course on pattern recognition in early 1970s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=16 July 2024 |title=Artificial Intelligence Appreciation Day. Celebrating the Impact and Future of AI |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=151932&ModuleId=3&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=Press Information Bureau |agency=Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2022 |title=CSE at IITK: The DEC-1090 years. Remembering Rajeev Motwani. From IITK to IBM |url=https://iitk.ac.in/dora/spark/issue-3/spark-issue-3.pdf |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=The Spark}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandru |first=Vijay |date=2020-12-21 |title=The academic legacy of AI in India |url=https://www.historiansofthenow.org/post/the-academic-legacy-of-ai-in-india |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=Historians of the Now |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Landscape of Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning Research in India |url=https://itihaasa.com/public/pdf/LandscapeofAI-MLResearch.pdf |access-date=30 January 2025 |work=Itihaasa Research and Digital}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Smita |date=2018-06-15 |title=Top 10 Machine Learning Researchers In India |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-features/top-10-machine-learning-researchers-in-india/ |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Foundation phase ===

==== 1980s ====
In the 1980s, the [[Indian Statistical Institute]]'s '''Optical Character Recognition Project''' was one of the country's first attempts at studying artificial intelligence and machine learning. OCR technology has benefited greatly from the work of ISI's Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit, which is headed by [[Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri]]. He also contributed in the development of [[computer vision]] and [[digital image processing]].<ref name="ieee2">{{cite web |title=IEEE Life Fellow Dictionary |url=https://services27.ieee.org/fellowsdirectory/getdetailprofile.html?custNum=wuV%2FRGDgNqLkDSNuwOHoig%3D%3D&bccaptions=Chronological&bclocations=%2Ffellowsdirectory%2FmenuCHRONOLOGICAL.html%3FbeginYr%3D2001%26endYr%3D2001 |accessdate=20 November 2018 |publisher=IEEE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit |url=https://cvpru.isical.ac.in/content/computer-vision-and-pattern-recognition-unit |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=Indian Statistical Institute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A pioneer developer of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) System for Bangla and Devnagri script. |url=https://www.isical.ac.in/~cvpr/CVPR-WebSite/index.html |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=CVPR Unit |agency=Indian Statistical Institute}}</ref> As part of the '''Indian Fifth Generation Computer Systems Research Programme''', the [[Department of Electronics & IT|Department of Electronics]], with support from the [[United Nations Development Programme]], initiated the '''Knowledge Based Computer Systems Project''' in 1986, marking the beginning of India's first major AI research program. [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Rajiv Gandhi]] requested that the Department of Electronics and [[IISc]] to initiate the '''Parallel Processing Project''' in 1986–1987. The [[Centre for Development of Advanced Computing|Center for Development of Advanced Computing]] eventually joined those efforts. IIT Madras was selected to develop system diagnosis, [[Indian Statistical Institute|ISI]] for image processing, [[National Centre for Software Technology]] for [[natural language processing]] and [[TIFR]] for [[speech processing]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Saint-Dizier |first=Patrick |date=1991-06-15 |title=The Knowledge-Based Computer System Development Program of India: A Review |url=https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/898 |journal=AI Magazine |language=en |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=33 |doi=10.1609/aimag.v12i2.898 |issn=2371-9621}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 March 1998 |title=Supercomputer Unveiled |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/supercomputer-unveiled-198033001036_1.html |access-date=30 January 2025 |work=Business Standard}}</ref>

In 1987, the proposal of [[N. Seshagiri]], Director General of the [[National Informatics Centre]] for the prototype development of supercomputer was cleared.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ninan |first=T.N |date=1987-11-15 |title=Government approves ambitious project to indigenously develop prototype supercomputer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19871115-government-approves-ambitious-project-to-indigenously-develop-prototype-supercomputer-799502-1987-11-14 |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=B K |date=23 November 2024 |title=Supercomputers: Tracing India's journey |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/science/supercomputers-tracing-india-s-journey-3288243 |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Negotiations for a [[Cray supercomputer]] were underway between the [[Reagan administration]] and the [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv Gandhi government]]. US Defense Secretaries [[Frank Carlucci]] and [[Caspar Weinberger]] visited [[New Delhi]] after the US approved the transfer in 1988. The sale of a lower-end XMP-14 supercomputer was permitted in lieu of the [[Cray]] XMP-24 supercomputer due to security concerns. The Center for Development of Advanced Computing was formally established in March 1988 by the [[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]] (previously the Ministry of IT) within the [[Department of Information Technology]] (formerly the Department of Electronics) in response to a recommendation made to the Prime Minister by the Scientific Advisory Council. The '''National Initiative in Supercomputing''', which produced the [[PARAM|PARAM series]], was led by [[Vijay P. Bhatkar]]. For the first ten years, supercomputing and Indian language computing were the two main focus areas. [[C-DAC]] has expanded its operations in order to meet the needs in a number of domains, including network and internet software, [[real-time systems]], artificial intelligence, and [[Natural language processing|NLP]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Auerbach |first=Stuart |date=31 October 1986 |title=U.S. to Let India Buy Supercomputer |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1986/11/01/us-to-let-india-buy-supercomputer/af0fcff7-cb2e-4485-b27b-de5d29625ef7/ |access-date=30 January 2025 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-06-06 |title=Reagan and India: Great Expectations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/reagan-and-india-great-expectations/articleshow/722192.cms |access-date=2025-01-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vasuki |first=S.N. |date=1989-03-15 |title=Indian supercomputer progresses |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19890315-indian-supercomputer-progresses-815885-1989-03-14 |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2005-01-13 |title=Target: Teraflops |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/advertorial/article30203102.ece |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pitroda |first=Sam |date=2024-08-20 |title=Vignettes of working with Rajiv Gandhi: How C-DAC was set up in 1988 |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/vignettes-of-working-with-rajiv-gandhi-how-c-dac-was-set-up-in-1988 |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri Vijay Pandurang Bhatkar |url=https://msubaroda.ac.in/Distinguishedalumnidetail?id=194 |access-date=4 June 2025 |website=The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda}}</ref>

Under the direction of Professor KV Ramakrishnamacharyulu from [[National Sanskrit University]] and Professor Rajeev Sangal from the [[International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]], the Akshar Bharati Research Group was established in 1984 with support from IIT Kanpur and the [[University of Hyderabad]] for computational processing of [[Indian languages (India)|Indian languages]]. They focused on [[computational linguistics]], NLP with ontological database systems, and Indian language/translation theories with linguistic tradition.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sangal |first1=Rajeev |last2=Chaitanya |first2=Vineet |date=2 August 2012 |title=NLP: A Paninian Perspective |url=https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/felicitation/sangal.pdf |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=University of Hyderabad}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Vyakarana |url=https://nsktu.ac.in/index.php/department-of-vyakarana/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210232454/https://nsktu.ac.in/index.php/department-of-vyakarana/ |archive-date=2024-12-10 |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=nsktu.ac.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-05-28 |title=Celebrating Rajeev Sangal - IIITH |url=https://fac-webpages.iiit.ac.in/celebrating-rajeev-sangal/event/ |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Dr. Rajeev Sangal |url=https://www.mahindrauniversity.edu.in/dr-rajeev-sangal/ |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=Mahindra University |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== 1990s ====
From IIT Kanpur, Mohan Tambe joined [[C-DAC]] in the 1990s to work on Graphics and Intelligence based Script Technology (GIST), which addressed the challenge of adapting personal computer software based on [[Latin script]] to [[Devanagari script|Devanagiri]] and a number of other Indian language scripts. He was previously working on the '''Machine Translation for Indian languages Project'''. Within C-DAC, he established the GIST group. The technology was expanded to encompass [[Natural language processing|NLP]], artificial intelligence-based machine-aided language learning and translation, multimedia and multilingual computing solutions, and more. GIST resulted in the creation of G-CLASS (GIST cross language search plug-ins suite), a cross-language search engine. The Applied Artificial Intelligence Group at C-DAC has developed some basic and novel applications in the field of NLP, including [[machine translation]], information extraction/retrieval, [[automatic summarization]], [[speech recognition]], [[Text-to-speech synthesizer|text-to-speech synthesis]], intelligent language teaching, and natural language-based document management with Decision Support Systems. These applications are the result of the foundation laid by previous language technology activities. Software firms in the Indian private sector began looking into AI applications, mostly in the area of [[business process automation]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-02-12 |title=A success story |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/advertorial/article30183690.ece |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref>

In order to allow machines to read, comprehend, and interpret [[human languages]], the Language Technologies Research Center was founded in October 1999 at the [[International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]]. It focused on the advancements in [[semantic parsing]], [[information extraction]], [[natural language generation]], [[sentiment analysis]], and [[Dialogue system|dialogue systems]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-12-10 |title=IIIT-Hyderabad's Language Technologies Research Centre celebrates its Silver Jubilee |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/technology/iiit-hyderabads-language-technologies-research-centre-celebrates-its-silver-jubilee-1845679 |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>

Some of the early AI research in India was driven by societal needs.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khemani |first=Deepak |date=2012 |title=A Perspective on AI Research in India |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1609/aimag.v33i1.2356 |journal=AI Magazine |language=en |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=96–98 |doi=10.1609/aimag.v33i1.2356 |issn=2371-9621}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=A Furtado |first1=Xavier |last2=Sen |first2=Aniruddha |date=June 1996 |title=Synthesis of unlimited speech in Indian languages using formant-based rules |url=https://www.ias.ac.in/public/Volumes/sadh/021/03/0345-0362.pdf |journal=Sādhanā |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=345–362 |doi=10.1007/BF02745528 |via=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agrawal |first=Shyam S |date=17 July 2008 |title=Development of Resources and Techniques for Processing of some Indian Languages |url=https://www.ldc.upenn.edu/sites/www.ldc.upenn.edu/files/agrawal2008.pdf |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=University of Pennsylvania}}</ref> For example;

* Eklavya, a knowledge-based program created by [[IIT Madras|IIT Madas]], helped [[Community health worker|community health workers]] deal with [[toddler]] illness symptoms by generating systematic case histories, offering basic treatment advice, or indicating when a [[Referral (medicine)|referral]] was necessary.
* The [[National Centre for Software Technology]] (NCST) created the Vidya language teaching system, which enhances educational quality through the use of speech-vision processing, [[Machine learning|ML]], and NLP.
* [[C-DAC]] created the Sarani flight-scheduling expert system.
* [[TIFR]] and the [[Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute]] created a [[Formant Synthesis|formant]]-based speech synthesis system for the [[Indian Railways]].
* [[IISc]] and [[ISRO]] built an image processing facility that uses AI and computer vision.

=== Growth phase ===
Around 2003, [[language technology]], [[computer vision]], and [[data science]] research groups were established at the [[International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]]. With an emphasis on applied and translational research, the institute has the largest group of AI and machine learning researchers in India as of 2023. They also work on blockchain and [[quantum computing]]. In partnership with [[Intel]], they created the Indian Driving Dataset, which contains the largest amount of road data for unstructured driving situations worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Pradeep |title=IIIT-Hyderabad has the largest group in AI and machine learning in India: Prof. P.J. Narayanan |url=https://www.dqindia.com/iiit-hyderabad-has-the-largest-group-in-ai-and-machine-learning-in-india-prof-p-j-narayanan/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Dataquest |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Government of Karnataka]] established the Machine Intelligence & Robotics CoE (MINRO) at the [[International Institute of Information Technology, Bengaluru]] in 2018 with the goal of creating frameworks and regulations for ethical and responsible AI technologies.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-03-02 |title=Siddaramaiah brings technology innovation under single umbrella |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/siddaramaiah-brings-technology-innovation-under-single-umbrella/article22911123.ece |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Machine Intelligence and Robotics (CoE-MINRO) |url=https://eitbt.karnataka.gov.in/it/public/129/minro-%28machine-intelligence-and-robotics%29/en |access-date=18 February 2025 |website=Department of Information Technology, Government of Karnataka}}</ref> It researches on [[human-machine interface]], [[Industrial robot|industrial robotics]] and [[automation]], data science and analysis, pattern recognition, [[machine intelligence]], and AI systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Gopika |date=2024-05-06 |title=7 Best Data Science and AI Institutes in India - Top IITs 2024 |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/deep-tech/7-leading-data-science-and-ai-institutes-in-india/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 7 September 2018, [[NITI Aayog]], [[Intel]], and [[TIFR]] announced their intention to establish [[International Center for Transformative Artificial Intelligence]] (ICTAI) in [[Bengaluru]] to support applied research. Under the National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence, it will create and implement AI-led application-based research projects on AI foundational frameworks, tools, and assets, such as curated datasets and distinctive AI algorithms in smart mobility, healthcare, and agriculture.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 September 2018 |title=NITI Aayog, Intel and TIFR collaborate to set up a Model International Center for Transformative AI (ICTAI) |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=183377 |access-date=5 June 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=NITI Aayog, Government of India.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waxman |first=Derek |date=2018-09-11 |title=NITI Aayog, TIFR and Intel Establish International Center for Transformative Artificial Intelligence |url=https://community.intel.com/t5/Blogs/Intel/Policy-Intel/NITI-Aayog-TIFR-and-Intel-Establish-International-Center-for/post/1333053 |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=community.intel.com |language=en}}</ref> On 16 November 2018, the [[Government of Maharashtra|Government of Maharastra]] signed [[MoU]] with the NITI Aayog and [[Wadhwani Institute for Artificial Intelligence]] to launch ICTAI for [[Rural health care in India|rural healthcare]] in collaboration with [[PATH (global health organization)|PATH]], Lords Education and Health Society, Wadhwani Initiative for Sustainable Healthcare, [[IIT Madras]], [[Sir Ratan Tata Trust]], and Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences. It will prioritize study, diagnosis, and treatment of illnesses such as [[Tuberculosis in India|tuberculosis]] and [[cancer]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2018 |title=Maharashtra Govt. launches AI Centre for rural healthcare |url=https://www.biospectrumindia.com/news/98/12041/maharashtra-govt-launches-ai-centre-for-rural-healthcare.html |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=biospectrumindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-14 |title=Mumbai: Artificial Intelligence centre for rural healthcare launched |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-artificial-intelligence-centre-for-rural-healthcare-launched-5445104/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

NITI Aayog signed partnership agreement with [[Microsoft]] in 2018 to help expedite the use of AI for the development and adoption of local language computing, and to create [[farm]] advice services. Microsoft-NITI Aayog Problem to Solution Incubation Test Bed will be established. Microsoft will also help develop AI-assisted models for [[diabetic retinopathy]] screening.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2018 |title=NITI Aayog Partners With Microsoft To Boost AI Accessibility In India |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/niti-aayog-partners-with-microsoft-to-boost-artificial-intelligence-ai-accessibility-in-india-1931340 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Agarwal |first=Surabhi |date=2018-10-12 |title=Microsoft and Niti Aayog partner to deploy AI solution |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/microsoft-and-niti-aayog-partner-to-deploy-ai-solution/articleshow/66184093.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

NITI Aayog drafted a proposal in 2019 to establish an institutional framework for AI. A cabinet note has been issued proposing to allocate ₹7,500 crore initially over three years for the establishment of 20 AI adaption centers, five core research institutes, and a cloud computing platform named AIRAWAT.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2020 |title=AIRAWAT - Establishing an AI Specific Cloud Computing Infrastructure for India |url=https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-01/AIRAWAT_Approach_Paper.pdf |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=NITI Aayog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Yogima |date=2019-05-20 |title=Niti Aayog proposes Rs 7,500-crore plan for Artificial Intelligence push |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/niti-aayog-proposes-rs-7500-crore-plan-for-artificial-intelligence-push/articleshow/69403255.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-04-11 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Acceleration phase ===
[[INDIAai]], a collaborative initiative of the National E-Government Division and [[NASSCOM]] for AI-related advancements, was introduced by [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]] on 30 May 2020. In partnership with Intel and the [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]], the '''Responsible AI for Youth Program''' was also introduced to foster the development of AI-related skills.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 May 2020 |title=IT Minister Launches National AI Portal of India. Inaugurate Intel India's Initiative to Promote AI among School Students |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1627950 |access-date=31 January 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Electronics & IT, Government of India}}</ref> The Yardi School of Artificial Intelligence was founded in September 2020 by [[IIT Delhi]] to advance research in AI, ML, and data science in the fields of healthcare, [[materials science]], robotics, [[industry 4.0]], [[weather prediction]], and transportation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Gopika |date=2024-05-06 |title=7 Best Data Science and AI Institutes in India - Top IITs 2024 |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/deep-tech/7-leading-data-science-and-ai-institutes-in-india/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> $10 million was contributed by [[Yardi Systems]]' Anant Yardi in 2021 for education, infrastructure and research related activities.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2021-11-12 |title=IIT-D alumnus gifts $10 million to his alma mater to develop labs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/iit-d-alumnus-gifts-10-million-to-his-alma-mater-to-develop-labs/article37466300.ece |access-date=2025-02-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Sharad Kumar Saraf and Sudarshan Kumar Saraf, the founders of Technocraft Industries, donated ₹15 [[crore]] to establish the Technocraft Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence at [[IIT Bombay]] in March 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-01 |title=IIT-Bombay receives Rs 15 crore for setting up AI centre. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/iit-bombay-receives-rs-15-crore-for-setting-up-ai-centre-/articleshow/81271333.cms |access-date=2025-02-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-14 |title=IITs set up schools, centres to foster research in AI |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/iits-set-up-schools-centres-to-foster-research-in-ai-101615746588661.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821115818/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/iits-set-up-schools-centres-to-foster-research-in-ai-101615746588661.html |archive-date=2022-08-21 |access-date=2025-02-06 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref> In 2021, the Mehta Family Foundation and [[IIT Guwahati]] signed an [[MoU]] to establish the Mehta Family School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kalita |first=Kangkan |date=2021-04-29 |title=IIT-Guwahati opens new chapter with school for data science, artificial intelligence |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/iit-guwahati-opens-new-chapter-with-school-for-data-science-artificial-intelligence/articleshow/82307930.cms |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

According to [[Stanford University]]'s annual AI Index report, India ranked fifth globally in 2022 in terms of investments received by businesses offering AI products and services.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ahaskar |first=Abhijit |date=2023-04-12 |title=India ranks 5th in countries with most AI investment |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/india-ranks-fifth-in-ai-startup-investments-receives-3-24bn-in-2022-stanford-report-11681314138709.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814205649/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/india-ranks-fifth-in-ai-startup-investments-receives-3-24bn-in-2022-stanford-report-11681314138709.html |archive-date=2024-08-14 |access-date=2025-01-23 |work=Mint |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, Indian software professionals made the most global contribution to nearly 24% of [[GitHub]] projects pertaining to AI.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-21 |title=Data {{!}} India tops AI projects in GitHub |url=https://www.thehindu.com/data/data-india-tops-ai-projects-in-github/article67214270.ece |access-date=2025-06-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science was officially opened by IIT Bombay on 28 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-20 |title=Inauguration of C-MinDS and AI.Impact Workshop - Indian Institute of Technology Bombay |url=https://acr.iitbombay.org/events_list/inauguration-of-c-minds-and-ai-impact-workshop/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720121957/https://acr.iitbombay.org/events_list/inauguration-of-c-minds-and-ai-impact-workshop/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2024-07-20 |access-date=2025-02-01 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science (C-MInDS) |url=https://www.minds.iitb.ac.in/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422094755/https://www.minds.iitb.ac.in/about |url-status=dead |archive-date=2024-04-22 |access-date=2025-02-01 |language=en}}</ref> The [[National Research Foundation (India)|National Research Foundation]] was created to advance research in a variety of fields, including AI with a budget of ₹50,000 crore for five years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Shanthi |date=2021-05-21 |title=What Are The Key AI Initiatives Of Indian Government? |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-features/what-are-the-key-ai-initiatives-of-indian-government/ |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2023 |title=Parliament passes the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (NRF) Bill, 2023 with the Rajya Sabha adopting the Bill by a voice vote |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1947230 |access-date=8 February 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India}}</ref>

The [[Union Cabinet]] approved an extension of the [[Digital India]] program in 2023, allocating ₹14,903 crore starting FY2021-22 to FY2025-26 for the addition of nine new supercomputers under the National Super Computer Mission. All 22 of the Schedule 8 languages will be available for [[Bhashini]]. There will be the establishment of three AI Centers of Excellence focused on sustainable cities, agriculture, and health.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2023 |title=Union Cabinet approves expansion of the Digital India programme with an outlay of ₹ 14,903 crore |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1949426 |access-date=8 February 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Union Cabinet, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-16 |title=Digital India expansion gets ₹14,903 crore outlay |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cabinet-approves-extension-of-digital-india-project-with-outlay-of-14903-crore/article67201285.ece |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] addressed international concerns about the negative use of artificial intelligence during a virtual [[G20]] conference hosted by India in November 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-23 |title=PM Modi calls for global regulation of AI |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/pm-modi-calls-for-global-regulation-of-ai/articleshow/105423735.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-01-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

To assist the Indian government and policymakers on data science and AI-related policy issues, [[Sunil Wadhwani]] gave ₹110 crore to [[IIT Madras]] in 2024 for Wadhwani School of Data Science and AI. The institute will combine fundamental and applied research in systems biology, manufacturing, energy and the environment, healthcare, agriculture, smart cities and transportation, financial analytics, and defense.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Basu |first=Sreeradha |date=2024-01-30 |title=IIT-Madras gets Rs 110 crore endowment from Sunil Wadhwani |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/iit-madras-gets-rs-110-crore-endowment-from-sunil-wadhwani/articleshow/107260336.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

India invested {{INRConvert|10371.92|c|lk=on}} on '''IndiaAI Mission'''.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=P |first1=Suraksha |last2=Roy |first2=Annapurna |date=2024-03-08 |title=Union Cabinet approves Rs 10,372-crore India AI mission |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/union-cabinet-approves-rs-10372-crore-india-ai-mission/articleshow/108306007.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-24 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ghosh |first=Sahana |date=2024-03-17 |title=India's US$1.25 billion push to power AI |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d44151-024-00035-5 |journal=Nature India |language=en |doi=10.1038/d44151-024-00035-5|url-access=subscription }}</ref> With a budget of ₹990 crore, [[Ministry of Education (India)|Minister for Education]] [[Dharmendra Pradhan]] announced on 15 October 2024, the creation of three AI Centers of Excellence in [[New Delhi]]: one for agricultural (under [[IIT Ropar]]), one for sustainable cities (under [[IIT Kanpur]]), and one for healthcare (under [[AIIMS]] and [[IIT Delhi]]).<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2024 |title=Dharmendra Pradhan announces 3 'Centres of Excellence' in AI for healthcare, agriculture, and sustainable cities |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/dharmendra-pradhan-announces-3-centres-of-excellence-in-ai-for-healthcare-agriculture-and-sustainable-cities20241015173837/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> The Center for Generative AI, Shrijan at [[IIT Jodhpur]] was established on 25 October 2024 by [[Meta Platforms]] and IndiaAI to support long-term sustainability of [[Foundation model|Foundation Models]] and [[GenAI|GenAI research]] in healthcare, education, agriculture, smart cities, smart mobility, sustainability, financial inclusion, and social inclusion. Additionally, the '''YuvAI initiative for Skilling and Capacity Building''' was launched in collaboration with the [[All India Council for Technical Education]] to advance [[Open source ai|open-source AI]]. Meta has pledged to donate up to ₹750 [[Lakh|lakhs]] over a three-year period. [[Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya]], the [[Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences|Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences]], the [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]], and the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur]], will work together with Shrijan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2024 |title=IndiaAI at MeitY & Meta collaborates to advance Open Source AI Innovation, R&D and Skill Development in India |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2068251 |access-date=22 February 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Electronics & IT, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2024 |title=IndiaAI, Meta announce establishment of Center for Generative AI, Shrijan at IIT Jodhpur |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/indiaai-meta-announce-establishment-of-center-for-generative-ai-shrijan-at-iit-jodhpur20241025230622/ |access-date=22 February 2025 |work=ANI}}</ref> In November 2024, the [[Karnataka government]] approved a ₹28 crore investment to construct a Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-11-15 |title=Centre of Excellence in AI to come up in Bengaluru |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/centre-of-excellence-in-ai-to-come-up-in-bengaluru/article68868424.ece |access-date=2025-02-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

From 2025 to 2027, [[Microsoft]] to invest {{INRConvert|25000|c|lk=on}} on [[Cloud computing|cloud]] and AI infrastructure.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-01-07 |title=Microsoft announces US $3bn investment over two years in India cloud and AI infrastructure to accelerate adoption of AI, skilling and innovation |url=https://news.microsoft.com/en-in/microsoft-announces-us-3bn-investment-over-two-years-in-india-cloud-and-ai-infrastructure-to-accelerate-adoption-of-ai-skilling-and-innovation/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Microsoft |language=en-IN}}</ref> The construction of a 3 [[Gigawatt|GW]] [[data center]] for AI services in [[Jamnagar]] was announced by [[Reliance Industries]] in 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rai |first=Saritha |date=24 January 2025 |title=Billionaire Mukesh Ambani Plans World's Biggest Data Center in India's Gujarat |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-01-23/billionaire-mukesh-ambani-plans-world-s-biggest-data-center-in-india-s-gujarat?srnd=phx-ai |access-date=25 February 2025 |work=Bloomberg}}</ref> On 12 June 2025, India's first locally developed, [[Multilingualism|multilingual]] [[agentic AI]], [[Kruti]], was introduced by Ola Krutrim.<ref name=":62">{{Cite news |last=Peerzada |first=Abrar |date=15 June 2025 |title=Bhavish Aggarwal's Krutrim bets on India-first AI to rival global peers |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/start-ups/krutrim-kruti-ai-bhavesh-aggarwal-india-localised-ai-assistant-125061500577_1.html |access-date=17 June 2025 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>

== National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems ==
The mission which has a five-year budget of ₹3,660 crore, was authorized by the Union Cabinet in December 2018 under the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]]. A technological vertical in AI and ML, [[IoT]], [[data bank]] and [[DaaS]], [[data analysis]], autonomous systems and robotics, [[cyber security]], and [[quantum engineering]] has been assigned to each of the 25 technological innovation hubs that have been formed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS) |url=https://nmicps.in/home/bannerimages/Quarterly_Bulletin_Oct_2023.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901204014/http://nmicps.in/home/bannerimages/Quarterly_Bulletin_Oct_2023.pdf | publisher=Department of Science and Technology Ministry of Science and Technology | date=October 2023 |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=nmicps.in}}</ref>

To translate academic research on AI at the proof-of-concept stage into commercially viable goods and services, IIT Kharagpur established the AI4ICPS Innovation Hub Foundation in 2020. Under the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS), the Department of Science and Technology awarded it a grant of ₹170 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Sejuti |date=2020-11-25 |title=IIT Kharagpur Sets Up AI & ML Innovation Hub To Transform The Industrial Sector With Scalable Application |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/iit-kharagpur-sets-up-ai-ml-hub-to-transform-industrial-sector-with-scalable-application/ |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2020 |title=IIT Kharagpur Innovation Hub On AI, ML To Translate Research To Industrially Scalable Products |url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/iit-kharagpur-innovation-hub-on-ai-ml-translate-research-industrially-scalable-products-2330044 |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

With a [[seed money]] of ₹230 [[crore]] from the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]] and the [[Government of Karnataka]], an Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Technology Park was established at the [[Indian Institute of Science]] as not-for-profit foundation in November 2020 for mission-mode research and development projects in cyber-security, healthcare, education, mobility, infrastructure, agriculture, and retail.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2020 |title=ARTPARK to usher in a new model of industry, academia and government collaboration in AI & Robotics for societal impact |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1677000 |access-date=18 February 2025 |website=Press Information Bureau |agency=Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-14 |title=Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Technology Park launched in IISc Bengaluru |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/artificial-intelligence-robotics-technology-park-launched-iisc-bengaluru-7819484/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

TiHAN at [[IIT Hyderabad]] hosted India's first Autonomous Navigations Testbed Facility (Aerial & Terrestrial) in 2022, which was opened by [[Jitendra Singh Rana]] from [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Ministry of Science and Technology]] to develop next-generation autonomous navigation technology.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Luthra |first=Swati |date=2022-07-04 |title=India's first autonomous navigation facility, TiHAN, launched at IIT Hyderabad |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/indias-first-autonomous-navigation-facility-tihan-launched-at-iit-hyderabad-11656943204369.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521041052/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/indias-first-autonomous-navigation-facility-tihan-launched-at-iit-hyderabad-11656943204369.html |archive-date=2024-05-21 |access-date=2025-02-07 |work=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=5 July 2022 |title=TiHAN: India's first technology innovation hub on autonomous navigation facility launched at IIT Hyderabad - ET Auto |url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/auto-technology/tihan-indias-first-technology-innovation-hub-on-autonomous-navigation-facility-launched-at-iit-hyderabad/92681196 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=ETAuto.com |language=en}}</ref>

To develop spectral and energy-efficient wireless communications technology for [[5G]] and [[5G-Advanced]], Kiran Kumar Kuchi of IIT Hyderabad and IIITB Comet Foundation in 2024 developed an O-RAN base station solution that triples capacity and improves cell coverage when compared to [[4G]] networks.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-02-09 |title=IIITB COMET Foundation devises solution for better connectivity of advanced radio networks |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/iiitb-comet-foundation-devises-solution-for-better-connectivity-of-advanced-radio-networks/article67828907.ece |access-date=2025-02-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

'''Technology Innovation Hubs'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 February 2022 |title=25 Technology Innovation Hubs across the country through NM-ICPS are boosting new and emerging technologies to power national initiatives |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1800518 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Location
!Area of research
|-
|AI4ICPS I-Hub Foundation
|[[IIT Kharagpur]]
|Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
|-
|TIH Foundation for IoT and IoE
|[[IIT Bombay]]
|[[Internet of things]] & Internet of everything
|-
|IIIT-H Data I-Hub Foundation
|[[International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]]
|Data Banks & Data Services, Data Analysis
|-
|I-HUB for Robotics and Autonomous Systems Innovation Foundation
|[[Indian Institute of Science|Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru]]
|Robotics & Autonomous Systems
|-
|IHUB NTIHAC Foundation
|[[IIT Kanpur]]
|Cyber Security and Cyber Security for Physical Infrastructure
|-
|IHUB Drishti Foundation
|[[IIT Jodhpur]]
|[[Computer vision]], [[Augmented reality|Augmented]] and [[virtual reality]]
|-
|Divyasampark IHUB Roorkee for Devices Materials and Technology Foundation
|[[IIT Roorkee]]
|Device Technology and Materials
|-
|IIT Patna Vishlesan I-hub Foundation
|[[IIT Patna]]
|Speech, Video & Text Analytics
|-
|IIT Madras Pravartak Technologies Foundation
|[[IIT Madras]]
|Sensors, Networking, Actuator & controls
|-
|NMICPS Technology Innovation Hub on Autonomous Navigation Foundation (TiHAN)
|[[IIT Hyderabad]]
|Autonomous Navigation and Data Acquisition systems
|-
|I-DAPT-HUB Foundation
|[[IIT (BHU) Varanasi]]
|Data Analytics & Predictive Technologies
|-
|IIT Guwahati Technology Innovation and Development Foundation
|[[IIT Guwahati]]
|Technologies for underwater exploration
|-
|IIT Mandi I-Hub and HCI Foundation
|[[IIT Mandi]]
|[[Human–computer interaction]]
|-
|I-Hub Foundation for Cobotics
|[[IIT Delhi]]
|[[Cobot|Collaborative robotics]]
|-
|IIT Ropar Technology and Innovation Foundation
|[[IIT Ropar]]
|Technologies for agriculture & water.
|-
|Technology Innovation in Exploration & Mining Foundation
|[[IIT (ISM) Dhanbad]]
|Technologies for mining
|-
|IIT Palakkad Technology I-Hub Foundation
|[[IIT Palakkad]]
|Intelligent collaborative systems
|-
|IIITB Comet Foundation
|[[International Institute of Information Technology, Bengaluru]]
|Advanced communication system
|-
|BITS BioCYTiH Foundation
|[[BITS Pilani]]
|Bio-Cyber-Physical Systems
|-
|IDEAS- Institute of Data Engineering, Analytics and Science Foundation
|[[Indian Statistical Institute]], [[Kolkata]]
|Data Science, Big Data Analytics and Data curation
|-
|IITI Drishti CPS Foundation
|[[IIT Indore]]
|System Simulation, Modelling & Visualization
|-
|IHUB Anubhuti-IIITD Foundation
|[[Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi]]
|[[Cognitive computing|Cognitive Computing]] & Social Sensing
|-
|I-Hub Quantum Technology Foundation
|[[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]]
|[[Quantum technology|Quantum technologies]]
|-
|IIT Tirupati Navavishkar I-Hub Foundation
|[[IIT Tirupati]]
|Positioning & Precision Technologies
|-
|IIT Bhilai Innovation and Technology Foundation
|[[IIT Bhilai]]
|[[Fintech]]
|}

== Legislation ==

India currently does not have specific laws regulating artificial intelligence (AI). However, the Indian government has introduced several initiatives and guidelines aimed at the responsible development and deployment of AI technologies.<ref name="morganlewis">{{cite web |url=https://www.morganlewis.com/blogs/sourcingatmorganlewis/2024/01/ai-regulation-in-india-current-state-and-future-perspectives |title=AI Regulation in India: Current State and Future Perspectives |publisher=Morgan Lewis |access-date=2024-07-20}}</ref><ref name="indiabriefing">{{cite web |url=https://www.india-briefing.com/news/india-regulation-of-ai-and-large-language-models-31680.html/ |title=Regulation of AI and Large Language Models in India |date=27 March 2024 |publisher=India Briefing |access-date=2024-07-20}}</ref> The Indian government has tasked [[NITI Aayog]], its apex public policy think tank, with establishing guidelines and policies for AI. In 2018, NITI Aayog released the '''National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence''', also known as '''#AIForAll''', which focuses on healthcare, agriculture, education, [[smart cities]], and [[smart mobility]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2018 |title=National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-03/National-Strategy-for-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=NITI Aayog}}</ref>

In 2021, NITI Aayog published the "Principles for Responsible AI," addressing ethical considerations for AI deployment in India. These principles cover system considerations, such as decision-making and accountability, and societal considerations, such as the impact of automation on employment. The second part of this document, "Operationalizing Principles for Responsible AI," released in August 2021, focuses on implementing these ethical principles through regulatory and policy interventions, capacity building, and incentivizing ethical practices.<ref name="morganlewis" /><ref name="indiabriefing" />

In 2023, the Indian government enacted the [[Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023|Digital Personal Data Protection Act]], which addresses some privacy concerns related to AI platforms. [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology|The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)]] has also issued advisories requiring platforms to obtain explicit permission before deploying unreliable AI models and to label AI-generated content to prevent misuse.<ref name="morganlewis" /><ref name="indiabriefing" /> India is a member of the [[Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence|Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI)]], which promotes the responsible use of AI through international collaboration. In 2023, the GPAI Summit was held in New Delhi, where experts discussed responsible AI, data governance, and the future of work.<ref name="morganlewis" />

Other Indian agencies, such as the [[Bureau of Indian Standards|Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)]], are also working on AI policies. BIS has established a committee to propose draft standards for AI, focusing on safety, reliability, and ethical considerations.<ref name="dataguidance">{{cite web |url=https://www.dataguidance.com/opinion/india-ai-regulation-current-state-and-future |title=India: AI regulation - current state and future perspectives |publisher=Data Guidance |access-date=2024-07-20}}</ref> India has not yet enacted specific AI regulations. However, the government has introduced measures to promote innovation and address ethical concerns and risks associated with AI. These efforts aim to support the growth of India's AI ecosystem and ensure responsible AI deployment.<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/india-will-regulate-ai-but-not-at-the-cost-of-innovation-govt-official-9335211/ |title=India will regulate AI, but not at the cost of innovation: Govt official |date=17 May 2024 |publisher=Indian Express |access-date=2024-07-20}}</ref>

India has launched an AI Data Bank aimed at fostering innovation and enhancing national security. This initiative is designed to harness the power of artificial intelligence by providing a centralized repository of data that can be utilized across various sectors, including governance, business, healthcare, education, and space exploration. By facilitating access to crucial information, the AI Data Bank will support research and development efforts, stimulate technological advancements, and bolster the country’s security framework. This strategic move underscores India's commitment to leveraging AI for national progress and safeguarding its interests in an increasingly digital world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AI for India: Advancing India's AI Development - Innovation, Ethics, and Governance |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2075176#:~:text=India%20Unveils%20AI%20Data%20Bank%20to%20Propel%20Innovation%20and%20Strengthen%20National%20Security&text=%22Artificial%20Intelligence%20(AI)%20is,ASSOCHAM%20AI%20Leadership%20Meet%202024. }}</ref>

== Bharat GPT initiative ==
The Bharat GPT is a non-profit initiative, started in February 2023.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Jindal |first=Siddharth |date=2024-03-18 |title=Everything You Need to Know About BharatGPT |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-features/everything-you-need-to-know-about-bharatgpt/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> The goal is to develop India focused [[Multilingualism|multilingual]], [[Multimodal learning|multimodal]] [[Large language model|large language models]] and [[generative pre-trained transformer]]. Together with the applications and implementation frameworks, the Bharat GPT Consortium intends to publish a series of [[Foundation model|foundation models]] in order to meet the needs of developers and businesses.<ref name=":8" /> The '''Bharat''' '''GPT Consortium''' was established in 2022 under the [[Public–private partnerships in India|public-private partnership]] with [[IIT Bombay]], [[Jio Platforms]], [[NASSCOM]], Seetha Mahalaxmi Healthcare, [[Bhashini#Background|Digital India Bhashini Division]] ([[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]]), [[IIT Madras]], [[IIT Mandi]], [[IIT Hyderabad]], [[IIT Kanpur]], [[International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]], and [[Indian Institute of Management Indore]] as members.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=2023-12-28 |title=Reliance Jio to partner with IIT-B for Bharat GPT |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/reliance-jio-to-partner-with-iit-b-for-bharat-gpt-101703703960287.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224060808/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/reliance-jio-to-partner-with-iit-b-for-bharat-gpt-101703703960287.html |archive-date=2024-02-24 |access-date=2025-02-28 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-03 |title=Jio working on Bharat GPT with IIT-B, says Akash Ambani |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/jio-working-on-bharat-gpt-with-iit-b-says-akash-ambani-9085539/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The Bharat GPT development team is led by Professor Ganesh Ramakrishnan of IIT Bombay as principal investigator, with support from Professor Mohan Raghavan and Professor Maunendra Sankar Desarkar of IIT Hyderabad, Professor Rohit Saluja of IIT Mandi, Professor V Kamakoti of IIT Madras, Professor Arnab Bhattacharya of IIT Kanpur, Professor Kshitij Jadhav of IIT Bombay, Professor Aditya Maheshwari of IIM Indore, and Professor Ravi Kiran of IIIT-Hyderabad.<ref name=":10" /> The text-based foundation model will be released first, followed by speech and video models. In addition to licensing commercial use, the effort has been [[Open-source artificial intelligence|open-sourcing]] a large portion of its work.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Mohit |date=2024-01-23 |title=BharatGPT Aims to Become Meta of Indic LLMs |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/it-services/bharatgpt-aims-to-become-meta-of-indic-llms/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Bharat GPT is anticipated to be activated by [[Speech recognition|speech]] and [[gesture recognition]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2023 |title=All about BharatGPT, the joint AI project of Reliance Jio & IIT Bombay |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/technology/all-about-bharatgpt-the-joint-ai-project-of-reliance-jio-iit-bombay-2829861 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

On 27 December 2023, Akash Ambani announced that Jio Platforms and IIT Bombay were collaborating on Bharat GPT program.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2023 |title=Jio working on 'Bharat GPT' with IIT-Bombay; to launch OS for televisions: Akash Ambani |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/business/jio-working-on-bharat-gpt-with-iit-bombay-to-launch-os-for-televisions-akash-ambani-575887/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Jio Platforms will assist Bharat GPT with specialized downstream telecom and retail applications by developing smaller, customized models.<ref name=":11" /> By investigating the potential of AI to foster innovation across a range of goods and services, Jio hopes to achieve its larger goal of establishing a whole ecosystem of growth through Bharat GPT.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goel |first=Yashika |date=2023-12-28 |title=India's "Bharatgpt" AI Will Be Built by Reliance Jio and IIT Bombay.. |url=https://www.businessoutreach.in/indias-bharatgpt-ai-will/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Business Outreach}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Surabhi |date=2023-12-28 |title=BharatGPT: Akash Ambani drops key updates on Reliance Jio-IIT Bombay's key AI project |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/technology-bharatgpt-akash-ambani-drops-key-updates-on-reliance-jio-iit-bombays-key-ai-project-bkg-3350016/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=FE Tech Bytes |language=en}}</ref> Bharat GPT Consortium is assisting in the interpretation of official documents, such as court orders, in close collaboration with the [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances]].<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":12" />

India's first [[ChatGPT]]-style service, will be launched in March 2024 by Bharat GPT Consortium, with assistance from the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]], and [[Reliance Industries]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-25 |title=BharatGPT Hanooman: All you need to know about the AI model developed by Reliance and 9 IITs across the country |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/bharatgpt-hanooman-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-ai-model-developed-by-reliance-and-9-iits-across-the-country/articleshow/107879328.cms |access-date=2025-02-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The four primary areas in which Bharat GPT sees its model operating are healthcare, financial services, governance, and education, supporting 11 [[Indian languages (India)|Indian languages]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rai |first=Saritha |date=20 February 2024 |title=AI Model Backed by Asia's Richest Person to Launch in March |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-21/an-ai-model-backed-by-mukesh-ambani-speeds-toward-a-march-india-rollout |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306224444/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-21/an-ai-model-backed-by-mukesh-ambani-speeds-toward-a-march-india-rollout |archive-date=2024-03-06 |access-date=2025-02-27 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Hanooman series ===
Seetha Mahalaxmi Healthcare (SML) revealed the Hanooman series [[Large language model|LLM]] in February 2024 in collaboration with the Bharat GPT Consortium. Among the Hanooman series, the first four AI models—1.5 billion, 7 billion, 13 billion, and 40 billion parameters in size—will be made available as [[Open source|open-source]] after being trained on 22 Indian languages. The ability to generate text-to-text, [[Text-to-video model|text-to-video]], [[speech synthesis]] and [[speech recognition]] will be aided by Hanooman's [[multimodal learning]] capability. SML is negotiating with healthcare organizations, [[BFSI]], and mobile app developers to create customized models by refining the Hanooman series. The healthcare model VizzhyGPT is the first of these refined iterations, having been trained on extensive [[multiomics]], [[clinical research]], and [[electronic health record]] data.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Lohchab |first=Himanshi |date=2024-02-20 |title=SML in partnership with BharatGPT ecosystem unveils 'Hanooman' Indic LLMs |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/bharatgpt-consortium-unveils-hanooman-a-series-of-indic-large-language-models/articleshow/107857921.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-27 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Hanooman's [[alpha version]], which lacks multimodal features and internet access, was launched on 10 May 2024, in 98 international languages, including 12 Indian languages ([[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Kannada]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]], and [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]). It enables tutoring, coding, and conversation. The platform is collaborating with [[NASSCOM]], [[Hewlett-Packard]], and the [[Government of Telangana]]. [[Yotta Infrastructure]] will supply GPU cloud infrastructure. As of 14 May 2024, the Hanooman chatbot is accessible via both a [[Web client|web-client]] and an [[Android application]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Ashutosh |date=10 May 2024 |title=Indian GenAI platform Hanooman goes live in 98 global languages |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/indian-genai-platform-hanooman-goes-live-in-98-global-languages-124051000962_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516072238/https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/indian-genai-platform-hanooman-goes-live-in-98-global-languages-124051000962_1.html |archive-date=2024-05-16 |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-14 |title=A Bhartiya AI: Hanooman AI launched in India, works in 98 languages including 12 Indian |url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/a-bhartiya-ai-hanooman-ai-launched-in-india-works-in-98-languages-including-12-indian-13770720.html |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref>

Hanooman is jointly owned by SML and 3AI Holding Limited, an AI [[investment company]] based in [[Abu Dhabi]]. Both businesses will own 50% share under joint ownership arrangement. In order to improve Hanooman's text, voice, image, and coding capabilities for users, it will be able to access 3AI Holding's Omega [[GenAI]], which is being created with 665 billion [[Parameter|parameters]] and 20 trillion tokens. For business clients, Hanooman will launch a [[Proprietary software|proprietary model]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Paromita |date=2024-04-04 |title=3AI and SML Partner to Jointly Own GenAI platform Hanooman |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/news-and-trends/3ai-and-sml-partner-to-jointly-own-genai-platform-hanooman/472171 |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-04 |title=Abu Dhabi's 3AI, SML in pact to jointly own Indian genAI platform Hanooman |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/3ai-holding-sml-in-pact-to-jointly-own-genai-platform-hanooman/articleshow/109038811.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-27 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== BharatGen ==
BharatGen, formerly BharatGPT, marks the next phase of India’s sovereign AI development efforts. IIT Bombay Professor Ganesh Ramakrishnan thought of creating a homegrown solution that would use [[GenAI]] and take into account the linguistic and cultural diversity of India. An [[open source|open-source]], [[Multimodal learning|multimodal]], [[Multilingualism|multilingual]], India-centric [[foundation model]] called BharatGen was formally introduced on 30 September 2024. With an investment of less than {{INRConvert|235|c|lk=on|year=2024}}, the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]] is funding the project under National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems. Due to security concerns in mission-critical applications like defense, the project gained strategic importance and aims to reduce reliance on foreign AI models. Professor Ganesh Ramakrishnan has been advocating for a [[Public–private partnerships in India|public–private partnership]] in AI through the Bharat GPT program. The earlier Bharat GPT efforts have taken on a more formal role in the BharatGen project, which is anticipated for completion by 2026.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Mohit |date=2024-10-02 |title=Government of India Launches BharatGen, First Government-Funded Multimodal AI Initiative |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/government-of-india-launches-bharatgen-first-government-funded-multimodal-ai-initiative/ |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Mohit |date=2025-02-24 |title=This Govt-Funded ₹235 Cr AI Initiative is India's Real Answer to DeepSeek |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-features/this-govt-funded-%E2%82%B9235-cr-ai-initiative-is-indias-real-answer-to-deepseek/ |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

As a national mission, BharatGen has been set up to facilitate inter-ministerial cooperation by taking [[whole-of-government approach]]. The AI will be developed from the ground up, guaranteeing that all [[intellectual property]] stays in the country. IndiaAI Compute Facility will spearhead the project. BharatGen will have robust academic base, incorporating faculty and research institutions into its ecosystem to guarantee sustained innovation. [[Yotta Infrastructure]], and Neysa are providing [[Cloud computing|cloud support]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Mohit |date=2025-02-24 |title=This Govt-Funded ₹235 Cr AI Initiative is India's Real Answer to DeepSeek |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-features/this-govt-funded-%E2%82%B9235-cr-ai-initiative-is-indias-real-answer-to-deepseek/ |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Mohit |date=2025-01-29 |title=India Will Have its Own LLM Soon, Says IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/india-will-have-its-own-llm-soon-says-it-minister-ashwini-vaishnaw/ |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Backend (computing)|backend]] [[algorithm]] development and the necessary technical work was done by a collaborative team from BharatGen consortium. As of February 2025, the BharatGen consortium has 50–60 researchers and a wide range of student contributors from the [[Indian Institute of Management Indore]], the [[International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]], [[IIT Bombay]], [[IIT Kanpur]], [[IIT Hyderabad]], [[IIT Mandi]], and [[IIT Madras]]. BharatGen consortium will work with behavioral economists, engineers, AI researchers, and design specialists, to develop a multidisciplinary strategy to use AI to address India's problems. The AI model takes into account the 1,600 languages and scripts that make up the Indian knowledge system. Each institute of the consortium is investigating particular tasks to create models in [[Speech recognition|voice]], [[Language model|language]], and [[Computer vision|vision]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandit |first=Niraj |date=2024-10-04 |title=BharatGen geared to put a desi spin on ChatGPT, IIT-Bombay plays role |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/bharatgen-geared-to-put-a-desi-spin-on-chatgpt-101727982824794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004070214/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/bharatgen-geared-to-put-a-desi-spin-on-chatgpt-101727982824794.html |archive-date=2024-10-04 |access-date=2025-02-26 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite news |date=18 December 2024 |title=Parliament Question: Launch of BharatGen |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2085534 |access-date=26 February 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India}}</ref>

As of 30 January 2025, the framework for the AI model is ready. The development team has spent the last one and a half years working on the project. The initial version should be available in four to ten months, according to [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]], Minister of Electronics and IT.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garg |first=Ankita |date=2025-01-30 |title=India to develop its own AI model like ChatGPT and DeepSeek in 10 months: Ashwini Vaishnaw |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/india-to-develop-its-own-ai-model-like-chatgpt-and-deepseek-in-10-months-ashwini-vaishnaw-2672368-2025-01-30 |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In order to concentrate on primary data collection, BharatGen started the [[Bharat Data Sagar]] initiative, a multilingual repository for AI research. The goal of this data collection is to satisfy the need for training data for Indian languages that are underrepresented in [[Data corpus|data corpora]]. It will capture the Indian linguistic nuances, which are frequently disregarded in international AI models. BharatGen offers tools and technologies to facilitate the creation of region specific tailored content by translating between local languages and dialects. In order to accurately portray India's languages, dialects, and cultural context, BharatGen focuses on gathering and curating data unique to the nation.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":6" />

Using [[Computer vision|vision]] language models, BharatGen launched e-vikrAI in October 2024. It makes e-commerce easier for non-English speaking vendors by automating the cataloguing process and doing away with the need for human input. Sellers only need to provide an image of their product to get auto-generated titles, descriptions, features, and pricing recommendations. e-vikrAI improves accessibility by translating and vocalizing product descriptions in Indian languages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Mohit |date=2024-10-16 |title=BharatGen Launches e-vikrAI, Vision Language Model for Indic e-Commerce |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/bharatgen-launches-e-vikrai-vision-language-model-for-indic-e-commerce/ |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-10-25 |title=Two Hyderabad research institutes lead country's AI revolution with BharatGen's e-VikrAI |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/two-hyderabad-research-institutes-lead-countrys-ai-revolution-with-bharatgens-e-vikrai-1833071 |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>

== IndiaAI Mission and compute facility ==
The '''IndiaAI Mission''' was approved in 7 March 2024 consisting of seven core pillars, and an allocation of {{INRConvert|10371.92|c|lk=on}} across various components as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Core pillars
!Fund allocation for 2024-2029
|-
|IndiaAI Compute
|{{INRConvert|4563.36|c|lk=on}}
|-
|IndiaAI Datasets Platform
|{{INRConvert|199.55|c|lk=on}}
|-
|IndiaAI Application Development Initiatives
|{{INRConvert|689.05|c|lk=on}}
|-
|IndiaAI FutureSkills
|{{INRConvert|882.94|c|lk=on}}
|-
|IndiaAI Innovation Center
|{{INRConvert|1971.37|c|lk=on}}
|-
|IndiaAI Startup Financing
|{{INRConvert|1942.5|c|lk=on}}
|-
|Safe & Trusted AI
|{{INRConvert|20.46|c|lk=on}}
|}
Additionally, IndiaAI Overheads and Contingency received funding of {{INRConvert|102.69|c|lk=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Sakshi Sadashiv |date=2024-12-05 |title=IndiaAI Mission: Rs. 10,372 Cr Budget Breakdown Revealed |url=https://www.medianama.com/2024/12/223-indiaai-mission-expenditure-budget/ |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=MEDIANAMA |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[digital public infrastructure]] framework for AI in India guarantees consent-based, ethically generated datasets while lowering dependency on foreign and [[synthetic data]].<ref name=":14">{{Cite news |date=6 March 2025 |title=Ashwini Vaishnaw unveils India AI compute portal, AIKosha and other AI initiatives on IndiaAI Mission anniversary to enable India's AI research and innovation ecosystem |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2108961 |access-date=4 June 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Electronics & IT, Government of India.}}</ref>

On 30 January 2025, [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]], the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology|Minister for Electronics and information Technology]], confirmed that the IndiaAI Mission would customize native AI solutions for the Indian context using [[Indian languages (India)|Indian languages]], supported by a state-of-the-art shared computing infrastructure. The initial AI model starts with a compute capacity of about 10,000 [[GPUs]], with the remaining 8693 GPUs to be added shortly. The facility includes 7,200 [[AMD Instinct#Products|AMD Instinct MI200]] and [[AMD Instinct#Products|MI300 series]], 12,896 [[Hopper (microarchitecture)#H100 accelerator and DGX H100|Nvidia H100]], and 1,480 [[Hopper (microarchitecture)#H100 accelerator and DGX H100|H200]] processors. The cost of computing the AI model will be less than [[₹]]100 per hour following a 40% government subsidy, with half-yearly and annual plans for developers, researchers, and students.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=30 January 2025 |title=With robust and high end Common computing facility in place, India all set to launch its own safe & secure indigenous AI model at affordable cost soon: Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2097709 |access-date=24 February 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Electronics & IT, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sur |first=Aihik |date=22 January 2025 |title=IndiaAI Mission selects 10 firms to bid for 10,000 GPU mega tender |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/indiaai-mission-selects-10-firms-to-bid-for-10-000-gpu-mega-tender-article-12916413.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129013128/https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/indiaai-mission-selects-10-firms-to-bid-for-10-000-gpu-mega-tender-article-12916413.html |archive-date=2025-01-29 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US}}</ref>

Startups, MSMEs, universities, researchers, students, and governmental organizations will all be able to access AI compute, network, storage, platform, and cloud services through the IndiaAI Compute Portal. Easy access to Nvidia H100, H200, [[A100 GPU|A100]], [[List of Nvidia graphics processing units#Tesla|L40S]], and [[List of Nvidia graphics processing units#Tesla|L4]], [[AMD Instinct#MI300 series|AMD MI300x]] and [[AMD Instinct#Products|325X]], [[Intel#'IDM 2.0' strategy|Intel Gaudi 2]], [[AWS Trainium]], and [[Inferentia]] will be made possible by the portal. Nearly 45% of the IndiaAI Mission's budget goes into the AI Compute Portal.<ref name=":14" />

Accessing more expensive GPUs would cost ₹150 per hour, while utilizing less expensive GPUs would cost ₹115.85 per hour. Orient Technologies, CMS Computers Limited, SHI Locuz, CtrlS, NxtGen Cloud Technologies, [[Yotta Infrastructure]], [[Jio Platforms]], [[Tata Communications]], E2E Networks, and Vensysco Technologies have been approved by the government to provide 18,693 GPUs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barik |first=Soumyarendra |date=2025-01-31 |title=India braces up for AI challenge, plans own LLM foundational model to rival ChatGPT, DeepSeek R1 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/india-world-class-ai-model-ashwini-vaishnaw-9807337/ |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

As part of the IndianAI Mission, the [[union government]], in April 2025, selected [[Sarvam AI]], to develop the country's first sovereign [[LLM]], which will include the capabilities of reasoning, voice, and fluency in Indian languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2025 |title=Sarvam AI to build India's first sovereign LLM with reasoning and voice capabilities |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/artificial-intelligence/sarvam-ai-to-build-indias-first-sovereign-llm-with-reasoning-and-voice-capabilities-9967108/ |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2025 |title=India selects Sarvam to build sovereign AI model under IndiaAI mission - BusinessToday |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/tech-today/news/story/india-selects-sarvam-to-build-sovereign-ai-model-under-indiaai-mission-473791-2025-04-28 |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=Business Today}}</ref> As of May 2025, the government, as part of the IndianAI Mission, is supporting Indian researchers in designing indigenous GPUs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chintapali |first=Rohit |date=3 May 2025 |title=Spotlight: IndiaAI Mission |url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/spotlight-indiaai-mission-555677 |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=BW Businessworld}}</ref>

Ashwini Vaishnaw announced AIKosha: IndiaAI Datasets Platform, the AI Compute Portal, the AI Competency Framework for Public Sector Officials, iGOT-AI Mission Karmayogi, the IndiaAI Startups Global Acceleration Program with [[Station F]], the IndiaAI Application Development Initiative, and IndiaAI FutureSkills on 6 March 2025, as part of the IndiaAI Mission to strengthen AI-driven research, innovation, and skill development. For public officials, the iGOT-AI Mission Karmayogi incorporates AI-driven learning recommendations.

'''AIKosha: IndiaAI Datasets Platform'''

To facilitate AI innovation, AIKosha will offer a safe, centralized platform with easy access to a database of models, use cases, and datasets. Through an integrated development environment, tools, and tutorials, it offers AI [[Sandbox (software development)|sandbox]] capabilities. AIKosha has features like permission-based access, content discoverability, AI readiness scoring of datasets, and security methods including secure [[API|APIs]], [[Firewall (computing)|firewalls]] for real-time harmful traffic filtering, and [[data encryption]] both in motion and at rest. More than 80 models and 300 datasets are available on AIKosha.<ref name=":14" /> Both the public and private sector organizations gather AIKosha datasets, which include [[Census of India|census data]], [[geospatial data]], and [[Linguistics|linguistic]] data.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Parasnis |first=Sharveya |date=2025-03-07 |title=IndiaAI Mission: MeitY Launches New AI Initiatives |url=https://www.medianama.com/2025/03/223-meity-ai-driven-initiatives-indiaai-mission-ashwini-vaishnaw/ |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=MEDIANAMA |language=en-US}}</ref>

'''IndiaAI Startups Global Acceleration Program'''

The IndiaAI Mission will begin a four-month acceleration program in partnership with [[Station F]] and [[HEC Paris]] from 2025. The ten shortlisted AI [[startup companies]] will have access to networking opportunities, mentorship, and international market expansion in [[Europe]].<ref name=":14" />

=== AI Research Analytics and Knowledge Dissemination Platform ===
With a peak performance of 13,170 [[teraflops]], AIRAWAT-PSAI is the biggest and fastest AI supercomputing machine in India. It was deployed at [[C-DAC|C-DAC, Pune]] in 2023 and is maintained by Netweb Technologies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-17 |title=India's AI supercomputer 'AIRAWAT' makes it to the list of world's '100 most powerful' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/indias-ai-supercomputer-airawat-makes-it-to-the-list-of-worlds-100-most-powerful/articleshow/100487763.cms |access-date=2025-06-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

[[MeitY]] is also funding the implementation of 200 AI [[Petaflops]] [[Mixed-precision arithmetic|Mixed Precision]] peak computing capacity (scalable to 790 AI Petaflops) [[Proof of concept|Proof of Concept]] for AI Research Analytics and Knowledge Dissemination Platform (AIRAWAT), which is being carried out by C-DAC, Pune. A combined peak compute of 410 AI Petaflops Mixed Precision and a sustained compute capability of 8.5 Petaflops ([[Rmax (computing)|Rmax]]) [[Double-precision floating-point format|Double Precision]] are achieved by combining the 200 AI Petaflop AIRAWAT PoC with the 210 AI Petaflop [[PARAM Siddhi-AI]]. 13 Petaflops is the maximum computation capacity (Double Precision, Rpeak). A plan for expanding AIRAWAT to 1,000 AI Petaflops of Mixed Precision computing capacity has been envisioned by MeitY. With its extensive, power-optimized AI cloud infrastructure, AIRAWAT will serve as a common computational cloud platform for Big Data Analytics and Assimilation, linking all Centers for Research Excellence in Artificial Intelligence (COREs), Indian Centres for Transformational AI (ICTAIs), and other academic, research lab, scientific community, industry, and start-up institutions with the National Knowledge Network.

With an emphasis on [[NLP (computer science)|NLP]], surveillance and [[image processing]], [[pattern recognition]], [[medical imaging]], education, agriculture, finance, healthcare, audio assistance, robotics, national security, defense, the automotive industry, supply chain management, [[human resource development]], and anomalous behavior detection from [[video analytics]], AIRAWAT will support the field of applied AI. Deployed under the [[National Supercomputing Mission]], it will support the [[Digital India]] [[Bhashini]] initiative and accomplish the goals of the National Program on AI.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIRAWAT-PSAI |url=https://airawat.cdac.in/airawat/ |access-date=4 June 2025 |website=Centre for Development of Advanced Computing}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2023 |title=AI Supercomputer 'AIRAWAT' puts India among top supercomputing league |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1926942 |access-date=4 June 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Electronics & IT, Government of India.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 December 2024 |title=Year End Review 2024 of Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology Part-1 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2088268 |access-date=4 June 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Electronics & IT, Government of India.}}</ref>

== International collaboration ==
[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] with [[NITI Aayog]] officially opened the [[World Economic Forum]]'s Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution liaison office in [[Navi Mumbai]] on 11 October 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 2018 |title=PM addresses event to mark launch of the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1549430 |access-date=6 June 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Prime Minister's Office, Government of India.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=C4IR India |url=https://centres.weforum.org/centre-for-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/india |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=centres.weforum.org |language=en}}</ref> It's objective is to foster the responsible adoption and deployment of new technologies by designing policy frameworks and protocols with the government, corporations, academic institutions, [[startups]], and international organizations. The Indian team will collaborate with their counterparts in [[Beijing]], [[Tokyo]], and [[San Francisco]] to focus on [[blockchain]] & [[Distributed ledger|DLT]], AI & [[Machine learning|ML]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-10-11 |title=WEF launches Centre for Fourth Industrial Revolution in India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/wef-launches-centre-for-fourth-industrial-revolution-in-india/articleshow/66166216.cms |access-date=2025-06-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> To increase farmers' incomes, [[World Economic Forum#Organization|C4IR]] has been working on AI-driven agricultural initiatives since 2018. In January 2024, C4IR, [[MeitY]], [[NASSCOM]], and the [[Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India|Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser]] launched the '''AI for India 2030 initiative'''. Its goal is to offer a systematic approach to the ethical, inclusive, and responsible adoption of AI in India.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2025-01-20 |title=India at forefront of age defined by tech evolution: WEF report |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/india-at-forefront-of-age-defined-by-tech-evolution-wef-report/article69119315.ece |access-date=2025-06-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kaushik |first1=Purushottam |last2=Sharma |first2=Harsh |last3=Sarna |first3=Ayushi |date=22 January 2025 |title=AI for India 2030: A blueprint for inclusive growth and global leadership |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/01/ai-for-india-2030-blueprint-inclusive-growth-global-leadership/ |access-date=6 June 2025 |website=World Economic Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (C4IR) India – an Impact Journey |url=https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_C4IR_India_An_Impact_Journey_2025.pdf |access-date=6 June 2025 |website=World Economic Forum}}</ref>

India's [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] and Japan's [[Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry|Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry]] signed a memorandum of cooperation on 29 October 2018, which outlines the two nations' cooperation in AI and [[IoT]] as part of '''India-Japan Cooperation on Digital Partnership'''. In an effort to strengthen ties between NITI Aayog and [[Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry|METI]], India and Japan signed a broad statement of intent on AI under "Society 5.0" that included the exploration of potential institutional collaborations, such as joint projects between [[IIT Hyderabad]] and Artificial Intelligence Research Centre ([[National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology]]), related to [[machine learning]], [[deep learning]], [[data mining]], and other AI themes. Joint scientific and technological cooperation in [[Machine learning|ML]], and [[probabilistic logic]] techniques for various data types and combinations were added to the extended MoU on 24 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2018 |title=India-Japan Fact Sheets. India-Japan Development Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific, including Africa |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=184461 |access-date=1 March 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau ]] |agency=Prime Minister's Office, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2021-12-24 |title=Japanese research institute, IIT-H renew MoU |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/japanese-research-institute-iit-h-renew-mou/article38030467.ece |access-date=2025-03-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In 2021, the Indian [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]] and the [[United States Department of State]] were designated as the nodal agencies for the '''US India Artificial Intelligence Initiative''' launched under Indo-US Science and Technology Forum.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushik |first=Neha |date=24 March 2021 |title=US India Artificial Intelligence Initiative: Everything you need to know about |url=https://cio.techgig.com/technology/us-india-artificial-intelligence-initiative-everything-you-need-to-know-about/articleshow_b2b/81672393.cms |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=TechGig}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Shailaja |date=2021-03-19 |title=India-US launches Artificial Intelligence Initiative |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/india-us-launches-artificial-intelligence-initiative-1616138584-1 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref> It will provide a forum for bilateral research and development cooperation. It will also facilitate AI innovation, exchange ideas for building an AI workforce, and suggest ways to promote collaborations.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2021-03-18 |title=India, US launch AI-focused forum to scale up science & technology relationship |url=https://www.livemint.com/science/news/india-us-launch-ai-focused-forum-to-scale-up-science-technology-relationship-11616072222839.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322010058/https://www.livemint.com/science/news/india-us-launch-ai-focused-forum-to-scale-up-science-technology-relationship-11616072222839.html |archive-date=2021-03-22 |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-28 |title=US-India Artificial Intelligence Initiative |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/business-tech/us-india-artificial-intelligence-initiative/article34183767.ece |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tandon |first=Tulika |date=2023-07-01 |title=All about US India Artificial Intelligence Initiative (USIAI) |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/all-about-us-india-artificial-intelligence-initiative-usiai-1616403169-1 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref>

The [[United States]] and India expanded their joint cyber training and exercises in 2022 and initiated the '''Defense Artificial Intelligence Dialogue'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Readout of the Inaugural U.S. – India Advanced Domains Defense Dialogue |url=https://www.war.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3408336/readout-of-the-inaugural-us-india-advanced-domains-defense-dialogue/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=U.S. Department of Defense |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Si-soo |first=Park |date=2022-04-12 |title=US, India agree to cooperate on space situational awareness |url=https://spacenews.com/us-india-agree-to-cooperate-on-space-situational-awareness/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref> According to [[Cleo Paskal]], a non-resident senior fellow at the [[Foundation for Defense of Democracies]], the Indian community has influenced AI research and development in the US for many years. Things are taken to the next level by the Defense Artificial Intelligence Dialogue.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Demarest |first=Colin |date=2022-04-18 |title=US and India launch talks about military AI |url=https://www.c4isrnet.com/artificial-intelligence/2022/04/15/us-and-india-launch-talks-about-military-ai/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=C4ISRNet |language=en}}</ref> In the same year, the US intends to join six of India's Technology Innovation Hubs to support collaborative research projects in fields including AI, advanced wireless technologies, and data science to further advancements in applications like agriculture, health, and climate. Thirty-five projects have been selected for implementation by the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|DST]] and [[U.S. National Science Foundation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=India, US announce major partnership for cooperation in critical areas after Modi-Biden talks |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/india-us-announce-major-partnership-for-cooperation-in-critical-areas-after-modi-biden-talks-8568641.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525043523/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/india-us-announce-major-partnership-for-cooperation-in-critical-areas-after-modi-biden-talks-8568641.html |archive-date=2022-05-25 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=10 August 2022 |title=Best plans discussed for Indo-US joint research projects to be implemented through technology innovation hubs - ET Government |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/technology/best-plans-discussed-for-indo-us-joint-research-projects-to-be-implemented-through-technology-innovation-hubs/93467037 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=ETGovernment.com |language=en}}</ref>

As part of the [[United States–India Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology]], the US and India announced setting aside more than $2 million in 2024 for collaborative research initiatives that will advance AI and [[quantum technology]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 July 2023 |title=India and the United States today jointly launched a call for proposals on Critical and Emerging Technology: Quantum Technologies and Artificial Intelligence for Transforming Lives |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1940458 |access-date=7 February 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2024 |title=US, India announce over USD 2 million grants for AI and quantum technology research projects |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/us/us-india-announce-over-usd-2-million-grants-for-ai-and-quantum-technology-research-projects20241012052522/ |access-date=7 February 2025 |work=ANI}}</ref>

In order to develop [[Advanced driver-assistance system|advanced driver-assistance systems]] and [[vehicular automation]] technologies that can be used in different parts of the world, the Japanese business [[Honda]] began collaborative research on AI technologies with [[IIT Delhi]] and [[IIT Bombay]] in 2024. This was done in order to further advance the company's own Honda Cooperative Intelligence AI platform.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2024 |title=Honda Begins Joint Research on AI Technologies with the Indian Institutes of Technology in Delhi and Bombay to Further Advance Honda CI (Cooperative Intelligence) |url=https://global.honda/en/topics/2024/ct_2024-09-11eng.html |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Honda Global |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Honda begins joint research with IIT Delhi, Bombay on AI technologies |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/honda-begins-joint-research-with-iit-delhi-bombay-on-artificial-intelligence-technologies/cid/2047289#goog_rewarded |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913201600/https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/honda-begins-joint-research-with-iit-delhi-bombay-on-artificial-intelligence-technologies/cid/2047289 |archive-date=2024-09-13 |access-date=2025-02-06 |language=en}}</ref>

To create safe, open, secure, and reliable AI, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and [[President of France|President]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] announced the '''India-France Roadmap on Artificial Intelligence''' on 12 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2025 |title=India – France Joint Statement on the visit of Shri Narendra Modi, Hon'ble Prime Minister of India to France |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2102247 |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Prime Minister's Office, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-12 |title=India, France seek to ensure standards governing AI use reflect democratic values |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/artificial-intelligence/india-france-seek-to-ensure-standards-governing-ai-use-reflect-democratic-values/articleshow/118180351.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The goal is to make sure that the rules and guidelines governing the use of AI represent democratic principles and maximize its potential for the advancement of humanity and the common good.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2025 |title=India-France Declaration on Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/39034/IndiaFrance+Declaration+on+Artificial+Intelligence+February+12+2025 |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India-France Declaration on Artificial Intelligence |url=https://in.ambafrance.org/India-France-Declaration-on-Artificial-Intelligence |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214105745/https://in.ambafrance.org/India-France-Declaration-on-Artificial-Intelligence |archive-date=2025-02-14 |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=La France en Inde / France in India |language=en}}</ref>

The [[India-EU Trade and Technology Council]] has made AI a top priority. In 2025, the [[European AI Office]] and the India AI Mission agreed to strengthen collaboration on [[Large language model|large language models]], including collaborative efforts to create frameworks and tools for responsible and ethical AI. It will expand upon the advancements in [[high-performance computing]] applications related to [[bioinformatics]], [[climate change]], and [[Natural disaster|natural disasters]] that have been made possible by collaborative [[research and development]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2025 |title=India is pillar of certainty for Europe in increasingly uncertain world: EU chief Ursula von der Leyen |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/india-is-pillar-of-certainty-for-europe-in-increasingly-uncertain-world-eu-chief-ursula-von-der-leyen20250228173331/ |access-date=3 March 2025 |work=ANI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2025 |title=India, EU reiterate commitment for "human-centric, sustainable, responsible" AI; agree for cooperation on info exchange, language models |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/europe/india-eu-reiterate-commitment-for-human-centric-sustainable-responsible-ai-agree-for-cooperation-on-info-exchange-language-models20250301173949/ |access-date=3 March 2025 |work=ANI}}</ref>

On 2 July 2025, the [[Government of Telangana]] launched the Telangana Data Exchange (TGDeX) in partnership with [[IISc]] and the [[Japan International Cooperation Agency]]. It will enable access to structured datasets and developer tools required to create AI solutions. TGDeX will utilize Open Data Telangana platform. TGDeX's goal of hosting more than 2,000 AI-ready datasets over the next five years will be aided by the Telangana AI Mission (T-AIM), [[T–Hub]], MATH (AI/ML Centre of Excellence of T-Hub), IIT Hyderabad, and [[IIIT Hyderabad|IIIT-Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-06-30 |title=First State-led digital public infra for AI TGDeX set for launch in Telangana on July 2 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/first-state-led-digital-public-infra-for-ai-tgdex-set-for-launch-in-telangana-on-july-2/article69756528.ece |access-date=2025-07-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaurwal |first=Shubham |title=Can Telangana Lead India's AI Revolution? A New DPI for AI Set to Launch |url=https://www.tice.news/tice-trending/can-telangana-lead-indias-ai-revolution-a-new-dpi-for-ai-set-to-launch-9452179 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=www.tice.news |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kohli |first=Chaitanya |date=2025-07-01 |title=Telangana Launches TGDeX: First State-Led AI Data Exchange |url=https://www.medianama.com/2025/07/223-telangana-tgdex-india-first-state-led-ai-data-exchange/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=MEDIANAMA |language=en-US}}</ref> Launched in August 2025, the '''India-Japan AI Cooperation Initiative''' aims to advance strategic cooperation in AI through cooperative research, university-company partnerships, [[LLM]] development, and cooperation in building a reliable AI ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 August 2025 |title=Fact Sheet : India-Japan Economic Security Cooperation |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2162043 |access-date=30 August 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Prime Minister's Office, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 August 2025 |title=PM Modi invites Japanese PM Ishiba for AI Impact Summit in India next year |url=https://aninews.in/news/world/asia/pm-modi-invites-japanese-pm-ishiba-for-ai-impact-summit-in-india-next-year20250829194848/ |access-date=30 August 2025 |work=ANI}}</ref>

== Impact ==

=== Agriculture ===
On 12 December 2023, KissanAI announced the release of Dhenu 1.0, world's first agriculture-specific [[Large language model|LLM]] designed for Indian farmers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Shreshtha |date=23 December 2023 |title=What is KissanAI? Explore The Startup Streamlining Farmers' Lives! |url=https://www.tice.news/tice-trending/kissanai-chatgpt-see-how-this-startup-is-simplifying-farmer-everyday-life-2049132 |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=tice.news |language=en}}</ref> It can handle 300,000 instruction sets and understand English, [[Hindi]], and [[Hinglish]] queries. The platform provides voice-based, tailored assistance. KissanAI used Sarvam AI's OpenHathi for [[bilingual]] support and worked with NimbleBox for [[API|APIs]]. Dhenu 1.0 utilizes OpenHermes 2.5 [[Mistral AI#Models|Mistral 7B]]. KissanAI is supported by [[Microsoft for Startups]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Upadhyay |first=Shyam Nandan |date=2023-12-12 |title=KissanAI Unveils Dhenu 1.0 LLM for India's Agricultural Challenges |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/deep-tech/kissanai-unveils-dhenu-1-0-llm-for-indias-agricultural-challenges/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jindal |first=Siddharth |date=2023-12-25 |title=How Pratik Desai is Sowing AI Seeds in India |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-features/how-pratik-desai-is-sowing-ai-seeds-in-india/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> For climate resilient agriculture practices, KissanAI partnered with the [[United Nations Development Programme]] in January 2024 to develop a voice-based [[vernacular]] [[GenAI]] virtual assistant. The main goals of this project are to overcome language barriers and offer easily comprehensible information so that female farmers can actively engage in and profit from generative AI developments.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jindal |first=Siddharth |date=2024-01-05 |title=KissanAI Partners with UNDP to Launch CoPilot for Farmers |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/kissanai-partners-with-undp-to-launch-copilot-for-farmers/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Upadhyay |first=Shyam Nandan |date=2024-06-08 |title=KissanAI accepted for NVIDIA Inception Program |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/kissanai-accepted-for-nvidia-inception-program/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Dhenu2, an [[Open source|open-source]] version, was launched in October 2024, providing solutions for agribusinesses, farmers, and policymakers worldwide. It is available in three models: 8B, 3B, and 1B, and is powered by the [[Llama 3]]. The platform is based on 1.5 million synthetic and real-world instructions that cover more than 4,000 agricultural topics and categories. Over 100,000 farmers were interviewed to gain insights that provided practical information for better decision-making.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jindal |first=Siddharth |date=2024-10-24 |title=KissanAI Launches Dhenu2 AI to Empower Farmers with Real-World Insights |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/kissanai-launches-dhenu2-ai-to-empower-farmers-with-real-world-insights/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

Uttar Pradesh Open Network for Agriculture, a [[digital public infrastructure]], powered by [[Gemini (language model)|Gemini]] and [[Open Network for Digital Commerce#Beckn Protocol|Beckn protocol]], was launched in January 2025 by the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] in collaboration with [[Google Cloud Platform]]. Farmers will get one-stop access to market linkages, loans, mechanization, and advisory services for selling their produce. [[Voice user interface]] will be available to farmers in Hindi, [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], with other [[Indian languages (India)|Indian languages]] to be added in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=8 January 2025 |title=UP govt, Google Cloud sign MOU for launch of Gemini-powered, Beckn-enabled open network for agriculture |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/digital-india/up-govt-google-cloud-sign-mou-for-launch-of-gemini-powered-beckn-enabled-open-network-for-agriculture/117053955 |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=ETGovernment.com |language=en}}</ref>

AgriHub, a center of excellence for [[sustainable agriculture]] co-funded by the [[MeitY]] and the [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]], was opened by [[IIT Indore]] on 27 January 2025. It will use AI, machine learning, and [[deep learning]] to revolutionize the agricultural industry. By using big data analytics and [[Genomics|genomic]] research to support data-driven agriculture, it will enable research in [[precision agriculture]], [[xerophyte]], and AI-driven disease diagnostics.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-28 |title=IIT-I unveils AI-driven Centre of Excellence for sustainable agri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/iit-i-unveils-ai-driven-centre-of-excellence-for-sustainable-agri/articleshow/117612188.cms |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Farmers in [[Fazilka district|Fazilka]] have embraced AI-powered weather sensors created by [[IIT Ropar]]. It provides real-time information on atmospheric conditions by utilizing data gathered from satellites, weather balloons and a network of weather stations on the ground. Parameters like temperature, humidity, precipitation, and lux are used with data from the [[India Meteorological Department]] to forecast rainfall.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohan |first=Vibhor |date=2025-01-29 |title=Kinnow farmers adopt AI-powered weather stations to mitigate risks |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/kinnow-farmers-adopt-ai-powered-weather-stations-to-mitigate-risks/articleshow/117652011.cms |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

AI is being used by the [[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare]] to assist farmers. An AI-powered chatbot called Kisan e-Mitra was built to help farmers with their questions on [[Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi]] scheme in multiple Indian languages. The [[National Pest Surveillance System]] uses AI and [[Machine learning|ML]] to identify pest infestation, allowing for prompt action for healthier crops and addressing the loss of produce brought on by climate change. AI-based analytics that use field photos to monitor and evaluate crop health utilizing weather, soil moisture, and satellite data for [[wheat]] and [[rice]] cultivation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 February 2025 |title=Use of AI in agriculture |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2100755 |access-date=25 February 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India}}</ref>

The use of AI in Khutbav village by the Agriculture Development Trust and [[Microsoft]] in 2025 led to a 40% increase in yield and a 50% reduction in production costs due to water and pesticide usage. Through a smartphone application Agripilot.ai developed by Click2Cloud, the AI notify farmers of possible pest attacks, soil conditions, air speed, and weather conditions to determine when to apply pesticides and how much water the crop requires. Utilizing a variety of data sources, including [[satellite imagery]], [[weather forecasts]], soil sensors, and inputs unique to each farm, the AI generate personalized suggestions for farmers. Microsoft's Azure Data Manager for Agriculture (formerly Microsoft FarmBeats), is used to process this data. The annual fee for AI services is ₹10,000.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khairnar |first=Abhay |date=11 February 2025 |title=How AI is revolutionising sugarcane farming in Maha |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/how-ai-is-revolutionising-sugarcane-farming-in-maha-101739214058733.html |access-date=25 February 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> In order to offer insights, the data is analyzed by the open-source research project FarmVibes.ai in conjunction with historical crop data. For the farmer, [[Microsoft Azure]] [[OpenAI]] Service transforms these details into easy-to-follow steps.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2025 |title='Farm Of The Future': How AI Is Helping Sugarcane Farmers In Maharashtra |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/farm-of-the-future-how-ai-is-helping-sugarcane-farmers-in-maharashtra-7419774 |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

In 100 villages, the [[Assam Government|Assam government]] will support the establishment of AI-powered agri-hubs, where drones and AI would assist farmers in making data-driven decisions, increasing yields, and promoting sustainability, according to the state budget for 2025–2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2025 |title=Assam mulls India's first AI lab for cyber surveillance |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/business/2025/03/10/cal48-as-budget-ai.html |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

=== Industry ===
With an investment of ₹20 crore, [[Tata Consultancy Services]] founded the FC Kohli Centre on Intelligent Systems at [[International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]] in 2015 to conduct research in the fields of [[robotics]], cognitive sciences, neural language processing, and intelligent systems.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2015 |title=TCS to set up centre on intelligent systems at IIIT Hyderabad |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/pR3Mz7SmtxOQwVxK9djUXM/TCS-to-set-up-centre-on-intelligent-systems-at-IIIT-Hyderaba.html |access-date=31 January 2025 |work=Mint |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kohli Research Block Inaugurated |url=https://www.tcs.com/who-we-are/newsroom/press-release/kohli-research-block-inaugurated |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=Tata Consultancy Services |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KCIS: Where The Intelligent Systems Are - |url=https://blogs.iiit.ac.in/monthly_news/kcis-where-the-intelligent-systems-are/ |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad |language=en-US}}</ref>

In March 2018, [[Capillary Technologies]] and [[IIT Kharagpur]] established the Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence Research for financial analytics, [[industrial automation]], digital healthcare, and [[Intelligent transportation system|intelligent transportation systems]], with a combined investment of [[₹]]56.4 million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Umarji |first=Vinay |date=2 March 2018 |title=IIT-KGP to set up AI research centre in JV with Capillary Technologies |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/management/iit-kgp-to-set-up-ai-research-centre-in-jv-with-capillary-technologies-118030200481_1.html |access-date=31 January 2025 |work=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Asokan |first=Akshaya |date=2018-12-28 |title=IIT Kharagpur To Open Second Centre Of Excellence For AI|url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/iit-kharagpur-to-open-second-centre-of-excellence-for-ai/ |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> By March 2019, a second campus at Kukatpallya will open.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-12-28 |title=IIT Kharagpur to set up off campus centre, research park in Hyderabad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/iit-kharagpur-to-set-up-off-campus-centre-research-park-in-hyderabad/articleshow/67280331.cms |access-date=2025-01-31 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In July, the [[Karnataka government]] and [[NASSCOM]] jointly established the Center of Excellence for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence on a [[Public–private partnerships in India|public–private partnership]] for helping [[small and medium enterprises]] and make big data sets for training models available.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sangani |first=Priyanka |date=2018-07-05 |title=Government of Karnataka and NASSCOM launch Centre of Excellence for Data Science in Bengaluru |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/government-of-karnataka-and-nasscom-launch-centre-of-excellence-for-data-science-in-bengaluru/articleshow/64871146.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chawla |first=Kaanchi |date=2025-01-08 |title=A New Era of Innovation Led by Karnataka's Centres of Excellence |url=https://egov.eletsonline.com/2025/01/a-new-era-of-innovation-led-by-karnatakas-centres-of-excellence/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=Elets eGov |language=en}}</ref>

For fundamental research in [[deep learning]], [[reinforcement learning]], network analytics, interpretable machine learning, and domain-aware AI, [[Bosch (company)|Bosch]] established the [[Robert Bosch]] Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence at IIT Madras in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-02-06 |title=Bosch opens centre for data science and artificial intelligence at IIT Madras |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/bosch-opens-centre-for-data-science-and-artificial-intelligence-at-iit-madras/story-i1AXLRrX3Rrsvfqo7dTQAK.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121012802/https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/bosch-opens-centre-for-data-science-and-artificial-intelligence-at-iit-madras/story-i1AXLRrX3Rrsvfqo7dTQAK.html |archive-date=2020-01-21 |access-date=2025-01-31 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mudholkar |first=Niranjan |date=11 February 2019 |title=Bosch opens AI Center at IIT Madras |url=https://www.themachinist.in/news/5144/bosch-ai-center-iit-madras# |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=The Machinist |language=en}}</ref> The center will concentrate its applied research on [[systems biology]], [[smart cities]], manufacturing analytics, financial analytics, and healthcare. Additionally, it is the location of India's largest [[deep reinforcement learning]] group.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2019 |title=Center For Data Science And Artificial Intelligence Opened At IIT Madras |url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/iit-madras-bosch-opens-center-for-data-science-and-artificial-intelligence-1989244 |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref> At the Microsoft Research Lab in [[Bengaluru]], Microsoft introduced Societal Impact through Cloud and Artificial Intelligence in 2019 to use cloud computing and AI to address long-term societal issues in transportation, agriculture, health and wellness, and education.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-08-21 |title=Microsoft Research launches SCAI centre in Bengaluru |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/software/microsoft-research-launches-scai-centre-in-bengaluru/articleshow/70771110.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

[[Accenture]] opened its first Nano Lab in the [[Asia–Pacific]] on 4 February 2020, in [[Hyderabad]], for applied research in security, [[extended reality]], and AI.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2020 |title=Accenture opens innovation hub in Hyderabad |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/accenture-opens-innovation-hub-in-hyderabad-11580820640918.html |access-date=23 February 2025 |work=mint}}</ref> The [[Nvidia]] AI Technology Center was founded at [[IIT Hyderabad]] in 2020 with the goal of accelerating AI research and commercialization.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2020-07-09 |title=IITH, NVIDIA to establish joint AI research centre |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/iith-nvidia-to-establish-joint-ai-research-centre/article32034625.ece |access-date=2025-01-31 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It focuses on the application of AI in language comprehension, smart cities, and agriculture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-09 |title=IIT Hyderabad and NVIDIA establish joint AI research centre in India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/iit-hyderabad-and-nvidia-establish-joint-ai-research-centre-in-india-1698718-2020-07-09 |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> [[Situation awareness|Situational awareness]], operator environment analysis, [[Smart appliance|smart appliances]], [[Autonomous Navigation System|autonomous navigation systems]], [[Edge device|edge devices]] for [[IoT]] and [[industry 4.0]], and [[Conversational user interface|conversational user interfaces]] were among the AI applications that [[Tata Elxsi]]'s Artificial Intelligence Centre of Excellence began deploying in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deoras |first=Srishti |date=2020-09-15 |title=Behind Tata Elxsi's Artificial Intelligence Centre of Excellence |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-features/behind-tata-elxsis-artificial-intelligence-centre-of-excellence/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2020, [[Intel]] established INAI, an applied artificial intelligence research center in [[Hyderabad]], in partnership with the [[Public Health Foundation of India]], [[IIIT-H]], and the [[Government of Telangana]]. INAI will focus on population-level issues in the smart mobility and healthcare sectors.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ishwar |first=Sai |date=12 October 2020 |title=Intel partners with Telangana govt to launch applied AI research centre |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/intel-partners-with-telangana-govt-to-launch-applied-ai-research-centre-120101201520_1.html |access-date=7 February 2025 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>

SiMa.ai established a new design center in Bengaluru in 2021 to work on the MLSoC platform, the first machine learning [[System on a chip|SoC]] specifically designed for the industry. This platform can support any framework, [[Neural network (machine learning)|neural network]], or [[Foundation model|foundational model]] for any workload.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-01 |title=New SiMa.ai design centre in Bengaluru |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-new-sima-ai-design-centre-in-bengaluru-2183391/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, [[Kotak Mahindra Bank]] and IISc announced their intention to establish the Kotak-IISc AI-ML Center for research and innovation in [[fintech]], as well as to cultivate the necessary talent pool to satisfy industry demands.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kotak IISc AI-ML Centre inaugurated: Kotak IISc AI–ML Centre- Cutting edge research in AI/ML for Fintech applications. |url=https://kiac.iisc.ac.in/kotak-iisc-ai-ml-centre-inaugurated/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Victor |date=2021-09-17 |title=IISc To Setup AI-ML Centre in Bangalore |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/iisc-to-setup-ai-ml-centre-in-bangalore/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Private businesses are attempting to create smaller, less expensive [[large language model]]. Examples of these include AI4Bharat's Airawat series, Sarvam AI's OpenHathi series, CoRover.ai's BharatGPT, [[Tech Mahindra]]'s Indus project, [[Ola Consumer|Ola]]'s Krutrim, TWO AI's Sutra series, and SML's series.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=D'Monte |first1=Leslie |last2=Das |first2=Shouvik |date=28 January 2025 |title=Mint Explainer: DeepSeek's lean AI and India's AI future |url=https://www.livemint.com/technology/deepseek-lean-ai-chinas-low-cost-ai-model-indias-ai-strategy-indias-ai-future-indias-ai-innovations-domocratising-ai-11738050918646.html |access-date=29 January 2025 |work=Mint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jindal |first=Siddharth |date=2024-09-27 |title=[Exclusive] SML to Release India's First Multimodal 'Hanooman' Next Week |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-features/exclusive-sml-to-release-indias-first-multimodal-hanooman-next-week/ |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[IIT Delhi]]'s Yardi School of Artificial Intelligence and an Indian [[deep tech]] firm KnowDis are working together to create AI models that could find possible [[antibodies]] to treat a variety of illnesses.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2022 |title=KnowDis brings together stakeholders to solve healthcare problems through AI |url=https://www.biospectrumindia.com/news/20/22114/knowdis-brings-together-stakeholders-to-solve-healthcare-problems-through-ai-.html |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=BioSpectrum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2023 |title=Generative AI Meets Drug Discovery: KnowDis and IIT-Delhi Collaboration for AI-driven Antibody Design |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/generative-ai-meets-drug-discovery-knowdis-and-iit-delhi-collaboration-for-ai-driven-antibody-design20230223175134/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> In part of its $1 billion pledge to accelerate AI-led innovation for the ai360 ecosystem, [[Wipro]] announced on 18 August 2023, the opening of a Center of Excellence in Generative Artificial Intelligence in collaboration with IIT Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-08-17 |title=Wipro launches Center of Excellence on generative AI at IIT Delhi |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/wipro-launches-center-of-excellence-on-generative-ai-at-iit-delhi/article67201853.ece |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-16 |title=Wipro launches Center of Excellence on generative AI at IIT Delhi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/wipro-launches-center-of-excellence-on-generative-ai-at-iit-delhi/articleshow/102775225.cms |access-date=2025-02-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> To study AI, the [[Adani Group]] and the [[International Holding Company]] established a joint venture on 28 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=P R |first=Sanjai |date=28 December 2023 |title=Adani Group Forges Artificial Intelligence (AI) Joint Venture with UAE's IHC |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-28/adani-group-forges-ai-joint-venture-with-middle-east-backer-ihc |access-date=5 June 2025 |work=bloomberg.com}}</ref>

On 29 August 2024, [[Mukesh Ambani]] revealed the creation of an application agnostic suite of tools and platforms called Jio Brain, to hasten the [[Reliance Group]]'s adoption of AI and set the stage for [[6G]] development with plans to offer services to [[Vendor|vendors]]. JioBrain combines high speed and low latency of [[5G]] with automation, [[anomaly detection]], and predictive forecasting. Reliance intends to use it to optimize processes in education, healthcare, entertainment, retail, and agriculture.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Manoj |date=2024-08-29 |title=RIL AGM: Mukesh Ambani introduces 'JioBrain' to streamline AI adoption |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/reliance-agm-mukesh-ambani-introduces-jiobrain-to-streamline-ai-adoption/118196 |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Barik |first=Soumyarendra |date=2024-08-29 |title=Reliance AGM: Mukesh Ambani announces suite of AI tools called 'Jio Brain' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/reliance-agm-mukesh-ambani-announces-ai-tools-called-jio-brain-9539712/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Vijay |date=2025-03-01 |title=Akash Ambani says JioBrain, Cloud PC application will launch soon |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/technology/mumbai-tech-week-reliance-jio-akash-ambani-jiobrain-cloud-pc-india-19566541.htm |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> JioBrain includes over 500 [[REST]] [[API|APIs]] and data APIs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Gagandeep |date=1 February 2024 |title=Jio introduces AI platform Jio Brain |url=https://www.lightreading.com/ai-machine-learning/jio-introduces-ai-platform-jio-brain |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=lightreading.com |language=en}}</ref> It can be used for [[NLP (computer science)|NLP]], image-to-video, text-to-music, text-to-image and video, speech-to-speech, speech-to-text translation, code generation, explanation, optimization, and debugging. Additionally, it contains [[feature engineering]], model chaining, and [[hyperparameter optimization]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Dutta |first1=Akash |last2=Suvarna |first2=Siddharth |date=2024-01-30 |title=Jio Brain Announced as a 5G Integrated ML Platform for Enterprise Clients |url=https://www.gadgets360.com/internet/news/jio-brain-5g-integrated-ml-platform-ai-services-enterprise-clients-4959419 |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Gadgets 360 |language=en}}</ref> Jio Brain offers mobile and enterprise-ready [[LLM]]-as-a-service capability for [[GenAI]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Mohit |date=2024-01-30 |title=Jio Launches 'Jio Brain', 5G Integrated Generative AI Service {{!}} AIM |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/jio-launches-jio-brain-5g-integrated-generative-ai-service/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

AI has been used in medical devices, medical reports, predicting advertising & marketing results, do product design & development, healthcare & cognitive testing with diagnostic AI. GenAI is being used by Indian brands for product ideation, visual concept development, social post creation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Annapurna |date=2024-10-22 |title=Jingle AI the way: Advertising, marketing agencies tap AI opportunities |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/artificial-intelligence/ai-revolution-in-marketing-experts-predict-significant-consumer-behaviour-shifts/articleshow/114435154.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-24 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 August 2023 |title=Langoor Digital partners with Quilt AI to revolutionize marketing with AI Solutions |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/digital/langoor-digital-partners-with-quilt-ai-to-revolutionize-marketing-with-ai-solutions |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=afaqs.com |language=en}}</ref>

In 2025, [[Citadel Securities]] and [[IIT Kanpur]] announced a collaboration to construct the Translational and Transformative Training and Investigations Laboratory, an advanced [[GPU]] research facility for work on machine learning, intelligent systems, data science, [[data visualization]], translational AI, and [[high-performance computing]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-21 |title=IIT-Kanpur, Citadel Securities establish an advanced GPU research lab |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/iit-kanpur-citadel-securities-establish-an-advanced-gpu-research-lab-9788358/ |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> [[Project Waterworth]], a 50,000 km undersea cable for high-speed connectivity required to propel AI innovation, was unveiled by Meta on 14 February 2025. It will link South Africa, Brazil, India, the United States, and other regions.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Nagarajan |first1=Gaya |last2=Aimé |first2=Alex-Handrah |date=2025-02-14 |title=Unlocking global AI potential with next-generation subsea infrastructure |url=https://engineering.fb.com/2025/02/14/connectivity/project-waterworth-ai-subsea-infrastructure/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=Engineering at Meta |language=en-US}}</ref> India is among the nations with the highest usage of [[Meta AI]] on [[WhatsApp]] and [[Instagram]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kawale |first=Ajinkya |date=20 February 2025 |title=India among largest Meta AI adopters, backs open-source innovation |url=https://www.business-standard.com/technology/tech-news/india-among-largest-meta-ai-adopters-backs-open-source-innovation-125022000986_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220130626/https://www.business-standard.com/technology/tech-news/india-among-largest-meta-ai-adopters-backs-open-source-innovation-125022000986_1.html |archive-date=2025-02-20 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Defence ===
A task force for the Strategic Implementation of AI for National Security and Defence was established in February 2018 by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defense]]'s Department of Defence Production.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarangi |first=Subhasish |title=National Initiatives on Artificial Intelligence in Defence |url=https://www.usiofindia.org/strategic-perspective/national-initiatives-on-artificial-intelligence-in-defence.html#_edn5 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=The United Service Institution of India}}</ref> The process of getting the military ready for AI use was started by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|MoD]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 January 2019 |title=Artificial Intelligence |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=187044 |access-date=23 January 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India.}}</ref> The [[Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics]] was approved to develop AI solutions for [[Signals intelligence|signal intelligence]] to improve intelligence collection and analysis capabilities at a cost of [[₹]]73.9 [[crore]] and Energy Harvesting Based Infrared Sensor Network for Automated Human Intrusion Detection (EYESIRa) at a cost of ₹1.8 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chauhan |first=Chanchal |date=2019-01-02 |title=Defence Ministry to prepare forces for use of Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/defence-ministry-forces-artificial-intelligence-1422245-2019-01-02 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> In 2021, the [[Indian Army]], with assistance from the [[National Security Council (India)|National Security Council]], began operating the Quantum Lab and Artificial Intelligence Center at the [[Military College of Telecommunication Engineering]]. With an emphasis on robotics and artificial intelligence, [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] and [[Indian Institute of Science]] established the Joint Advanced Technology Programme-Center of Excellence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-31 |title=Army sets up quantum computing lab, AI centre at engineering institute in Mhow |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/army-sets-up-quantum-computing-lab-ai-centre-at-engineering-institute-in-mhow-7697802/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 February 2021 |title=MoU between DRDO and IISc for Joint Advanced Technology Program |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1696259 |access-date=23 January 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India.}}</ref> In 2022, the [[Indian Navy]] created an AI Core group and set up a Center of Excellence for AI and [[Big data analysis|Big Data analysis]] at [[INS Valsura]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Mayank |date=2022-01-28 |title=Indian Navy ropes in new-age tech with 30 Artificial Intelligence projects in the works |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/Jan/28/indian-navy-ropes-in-new-age-tech-with30-artificial-intelligence-projects-in-the-works-2412338.html |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bordoloi |first=Pritam |date=2022-07-25 |title=Indian Navy's quest to become an AI-enabled force |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/it-services/indian-navys-quest-to-become-an-ai-enabled-force/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Indian Army incubated Artificial Intelligence Offensive Drone Operations Project in partnership with an Indian startup.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 January 2021 |title=Indian Army Demonstrates Drone Swarms During Army Day Parade |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1688807 |access-date=23 January 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhalla |first=Abhishek |date=2021-01-15 |title=Indian Army gets ready for 'swarm' drone attacks {{!}} Know all about the aerial warfare tactic |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-army-gets-ready-for-swarm-drone-attacks-1759493-2021-01-15 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Tonbo Imaging integrated real-time target identification and [[Edge AI]] [[image processing]] into [[MPATGM]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Velayanikal |first=Malavika |date=2021-02-15 |title=Guided missiles homing in with Indian deep tech |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/business-of-life/guided-missiles-homing-in-with-indian-deep-tech-11613314273154.html |access-date=2021-02-19 |website=Mint |language=en}}</ref> During Exercise Dakshin Shakti 2021, the Indian Army integrated AI into its [[Military intelligence|intelligence]], [[surveillance]], and [[reconnaissance]] architecture to provide a cohesive operational intelligence picture of the battlefield.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 November 2021 |title=Army chief visits Jaisalmer to review Exercise Dakshin Shakti |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1775333 |access-date=23 January 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India.}}</ref>

In 2022, the Indian government established the '''Defence Artificial Intelligence Council''' and the '''Defence AI Project Agency''',<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2022 |title=Enhancement of Capabilities of AI Technology |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1846937 |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Press Information Bureau |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-05-21 |title=India now wants artificial intelligence-based weapon systems |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-moves-to-develop-ai-based-military-systems/articleshow/64250232.cms |access-date=2025-01-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and it also published a list of 75 defense-related AI priority projects.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2022 |title=Raksha Mantri launches 75 Artificial Intelligence products/technologies during first-ever 'AI in Defence' symposium & exhibition in New Delhi |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1840740 |access-date=23 January 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Artificial Intelligence In Defence |url=https://www.ddpmod.gov.in/publication/artificial-intelligence-defence |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=ddpmod.gov.in |agency=Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence}}</ref> [[Ministry of Defence (India)|MoD]] earmarked ₹1,000 crore annually till 2026 for capacity building, infrastructure setup, data preparation, and Al project implementation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 March 2022 |title=Task force for implementation of AI |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1810442 |access-date=24 January 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |pages= |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India.}}</ref> The Indian Army, the Indian Navy and the [[Indian Air Force]] set aside ₹100 crore annually for the development of AI-specific applications.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hooda (Retd.) |first=Lt. Gen. Deependra Singh |date=16 February 2023 |title=Implementing Artificial Intelligence in the Indian Military |url=https://www.delhipolicygroup.org/publication/policy-briefs/implementing-artificial-intelligence-in-the-indian-military.html |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Delhi Policy Group |language=en}}</ref> The military is already deploying some AI-enabled projects and equipment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Abhinandan |date=2022-07-16 |title=Indian Army gets future ready with AI-based equipment |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/indian-army-gets-future-ready-ai-based-equipment |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=The Sunday Guardian Live |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Huma |date=2024-12-30 |title=How the Indian Army is using AI to boost national security and defence capabilities |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-ais-role-in-national-security-enhancing-defence-and-intelligence-capabilities-3703077/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> At Air Force Station Rajokri, the [[Indian Air Force|IAF]] Centre of Excellence for Artificial Intelligence was established in 2022 as part of the Unit for Digitization, Automation, Artificial Intelligence, and Application Networking (UDAAN).<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 July 2022 |title=Artificial Intelligence (AI) Centre of Excellence (Coe) launched by IAF |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1840695 |access-date=23 January 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India.}}</ref> [[Swarm robotics|Swarm drone systems]] were introduced by the [[Mechanised Infantry Regiment]] for offensive operations close to [[Line of Actual Control|LAC]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Rahul |date=2022-08-26 |title=Army receives swarm drones, eyes light tanks to check PLA |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/army-receives-swarm-drones-eyes-light-tanks-to-check-pla-101661537524265.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204215650/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/army-receives-swarm-drones-eyes-light-tanks-to-check-pla-101661537524265.html |archive-date=2022-12-04 |access-date=2025-01-23 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref>

Grene Robotics revealed Indrajaal Autonomous Drone Defense Dome.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kurmanath |first=K. V. |date=2023-09-04 |title=Grene Robotics unveils autonomous anti-drone system |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/grene-robotics-unveils-autonomous-anti-drone-system/article67266526.ece |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> For offensive operations, the military began acquiring AI-enabled [[UAVs]] and [[Swarm drone|swarm drones]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sur |first=Aihik |date=2021-06-28 |title=Exclusive: Indian Army acquiring AI-equipped drones for attack operations |url=https://www.medianama.com/2021/06/223-indian-army-drones-attack-2/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=MEDIANAMA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kadidal |first=Akhil |date=2023-03-06 |title=Indian Army receives 'swarming' UAVs |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/defence/indian-army-receives-swarming-uavs |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Janes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=2023-02-13 |title=Army gets its first set of offensive swarm drone system, IAF next |url=https://theprint.in/defence/army-gets-its-first-set-of-offensive-swarm-drone-system-iaf-next/1368508/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Bharat Electronics]] developed AI-enabled audio transcription and analysis software for battlefield communication. Using AI during transport operations, the Indian Army's Research & Development branch patented driver tiredness monitoring system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=N.D. |first=Vivek |date=1 October 2024 |title=AI and Indian Defense: Enhancing National Security Through Innovation |url=https://thediplomat.com/2024/10/ai-and-indian-defense-enhancing-national-security-through-innovation/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Naaz |first=Fareha |date=10 August 2023 |title=Indian Army secures patent for AI-driven accident prevention system, 'alerts drivers from falling asleep' |url=https://www.livemint.com/ai/indian-army-secures-patent-for-ai-driven-accident-prevention-system-alerts-drivers-from-falling-asleep-11691637234217.html |access-date=23 January 2025 |work=Mint}}</ref> As part of initial investment, the [[Indian Armed Forces]] is investing about $50 million (€47.2 million) yearly on AI, according to Delhi Policy Group [[think tank]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishnan |first=Murali |date=18 October 2023 |title=Indian army ramps up AI, but how effective will it be? |url=https://www.dw.com/en/indian-army-ramps-up-ai-but-how-effective-will-it-be/a-67134664 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref> For [[high altitude]] [[logistics]] at forward outposts, [[Military robot|military robots]] are deployed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2024-09-23 |title=Army inducts robotic mules; drones, high-altitude tents under evaluation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/army-inducts-robotic-mules-drones-high-altitude-tents-under-evaluation/article68675123.ece |access-date=2025-01-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Basu |first=Ajeyo |date=2023-04-05 |title=Indian Army to replace mules with robots to take on China at LAC by 2030 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/indian-army-to-replace-mules-with-robots-to-take-on-china-at-lac-by-2030-12410522.html |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> Army is developing autonomous combat vehicles, robotic surveillance platforms, and Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) solutions as part of the Defence AI roadmap.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Priya |date=2024-03-11 |title=Indian Army working on AI, autonomous combat vehicles, robotic surveillance platforms, more: Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/indian-army-working-on-ai-autonomous-combat-vehicles-robotic-surveillance-platforms-more-report-420964-2024-03-11 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> [[Military College of Telecommunication Engineering|MCTE]] is working with the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] and, [[Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering & Research]], on AI and military-grade [[chipset]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 June 2024 |title=SAMEER, MeitY and MCTE, Indian Army forge strategic partnership for technological advancement |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2028008 |access-date=23 January 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-07 |title=Indian Army and MeitY unite forces for technological defence overhaul |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-and-meity-unite-forces-for-technological-defence-overhaul/articleshow/105801908.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-01-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Phase III of AI-enabled space-based surveillance has been authorized.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Surendra |date=2024-10-12 |title=CCS 'approves launch of 52 spy satellites for Rs 27,000 crore to boost space surveillance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ccs-approves-launch-of-52-spy-satellites-for-rs-27000-crore-to-boost-space-surveillance/articleshow/114158442.cms |access-date=2025-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Haider |first=Usman |date=22 January 2025 |title=India's New Space-Based Spy Network |url=https://thediplomat.com/2025/01/indias-new-space-based-spy-network/ |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[DRDO]] Chairman and Secretary of the Department of Defense Research & Development Samir V. Kamat said the agency started concentrating on the potential use of AI in the development of military systems and subsystems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhat |first=Lt Col Anil |date=2024-12-12 |title=India's DRDO working on multiple cutting-edge military technology areas |url=https://salute.co.in/indias-drdo-working-on-multiple-cutting-edge-military-technology-areas/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Salute |language=en-US}}</ref> The Indian government intends to leverage the private sector's sizable AI workforce and [[dual-use technologies]] for defense by 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levesques |first=Antoine |date=18 January 2024 |title=Early steps in India's use of AI for defence |url=https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2024/01/early-steps-in-indias-use-of-ai-for-defence/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=International Institute for Strategic Studies |language=en}}</ref> In order to conduct research on autonomous platforms, improved surveillance, [[predictive maintenance]], and [[intelligent decision support system]], the Indian Army AI Incubation Center was established.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Mohit |date=2024-12-19 |title=Indian Army Collaborates with BEL to Launch AI Incubation Centre in Bengaluru |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/indian-army-collaborates-with-bel-to-launch-ai-incubation-centre-in-bengaluru/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Indian Navy launched [[INS Surat]] with AI capabilities.<ref name=":03">{{Cite news |date=2024-12-20 |title=Yard 12707 (Surat) and Yard 12651 (Nilgiri) delivered to Indian Navy |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2086668 |access-date=2024-12-21 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherji |first=Biman |date=2025-01-23 |title=India's bet on AI-enabled warships needs boost to counter China, experts say |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3296024/indias-bet-ai-enabled-warships-needs-boost-counter-china-experts-say |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>

In order to identify and locate any hostile objects in the sky during [[Operation Sindoor]], the Indian military employed AI cloud-based integrated air command and control systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barik |first=Soumyarendra |date=16 May 2025 |title=AI in the battlefield: How India leveraged new age warfare to thwart Pakistan's aerial attacks |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/ai-india-pakistan-conflict-aerial-attacks-10009639/ |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=}}</ref> The Indian Army tested an AI-powered [[Negev NG-7]] on 9 June 2025, developed by BSS Material.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Shivani |last2=Sinha |first2=Sahil |date=2025-06-09 |title=India successfully tests AI-enabled light machine guns in high-altitude terrain |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-successfully-tests-ai-enabled-negev-lmg-at-14000-feet-eyes-future-warfare-edge-2737961-2025-06-09 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 June 2025 |title=Indian Army is testing an AI machine gun that can detect, decide and destroy enemy on its own: Watch live demo |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-is-testing-an-ai-machine-gun-that-can-detect-decide-and-destroy-enemy-on-its-own-watch-live-demo/articleshow/122045586.cms?from=mdr |access-date=25 June 2025 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> MoD has approved 129 AI projects until 2026, 77 of which have been finished. To identify and categorize hostile aircraft activities, [[Bharat Electronics|BEL]] has created an AI system accessible through the [[Integrated Air Command and Control System]]. To analyze and automate enemy intercepts in the [[Western Theatre Command (India)|Western Theater]], the Indian Army has developed an Intercept Management System that generates intelligence picture by interpreting data using AI and [[Data and information visualization|visualization]]. It can use AI to perform automated analysis and interpretation, as well as classify and visualize intercepts. To identify airborne targets and eliminate the threat far from susceptible locations, [[Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics|CAIR]] has created an AI-based Air Defense Control and Reporting System.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barik |first=Soumyarendra |date=2025-05-16 |title=AI in the battlefield: How India leveraged new age warfare to thwart Pakistan's aerial attacks |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/ai-india-pakistan-conflict-aerial-attacks-10009639/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

To guarantee smooth data exchange between field units and command centers, [[XXXIII Corps (India)|XXXIII Corps]] tested AI-enabled sensors with secure communication networks during Exercise Divya Drishti in July 2025. A sensor-to-shooter link was successfully established by the Indian Army, allowing for a quicker and more efficient reaction time.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-07-28 |title=Indian Army tests AI, surveillance tech in high-altitude 'Divya Drishti' exercise in Sikkim |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Jul/28/indian-army-tests-ai-surveillance-tech-in-high-altitude-divya-drishti-exercise-in-sikkim |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-28 |title=Watch: Indian Army simulates future warfare using AI and drones near China border |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/watch-indian-army-simulates-future-warfare-using-ai-and-drones-near-china-border/articleshow/122949671.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-07-28 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> On 10 September 2025, the Indian Army received a patent for its AI-powered Automatic Target Classifying System. Using real-time data, such as images or radar signals, it can automatically recognize and categorize targets on radar by comparing them to a database of recorded data. It is useful for guiding missiles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Anish |date=2025-09-11 |title=Indian Army's AI Innovation Boosts Target Detection, Secures Patent |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/indian-army-ai-target-detection-patent-articleshow-krhuyct |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=Asianet Newsable |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mani |first=Sudarsanan |date=2025-09-11 |title=Indian Army secures patent for AI-based Automatic Target Classifying System |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/technology/indian-army-secures-patent-for-ai-based-automatic-target-classifying-system-19670917.htm |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Internal security ===
To dismantle [[Organised crime in India|organized crime]] and [[Terrorism in India|terrorism]] networks, [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] established [[NATGRID#Organised Crime Network Database|Organised Crime Network Database]] on 26 December 2025. The database was launched by [[Union Home Minister]] [[Amit Shah]] at Anti-Terror Conference in Delhi. Investigative agencies can utilize the OCND, an AI-powered advanced analytics tool to rapidly gather comprehensive information about terrorist networks and [[crime syndicates]]. Investigating agencies can instantly access [[First information report|first information reports]], [[Chargesheet|chargesheets]], dossiers, and other vital information about crimes from all [[Indian states]]. To create the OCND, the [[National Investigation Agency]] collaborated closely with state police agencies and [[NATGRID]]. OCND functions like [[ChatGPT]] and offers voice matching and fingerprint data in addition to profile data.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-26 |title='Functions like ChatGPT': AI-powered Organised Crime Network Database launched; provides FIRs and dossiers in real time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/functions-like-chatgpt-ai-powered-organised-crime-network-database-launched-provides-firs-and-dossiers-to-agencies-in-real-time/articleshow/126187643.cms |access-date=2025-12-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-27 |title=AI-powered Organised Crime Network Database (OCND) launches in India with ChatGPT-like functionality |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/technology-ai-powered-organised-crime-network-database-ocnd-launches-in-india-with-chatgpt-like-functionality-4090196/ |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=FE Tech Bytes |language=en}}</ref>

=== Space ===
MOI-TD, India's first AI lab in space, is being built by TakeMe2Space. AI's potential utility in space will be demonstrated with the MOI-TD mission. In order to foresee natural disasters and comprehend climate change, the MOI-TD will assist with environmental monitoring, weather pattern analysis, and Earth's surface change tracking. The lab will process the data in real time, allowing for analysis of the information at the time of collection.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reddy |first=Anurag |date=2025-02-11 |title=Hyderabad Startup Building India's First AI Lab in Orbit |url=https://www.analyticsinsight.net/artificial-intelligence/hyderabad-startup-building-indias-first-ai-lab-in-orbit |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Analytics Insight |language=en}}</ref> The MOI-TD mission showed that it was possible to run external code on the satellite, securely downlink encrypted data, and uplink huge AI models from a ground station through OrbitLab, a web-based console. It effectively validated key subsystems, including computer infrastructure (Zero Cube AI Accelerator, [[PSLV Orbital Experiment Module|POEM]] Adapter Board), actuators (MagnetoTorquers, AirTorquers, [[Reaction wheel|Reaction Wheel]]), and sensors ([[Sun sensor|Sun Sensor]], Horizon Sensor, Solar Cell, [[Inertial measurement unit|IMUs]]). The foundation for space-based computing is laid by MOI-TD. The creation of space-based data centers will be facilitated by the upcoming MOI-1 AI Lab mission. Support for the project came from the [[Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre|Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Center]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-05 |title=TakeMe2Space secures Rs 5.5 crore in Pre-Seed Funding to launch India's first AI lab in space |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/start-ups-takeme2space-secures-rs-5-5-crore-in-pre-seed-funding-to-launch-indias-first-ai-lab-in-space-3767831/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> One study by the [[University of Southampton]] on TakeMe2Space's AI lab used a low-power AI system to lessen [[Motion blur (media)|motion blur]] in satellite imagery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Sanjana |date=2025-02-08 |title=This Hyderabad Startup is Building India's First AI Lab in Orbit |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/deep-tech/this-hyderabad-startup-is-building-indias-first-ai-lab-in-orbit/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Healthcare ===
During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]], Qure.ai's AI chest X-ray reporting tool, qXR, was used to identify patients for high, medium, or low risk so that [[RT-PCR]] testing could be performed. It can identify [[pulmonary consolidation]], [[ground-glass opacity]], and other signs of [[COVID-19]]. The tool provides measurements like the proportion of lung size and volume impacted by the anomalies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bora |first=Garima |date=2020-04-30 |title=Qure.ai can detect Covid-19 lung infections in less than a minute, help triage patients |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/qure-ai-can-detect-covid-19-lung-infections-in-less-than-a-minute-help-triage-patients/articleshow/75464679.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=6 July 2022 |title=AI, ML making equitable, high-quality healthcare a reality: Qure.ai |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/technology/ai-ml-making-equitable-high-quality-healthcare-a-reality-qure-ai-122070600388_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123160438/https://www.business-standard.com/article/technology/ai-ml-making-equitable-high-quality-healthcare-a-reality-qure-ai-122070600388_1.html |archive-date=2025-01-23 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US}}</ref> The Computational and Data Sciences Collaborative Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical and Healthcare Imaging was established by [[Wipro]] [[GE HealthCare]] at [[IISc]] in September 2020. Its goal is to develop advanced diagnostic and medical image-reconstruction techniques and protocols for quicker and better imaging by utilizing deep learning, AI, and future-ready digital interfaces.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2024 |title=Wipro GE Healthcare, IISc set up health tech innovation lab |url=https://www.biospectrumindia.com/news/98/17265/wipro-ge-healthcare-iisc-set-up-health-tech-innovation-lab.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=BioSpectrum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Goled |first=Shraddha |date=2020-09-24 |title=Wipro GE Healthcare Collaborates With IISc To Set Up AI Healthcare Innovation Lab |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/wipro-ge-healthcare-collaborates-with-iisc-to-set-up-ai-healthcare-innovation-lab/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

With an emphasis on neurological disease diagnosis and population-level clinical impact analysis, [[Siemens Healthineers]] established the Computational Data Sciences Collaborative Laboratory for AI in Precision Medicine at [[IISc]] in 2024 to create [[Open source|open-source]] AI tools to automate the segmentation of pathological findings in neuroimaging data.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pilla |first=Viswanath |date=2024-01-24 |title=Siemens Healthineers, IISc opens AI lab for precision medicine |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/pharmaceuticals/siemens-healthineers-iisc-opens-ai-lab-for-precision-medicine/articleshow/107114377.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

As part of the Interdisciplinary Group for Advanced Research on Birth Outcomes – DBT India Initiative (GARBH-Ini) program, [[IIT Madras]] and [[Translational Health Science and Technology Institute]] in 2024 created India's first AI model, Garbhini-GA2, which will accurately estimate the age of the [[fetus]] in [[pregnant women]] in the [[Second trimester|second]] and [[Third trimester|third trimesters]]. In contrast to the current methods of determining a fetus's age in India, which use the Hadlock model developed using pregnancy data from Western countries or the more recent INTERGROWTH-21st model, the Garbhini-GA2, which is specific to the Indian population, uses genetic algorithm-based methods for estimating [[gestational age]]. This model reduces the error by nearly three times. The study was carried out in collaboration with [[Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences]], [[Christian Medical College Vellore]], [[Safdarjung Hospital]], and Gurugram Civil Hospital. Following the completion of pan-India validation, Garbhini-GA2 will be implemented in clinics throughout the country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2024 |title=IIT-M & THSTI develop first India-specific AI model to determine foetus age |url=https://www.biospectrumindia.com/news/91/24243/iit-m-thsti-develop-first-india-specific-ai-model-to-determine-foetus-age.html |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=BioSpectrum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sivapriyan |first=ETB |date=26 February 2024 |title=IIT Madras researchers develop first India-specific AI model to determine age of foetus |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/science/iit-madras-researchers-develop-first-india-specific-ai-model-to-determine-age-of-foetus-2910363 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Ministry of Science and Technology]]'s [[Department of Biotechnology]] provided financing for the research, with additional support from the Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (IIT Madras) and the Centre for Integrative Biology and Systems Medicine (IIT Madras).<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-02-26 |title=India-specific model to give accurate gestational age of foetus |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/india-specific-model-to-give-accurate-gestational-age-of-foetus/article67888396.ece |access-date=2025-02-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-26 |title=IIT Madras, THSTI researchers develop first India-specific AI model for foetus age |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/iit-madras-thsti-researchers-develop-first-india-specific-ai-model-for-foetus-age-2507157-2024-02-26 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In order to support healthy aging, constructive lifestyle modifications, and psycho-social wellbeing, Wipro and the Centre for Brain Research at IISc partnered in May 2024 to create an AI-based personal care engine that will consider a person's past medical history, desired health state, and behavioral responses to offer personalized help with chronic disease prevention and treatment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2024 |title=Wipro collaborates with Centre for Brain Research at IISc for AI-driven health behaviour innovations |url=https://www.biospectrumindia.com/news/100/24690/wipro-collaborates-with-centre-for-brain-research-at-iisc-for-ai-driven-health-behaviour-innovations.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=BioSpectrum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-28 |title=Wipro teams up with Centre for Brain Research at IISc on AI-driven health behaviour innovations |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/information-tech/wipro-teams-up-with-centre-for-brain-research-at-iisc-on-ai-driven-health-behaviour-innovations/articleshow/110486795.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Researchers from [[St. John's Medical College|St. John's Hospital]] and [[IIIT-B]] are focusing on using [[computer vision]] for early detection of [[autism]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=T.R |first=Jahnavi |date=2024-11-21 |title=Researchers use computer vision for early detection of autism |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/researchers-use-computer-vision-for-early-detection-of-autism/article68894133.ece |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Mobility ===
In an effort to improve road safety and decrease fatalities by half, [[Minister of Road Transport and Highways]] [[Nitin Gadkari]] inaugurated Intelligent Solutions for Road Safety through Technology and Engineering (iRASTE) under Mission Zero on 11 September 2021. The pilot project will run for two years in [[Nagpur]]. [[Intel]], [[International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad]], [[Central Road Research Institute]], [[Mahindra & Mahindra]], and [[Nagpur Municipal Corporation]] are part of the pilot project. It is focusing on vehicle safety, mobility analysis, and infrastructure safety.<ref>{{Cite web |title=iRASTE |url=https://inai.iiit.ac.in/iraste-telangana.html |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=inai.iiit.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gandharv |first=kumar |date=2021-09-13 |title=Nitin Gadkari Launches AI-Powered iRASTE Project For Road Safety |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/nitin-gadkari-launches-ai-powered-iraste-project-for-road-safety/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

To improve vehicle safety, [[Nagpur Municipal Corporation|NMC]] will outfit its fleet of vehicles with [[Advanced driver-assistance system|advanced driver-assistance systems]] and [[Collision avoidance system|collision avoidance systems]]. They will also be equipped with sensors which will continuously monitor the road network's dynamic risks for mobility analysis, mapping the city into three zones: white (normal), grey (accident could happen), and black (accident has already happened). The data will be gathered by Intel AI Center at [[IIIT-H]] for monitoring and fixing the grey and black zones.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deshpande |first=Vivek |date=2021-09-11 |title=With aim to enhance road safety in Nagpur, Nitin Gadkari launches iRASTE initiative |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/with-aim-to-enhance-road-safety-in-nagpur-nitin-gadkari-launches-iraste-initiative-7501907/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=iRASTE project aims reducing road accidents, finding factors responsible: Intel India head |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/business/iraste-project-aims-reducing-road-accidents-finding-factors-responsible-intel-india-head-1029918.html |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

MINRO at IIIT-B is working on traffic analysis of Indian road conditions, analyzing traffic data, and using data for multimodal transport to make recommendations about the locations of [[Urban rail transit in India|rail transit]] and [[Bus station|bus stations]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Kannaiah |first=Venkatesh |date=2024-03-25 |title=Our work on building 5G-Advanced base stations will be a game changer: Debabrata Das, Director, IIIT Bangalore |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/5g-advanced-base-stations-will-be-a-game-changer-debabrata-das-director-iiit-bangalore-9230265/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Government ===
In 2021, the [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs]] introduced the first phase of MCA21 V3.0. It will allow for the electronic filing of documents under the [[corporate law]] and public access to corporate information. AI will be utilized by the platform to gather, organize, and classify stakeholder comments and inputs and produce analytical reports that will facilitate speedy policy choices.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-05-24 |title=Corporate Affairs Ministry launches first phase of MCA21 V3.0 portal |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/corporate-affairs-ministry-launches-first-phase-of-mca21-v3-0-portal/articleshow/82910166.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

With assistance from [[Google]], the [[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare]] and the [[Wadhwani Institute for Artificial Intelligence]] created Krishi 24/7, the first AI-powered automated agricultural news monitoring and analysis tool. Through better decision-making, Krishi 24/7 will support the identification of valuable news, provide timely notifications, and respond quickly to safeguard farmers' interests and advance sustainable agricultural growth. The application converts news articles into English after scanning them in several languages. It ensures that the ministry is informed in a timely manner about pertinent occurrences that are published online by extracting key information from news items, including the headline, crop name, event type, date, location, severity, summary, and source link. The [[National Centre for Disease Control|National Center for Disease Control]] has effectively implemented a comparable automated surveillance and analysis tool for disease outbreaks.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 November 2023 |title=Krishi 24/7, the first-ever AI-powered solution for automated agricultural news monitoring and analysis |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1975109 |access-date=13 April 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India.}}</ref>

As part of the Safe City initiative, 1,000 AI cameras with [[Facial recognition system|facial recognition]] were placed at a cost of ₹96 [[crore]] in [[Lucknow]]'s commercial districts, colleges, hostels, large crossings, and public gathering spots. By integrating with the [[National Crime Records Bureau#National Automated Fingerprint Identification System|National Automated Fingerprint Identification System]], the cameras will detect suspicious movement of individuals by comparing their faces to a police database, notify control rooms of any criminal activities, and send out alerts against [[illegal dumping]]. For a more responsive and linked security network, AI will be included into [[Crisis hotline|crisis hotlines]] and [[Helpline|helplines]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-09 |title=In a 1st, 1K AI-enabled cameras to keep Lucknow safe and clean |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/aienabled-cams-for-city-safety-and-cleanliness/articleshow/107542349.cms |access-date=2025-02-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In collaboration with the [[Indian government]], IIIT-B created Datalake, a tool that analyzes government data on a range of projects to determine whether the objectives of the policy have been fulfilled and whether there is room for improvement. It can forecast how to modify the beneficiary structure to comply with the policy and benefit the citizens.<ref name=":4" />

The [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] used [[Facial recognition system|facial recognition]] and AI-powered crowd density monitoring, RFID wristbands as part of the security setup for the [[2025 Prayag Maha Kumbh Mela]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 December 2024 |title=Maha Kumbh 2025: A Seamless and Spiritually Enriching Journey Awaits Devotees |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2088675 |access-date=24 February 2025 |work=Press Information Bureau |agency=Ministry of Culture, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-12-30 |title=U.P. government to use AI-enabled cameras, RFID wristbands to track pilgrims at Mahakumbh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttar-pradesh/up-government-to-use-ai-enabled-cameras-rfid-wristbands-to-track-pilgrims-at-mahakumbh/article69043950.ece |access-date=2025-02-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Plans to establish India's first AI lab aimed at strengthening cyber surveillance operations against [[deepfake]] threats and the country’s first tea auction driven by [[blockchain]] and AI, were announced by the [[Assam Government|Assam government]] in the state budget for 2025–2026.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kalita |first=Prabin |date=2025-03-10 |title=With Rs 2.6L-cr budget, Assam launches satellite plans, green & AI innovation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/with-rs-2-6l-cr-budget-assam-launches-satellite-plans-green-ai-innovation/articleshow/118856827.cms |access-date=2025-03-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It will focus on real-time online threat detection, [[digital forensics]], and cybersecurity. The lab will track cyberthreats, and assess misleading media.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2025 |title=Assam To Set Up India's First AI-Powered Anti-Deepfake & Cyber Surveillance Lab |url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/assam/assam-to-set-up-indias-first-ai-powered-anti-deepfake-cyber-surveillance-lab |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=guwahatiplus.com |language=en}}</ref>

The AI Competency Framework was unveiled on 6 March 2025 by [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]], the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology|Minister for Electronics and information Technology]], in recognition of the crucial role AI plays in governance. Its goal is to provide public sector professionals with the necessary skills for upskilling programs and AI competency mapping. This framework guarantees informed AI policy-making and implementation by conforming to international best practices. To improve government officials' iGOT Karmayogi platform learning experience, a tailored content suggestion system driven by AI was also unveiled.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15" />

=== Society ===
[[Wadhwani Institute for Artificial Intelligence|Wadhwani AI]], a $30 million nonprofit research institute, was established in 2018 by [[Romesh Wadhwani]] and [[Sunil Wadhwani]] with the goal of enhancing the lives of the world's poorest 2 billion people. [[New York University]], the [[University of Southern California]], [[Indian Institutes of Technology|India Institutes of Technology]], and [[University of Mumbai]] will collaborate with the institute. The objective is to have solutions that show how AI can help the [[underprivileged]], and then to build on those initial instances. Wadhwani AI will support universities from [[developing nations]] in expanding their AI capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheney |first=Catherine |date=2018-02-21 |title=Indian billionaire brothers launch AI development research institute |url=https://www.devex.com/news/indian-billionaire-brothers-launch-ai-development-research-institute-92168 |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=Devex |language=en}}</ref>

As part of [[Microsoft]]'s Global Skills for Social Impact charter, the ADVANTA(I)GE India program's first phase trained 2.4 million people in AI skills between 2024 and 2025; 74% of these persons came from [[Tier 2 cities in india|tier 2]] and [[Classification of Indian cities|tier 3]] cities, and 65% of them were women. Another 10 million people will be trained by 2030 as part of the second phase.<ref name=":16" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-02-07 |title=Microsoft to provide AI skilling opportunities to 2 million people in India by 2025 |url=https://news.microsoft.com/en-in/microsoft-to-provide-ai-skilling-opportunities-to-2-million-people-in-india-by-2025/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Microsoft |language=en-IN}}</ref>

The [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] launched '''IndiaAI Application Development Initiative''' on 6 March 2025. The aim is to create, scale, and encourage the usage of AI to improve the socioeconomic landscape of the country. In order to solve issues in the fields of healthcare, agriculture, governance, [[Climate change in India|climate change]], [[Disaster management in India|disaster management]], and [[learning disabilities]], IndiaAI has initiated the '''IndiaAI''' '''Innovation Challenge'''. Enhancing access to public services, improving healthcare, increasing agricultural productivity, helping people with learning disabilities, and lessening the effects of climate change are the goals. With the goal of lowering entry barriers in the field of AI, the '''IndiaAI FutureSkills Initiative''' will expand the number of AI courses offered in undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral level. To deliver foundational level training, IndiaAI Data Labs are being set up in [[Tier 2 cities in india|tier 2]] and [[Classification of Indian cities|tier 3]] locations throughout the country. IndiaAI has created the two courses for the positions of Data Curator and Data Annotator, with an emphasis on industries like manufacturing, healthcare, education, and agriculture. These will be taught in IndiaAI Data Labs located throughout 28 centers of the [[National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology]], and [[Industrial training institute|industrial training institutes]].<ref name=":14" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 March 2025 |title=Government of India Expands AI-Driven Skilling |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2113095 |access-date=4 June 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Electronics & IT, Government of India.}}</ref>

An MoU was signed on 5 June 2025, between [[OpenAI]] and the IndiaAI Mission to establish OpenAI Academy, which would provide AI education training materials in Hindi, English, and four regional languages for students, developers, educators, civil servants, nonprofit leaders, and small business owners.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sadashiv |first=Sakshi |date=5 June 2025 |title=OpenAI signs MoU with IndiaAI Mission to launch OpenAI Academy in India |url=https://www.livemint.com/technology/tech-news/openai-signs-mou-with-indiaai-mission-to-launch-openai-academy-in-india-11749131568891.html |access-date=12 June 2025 |work=livemint.com}}</ref> It will integrate with IndiaAI FutureSkills Initiative and iGOT Karmayogi platform. One million teachers will receive training on how to use GenAI in the classroom. Additionally, 50 startups or fellows recognized by the IndiaAI Mission will get API credits from OpenAI worth up to $100,000.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Choudhary |first=Govind |date=2025-06-05 |title=OpenAI launches first global education platform in India in partnership with IndiaAI Mission |url=https://www.livemint.com/technology/tech-news/openai-launches-first-global-education-platform-in-india-in-partnership-with-indiaai-mission-11749131822971.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250607083416/https://www.livemint.com/technology/tech-news/openai-launches-first-global-education-platform-in-india-in-partnership-with-indiaai-mission-11749131822971.html |archive-date=2025-06-07 |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=livemint.com |language=en}}</ref> OpenAI has extended its '''AI for Impact Accelerator program''' by giving 11 [[NGOs]] a total of $150,000 in technical funding to develop AI solutions for underserved industries like healthcare, education, and agriculture.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Supriya |date=2025-06-03 |title=OpenAI Academy expands to India, commits $150,000 to nonprofits |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/openai-academy-expands-to-india-commits-150000-to-nonprofits/articleshow/121602608.cms |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Finance and insurance ===
In India's [[BFSI|banking, financial services and insurance]] (BFSI) industries, AI is already in use as of 2024 and the use of AI by BFSI companies is growing.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=6 November 2024 |title=AI, GenAI, and blockchain: How technology is transforming BFSI sector |url=https://www.business-standard.com/technology/tech-news/ai-genai-and-blockchain-how-technology-is-transforming-bfsi-sector-124110501372_1.html |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=Business Standard}}</ref> Banks in India are using it for [[predictive analytics]], fraud detection, and personalisation services.<ref name=":13" /> In capital markets, AI is being used for [[high-frequency trading]] and [[Quantitative analysis (finance)|quantitative analysis]].<ref name=":13" /> AI is being used by insurance companies for underwriting, fraud detection and damage assessment.<ref name=":13" /> However, with the growth of AI usage in the BFSI sector, the Indian government has also stated that AI, including deepfakes and prompt hacking of large language models, is being used for cyberattacks on BFSI companies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doval |first=Pankaj |date=7 April 2025 |title=Govt-backed report warns of threats to BFSI from deep fakes and AI-generated content |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/govt-backed-report-warns-of-threats-to-bfsi-from-deep-fakes-and-ai-generated-content/articleshow/120071326.cms |access-date=20 May 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== AI companies of India ==

The following is a list of notable '''AI companies of India''', along with their corporate headquarters location.


{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
!Name !!|Headquarters !!|AI field !! class="unsortable" |Founded year
|-
|[[Sarvam AI]] || [[Bengaluru]]|| [[Large language model|AI LLM]] || 2023
|-
|[[Fractal Analytics]] || [[New York City]] || Data analytics || 2000 in Mumbai<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nataraj |first=Poornima |date=2022-01-05 |title=Analytics & AI firm Fractal raises $360 million investment, becomes the second unicorn of 2022 |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/analytics-ai-firm-fractal-raises-360-million-investment-becomes-the-second-unicorn-of-2022/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Glance (company)|Glance]] || [[Bengaluru]]|| Social media || 2019
|-
|[[Haptik]]|| [[Mumbai]] || Chatbot, intelligence assistant || 2013 in Mumbai<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushal |first=Bhavya |date=2022-12-27 |title=AI start-up Haptik says company's revenue grew 2.5x, onboarded 5,000 SMBs in 2022 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/entrepreneurship/story/ai-start-up-haptik-says-companys-revenue-grew-25x-onboarded-5000-smbs-in-2022-357943-2022-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Infibeam|Infibeam Avenues Ltd (Phronetic.ai)]] || [[GIFT City]]|| Fraud detection and authentication and risk identification in financial & commerce sector || 2010<ref>{{cite web |date=22 December 2023 |title=Infibeam Avenues Ltd's AI-Hub at GIFT City christened as 'Phronetic.ai' |url=https://www.vccircle.com/infibeamavenuesltd-s-ai-hub-at-gift-city-christened-as-phronetic-ai |access-date=27 February 2025 |website=VCCircle}}</ref>
|-
|[[Karvy Corporate|kFin Technologies]] || Hyderabad || Insurance || 2017
|-
|Ola Krutrim || [[Bangalore]] || [[Agentic AI]] and chatbots || 2023
|-
|[[Niki.ai]] || Bengaluru || Chatbots || 2015
|-
|[[Persistent Systems]] || [[Pune]] || Data analytics || 1990
|-
|[[Tata Technologies]] || Pune || AI/ML-based manufacturing R&D<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dave |first=Radhika |date=30 September 2023 |title=Tata Technologies' use of AI/ML reduced power consumption by 18% on shopfloor |url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news/tata-technologies-use-of-aiml-reduced-power-consumption-by-18-on-shopfloor-117039 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Autocar Professional |language=en}}</ref>|| 1989
|-
|[[Uniphore|Uniphore Software Systems]] || [[Palo Alto, California]]|| Conversational automation || 2008 in Chennai, India
|-
|[[Yellow.ai]] || [[San Mateo, California]]|| Messenger || 2016 in Bangalore, India
|-
|[[Zoho Corporation]] || [[Chennai]] || General AI || 1996 in New Jersey, USA
|-
|KissanAI
|[[Surat]]
|Agriculture<ref>{{Cite news |last=P |first=Suraksha |date=2024-01-16 |title=Agri LLM Dhenu 1.0 on pilot to seed a new AI revolution |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/agri-llm-dhenu-1-0-on-pilot-to-seed-a-new-ai-revolution/articleshow/106842348.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
|2023<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-01 |title=KissanAI - Company Profile - Tracxn |url=https://tracxn.com/d/companies/kissanai/__x3sXGV7_rxe7YavDuiM5qrDOHNcurTbKAKtt_jGhgdo#about-the-company |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=tracxn.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sarvam AI]] || Bengaluru ||Generative AI, [[Large language model|large language models]]||2023
|-
|AAGYAVISION
|Bengaluru
|Custom-designed chip, radar hardware, and AI-powered algorithms for real-time control and signal analysis<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-06-27 |title=AMD India Funds Semiconductor Startup AAGYAVISION |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/news-and-trends/amd-india-funds-semiconductor-startup-aagyavision/493921 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701073157/https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/news-and-trends/amd-india-funds-semiconductor-startup-aagyavision/493921 |archive-date=2025-07-01 |access-date=2025-07-22 |work=Entrepreneur |language=en}}</ref>
|2022<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Aagyavision Private Limited - Company, Directors, Charges and Compliance details |url=https://www.filesure.in/company/aagyavision-private-limited/U72900KA2022PTC158189?tab=about |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=FileSure |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|NxtGen Cloud Technologies
|Bengaluru
|Agentic and generative AI, sovereign cloud<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=NxtGen Introduces M, India-Made Open Generative AI Platform |url=https://www.opensourceforu.com/2025/08/nxtgen-introduces-m-india-made-open-generative-ai-platform/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=opensourceforu.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-08-08 |title=NxtGen Launches Indigenous Open Source-Based Agentic AI Platform |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/news-and-trends/nxtgen-launches-indigenous-open-source-based-agentic-ai/495661 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en}}</ref>
|2012
|-
|[https://kymo.in Kymo Analytics]
|Manali
|AI Visibility and attribution tracker. Web analytics for the AI age. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Charan |first=Narender |date=2026-08-17 |title=Kymo launches cookieless analytics that shows small websites which AI crawlers are reading them |url=https://www.openpr.com/news/4604995/kymo-launches-cookieless-analytics-that-shows-small-websites |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=OpenPR |language=en}}</ref>
|2026
|}

== Safety and regulation ==
In order to determine whether to create an [[AI Safety Institute]] (AISI) that can establish standards, frameworks, and guidelines for AI development without serving as a regulatory body or stifling innovation, [[MeitY]] conducted consultation process with [[Meta Platforms]], [[Google]], [[Microsoft]], [[IBM]], [[OpenAI]], [[NASSCOM]], Broadband India Forum, [[Software Alliance]], [[Indian Institutes of Technology]], The Quantum Hub, Digital Empowerment Foundation, and [[Access Now]] on 7 October 2024. It was decided that instead of focusing on regulation, the AISI would focus on damage detection, risk identification, and standards setting for which interoperable systems are necessary to prevent the development of silos which may eventually influence future policies. The Safe and Trusted Pillar of the IndiaAI Mission has been allocated [[₹]]20 [[crore]], which the AISI may use for the inaugural budget. More money from the IndiaAI Mission's other verticals may be used in the future.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-13 |title=Govt mulls setting up Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-mulls-setting-up-artificial-intelligence-safety-institute-101728833433153.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241120105636/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-mulls-setting-up-artificial-intelligence-safety-institute-101728833433153.html |archive-date=2024-11-20 |access-date=2025-02-17 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeevanandam |first=Nivash |date=15 October 2024 |title=MeitY Hosts Consultation for Establishing India AI Safety Institute under IndiaAI Mission's Safe and Trusted Pillar |url=https://indiaai.gov.in/news/meity-hosts-consultation-for-establishing-india-ai-safety-institute-under-indiaai-mission-s-safe-and-trusted-pillar |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=IndiaAI |language=en}}</ref>

In order to develop an AI policy report tailored to India and assess the country's AI ecosystem's strengths and future prospects, [[UNESCO]] and MeitY began consulting on AI Readiness Assessment Methodology under Safety and Ethics in Artificial Intelligence from 2024. It is to encourage the ethical and responsible use of AI in industries. The study will help find areas where government can become involved, especially in attempts to strengthen institutional and regulatory capabilities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 November 2024 |title=UNESCO and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Host Multi-Stakeholder Consultation on Safety and Ethics in Artificial Intelligence |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2073920 |access-date=19 February 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Electronics & IT, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 January 2025 |title=UNESCO and Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) host stakeholder consultation on AI Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM) in India |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2094899 |access-date=19 February 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Electronics & IT, Government of India}}</ref>

[[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology|Minister for Electronics & Information Technology]] [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]] announced the creation of an [[IndiaAI Safety Institute]] on 30 January 2025, to ensure the ethical and safe application of AI models. The institute will promote domestic [[research and development]] that is grounded in India's social, economic, cultural, and linguistic diversity and is based on Indian datasets. With the help of academic and research institutions, as well as private sector partners, the institute will follow the [[hub-and-spoke]] approach to carry out projects within Safe and Trusted Pillar of the IndiaAI Mission. Among the major safety-related initiatives are eight ongoing projects to implement a techno-legal strategy to protect data privacy while conducting an ethical audit of algorithmic effectiveness.<ref name=":5" />

First round of projects are as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annexure 3 |url=https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2025/jan/doc2025130492201.pdf |access-date=25 February 2025 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Theme
!Institute
!Project
|-
|[[Machine unlearning]]
|[[IIT Jodhpur]]
|Develop method for targeted unlearning in [[Open source|open-source]] [[Generative artificial intelligence|generative]] [[Foundation model|foundation models]] while minimizing negative impact on overall model performance.
|-
|[[Synthetic data]] generation
|[[IIT Roorkee]]
|
* Design and develop method for generating synthetic data for mitigating bias in datasets.
* Framework for mitigating bias in machine learning pipeline for responsible AI.
* Develop algorithm for handling the bias at the model training and in-processing stage of machine learning model development.
|-
|AI bias mitigation strategy
|[[National Institute of Technology, Raipur]]
|Development of algorithms for bias mitigation in health care system applications, image analysis, and diagnostic decisions.
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Explainable AI]] framework
|[[Defence Institute of Advanced Technology]]
| rowspan="2" |
* Enabling explainable and privacy preserving AI.
* Creating AI models to provide accurate and interpretable results for human activity analysis for effective security in crowded environment.
|-
|Mindgraph Technologies
|-
| rowspan="4" |Privacy enhancing strategies
|[[IIT Delhi]]
| rowspan="4" |
* Privacy preserving machine learning models.
* Develop [[Distributed computing|distributed]] learning algorithms that can perform in an adversarial environment susceptible to attacks.
|-
|[[IIT Dharwad]]
|-
|[[Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi]]
|-
|[[Telecommunication Engineering Centre]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |AI ethical certification framework
|[[IIIT-Delhi]]
| rowspan="2" |
* Nishpaksh: tools for assessing fairness of AI model.
* Develop three step certification process involving bias risk assessment, processing for metrics, and bias testing to ensure fairness for AI systems in the Indian context.
|-
|[[Telecommunication Engineering Centre|TEC]]
|-
|AI algorithm auditing framework
|Civic Data Lab
|ParakhAI: open-source framework and toolkit for participatory algorithmic auditing. It will involve citizens in the responsible design, development, and deployment of algorithmic decision making systems.
|-
| rowspan="2" |AI governance testing framework
|[[Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham]]
| rowspan="2" |Track [[large language model]], transparency, risk-assessment, context and knowledge for [[Large language model|LLMs]]. Identify and address specific gaps in the existing governance testing frameworks related to LLM's downstream use-case and deployment.
|-
|TEC
|}
Themes for second round of projects include [[Watermark (data file)|watermarking]] and labelling, ethical AI frameworks, AI risk-assessment and management, stress testing tools, and [[deepfake]] detection tools.<ref name=":5" />

[[Infosys]] released an open-source "Responsible AI" toolbox on 26 February 2025. The program, is a component of the Infosys Topaz Responsible AI Suite. It assists in identifying and stopping security risks, privacy violations, biased outputs, damaging content, copyright infringement, false information, deepfakes, and the use of malevolent AI. The toolkit can improve the transparency of outcomes produced by AI. It works with both on-premises and cloud systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2025 |title=Infosys Unveils Open Source 'Responsible AI' Toolkit To Promote Ethical Use |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/infosys-unveils-open-source-responsible-ai-toolkit-to-promote-ethical-use-7799415 |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref> Citing concerns about the confidentiality of government data and documents, the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] issued an internal department caution advising staff not to use AI tools like [[ChatGPT]] and [[DeepSeek (chatbot)|DeepSeek]] for work-related purposes.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Sarita |last2=Ohri |first2=Nikunj |date=5 February 2025 |title=India's finance ministry asks employees to avoid AI tools like ChatGPT, DeepSeek |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/indias-finance-ministry-asks-employees-avoid-ai-tools-like-chatgpt-deepseek-2025-02-05/ |access-date=3 March 2025 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

In order to comply with the [[Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023]] and other sovereignty requirements, [[OpenAI]] allowed the local storage of data for ChatGPT Enterprise, ChatGPT Edu, and OpenAI [[API]] platform customers from 8 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aryan |first=Aashish |date=8 May 2025 |title=OpenAI to store ChatGPT Enterprise and API user data locally in India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/technology/tech-news/openai-chatgpt-india-data-residency-enterprise-edu-api-launch-125050800140_1.html |access-date=12 June 2025 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lohchab |first=Himanshi |date=2025-05-20 |title=ET Explainer: What OpenAI's local data residency means for India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/artificial-intelligence/et-explainer-what-openais-local-data-residency-means-for-india/articleshow/121275267.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Talks to establish data center operations in India have already been started by OpenAI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aryan |first=Aashish |date=13 February 2025 |title=ChatGPT maker OpenAI's plan to set up India data centre in the works |url=https://www.business-standard.com/technology/tech-news/chatgpt-maker-openai-s-plan-to-set-up-india-data-centre-in-the-works-125021301533_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220163942/https://www.business-standard.com/technology/tech-news/chatgpt-maker-openai-s-plan-to-set-up-india-data-centre-in-the-works-125021301533_1.html |archive-date=2025-02-20 |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Google]] launched its Safety Charter for India's AI-led transformation on 18 June 2025. Keeping end users safe, cybersecurity for government and enterprise infrastructure, and responsibly developing AI are the three core pillars that it outlines for addressing the difficulties of the online world in partnership with the larger ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Urvashi |date=2025-06-18 |title=Google unveils Safety Charter to secure India's AI-powered digital future |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/technology/google-unveils-safety-charter-to-secure-indias-ai-powered-digital-future/124147 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Ayushi |date=2025-06-17 |title=As AI grows, Google introduces Safety Charter in India to fight scams and boost cybersecurity |url=https://www.digit.in/news/general/as-ai-grows-google-rolls-out-safety-charter-in-india-to-fight-scams-and-boost-cybersecurity.html |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=Digit |language=en}}</ref> In order to operationalize Google's Safety Charter, Google Safety Engineering Center in [[Hyderabad]] was established.<ref>{{Cite web |last=John |first=Merin Susan |date=2025-06-19 |title=Google Opens Cybersecurity Hub in Hyderabad to Strengthen India's Digital Safety Infra |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/google-opens-cybersecurity-hub-in-hyderabad-to-strengthen-indias-digital-safety-infra/ |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

<ref>{{Cite web |last=Charan |first=Narender |date=2026-08-17 |title=Kymo launches cookieless analytics that shows small websites which AI crawlers are reading them |url=https://www.openpr.com/news/4604995/kymo-launches-cookieless-analytics-that-shows-small-websites |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=OpenPR |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[HCLTech]]
* [[Infosys]]
* [[Tata Elxsi]]
* [[Sarvam AI]]

==Related articles==
* [[Artificial intelligence industry in Canada]]
* [[Artificial intelligence industry in China]]
* [[Artificial intelligence industry in Italy]]
* [[Artificial intelligence industry in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Artificial intelligence in Brazilian industry]]
* [[Artificial intelligence industry in China]]

== References ==
{{reflist}} or <references />
[[Category:Artificial intelligence by country|India]]
[[Category:Economy of India]]
[[Category:Computer science in India]]

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Artificial intelligence in India