Madhu Limaye

2021-12-28T19:19:06Z

2405:201:6814:58CF:D9B8:AA05:D462:2CAB:

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[[File:Madhu Limaye 1997 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Limaye on a 1997 stamp of India]]
'''Madhu Limaye''' (1 May 1922 – 8 January 1995), full name: Madhukar Ramchandra Limaye, was an Indian socialist essayist and activist, particularly active in the 1970s.<ref>Qurban Ali. [https://www.academia.edu/33401303/Short_Political_Biography_of_SHRI_MADHU_LIMAYE Short Political Biography of Madhu Limaye]. academia.edu</ref>{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}} A follower of [[Ram Manohar Lohia]] and a fellow-traveller of [[George Fernandes]], he was active in the [[Janata government]] that gained power at the Centre following the [[Indian Emergency|Emergency]]. He, with [[Raj Narain]] and [[Krishan Kant]] was also responsible for the collapse of the [[Morarji Desai]]-led Janata government installed by that coalition, by insisting that no member of the [[Janata Party]] could simultaneously be a member of an alternative social or political organisation. This attack on ''dual membership'' was directed specifically at members of the Janata Party who had been members of the [[Jan Sangh]], and continued to be members of the right-wing [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), the Jan Sangh's ideological parent. The issue led to fall of the Janata government in 1979, and the destruction of the Janata coalition.<ref>Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne H. Rudolph (1987) ''In Pursuit of Lakshmi: The Political Economy of the Indian State''. University of Chicago Press. pp 457–459. {{ISBN|9788125015512}}</ref>

In retirement, through the 1980s, he continued to write; he was especially caustic on Constitutional issues, where he set himself the task of defending the Constitution in the media against those who would seek to modify it to centralise power or to replace the [[Parliamentary system]] with a [[Presidential system|Presidential]] one, fearing a 'slow slide to despotism.''<ref>{{cite journal|author=Roderick Church|title=Contemporary Indian Politics, by Madhu Limaye|journal=Pacific Affairs|volume= 61|issue=3|year=1988|pages=536–537}}</ref>

He showed less antipathy to the memory of [[Indira Gandhi]] than could have been expected, reserving his anger for [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], who he seemed to think "could have set a standard beyond reproach, but did not."<ref>{{cite journal|title=Prime Movers: Role of the Individual in History, by Madhu Limaye|author=Leonard A. Gordon |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|volume=47|issue=3|year=1988|pages=683–684|doi=10.2307/2057064|jstor=2057064 }}</ref>

==Family and early life==
Madhu Limaye, son of Ramchandra Mahadev Limaye, was born in Pune on 1 May 1922. He was educated at the [[Fergusson College]], Poona (now [[Pune]]). He married Professor Champa Limaye and had one son. He was previously associated with the [[Indian National Congress]], 1938—48 and the Congress Socialist Party, 1938—1948. His education was interrupted due to participation in the [[Indian freedom movement|freedom movement]]. He was imprisoned for 4 years between 1940 and 1945.

===Socialist===
Attended Socialist International’s Antwerp conference as a sole delegate of Indian Socialist Movement, 1947. Elected, Member National Executive of the Socialist Party at Nasik Conference, 1948. Joint Secretary, Socialist Party, 1949—52. Secretary Asian Socialist Bureau, Rangoon, 1953. Elected, Joint Secretary, Praja Socialist Party at its first Conference at Allahabad, 1953.

===Goa Liberation Movement===
Sentenced to 12 years imprisonment in the [[Goa liberation movement]] in 1955. Spent over 19 months in Portuguese captivity.

===Parliamentarian===

Chairman, Socialist Party 1958–59. Chairman Samyukta Socialist Party Parliamentary Board, 1967–68. Leader, Socialist Group in [[Fourth Lok Sabha]], 1967.

Term as Member of Parliament
* (i) [[Third Lok Sabha]], 1964—67 from [[Munger (Lok Sabha constituency)|Munger]] (won by-poll)
* (ii) [[Fourth Lok Sabha]], 1967—71 from Munger
* (iii) [[Fifth Lok Sabha]], 1973—77 from [[Banka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banka]] (won by-poll)
* (iv) [[Sixth Lok Sabha]] 1977–79 from Banka.<ref name="6-ls">{{cite web|title=6th Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile- LIMAYE, SHRI MADHU|url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1531.htm|accessdate=11 December 2017}}</ref>
* He lost General Elections to Lok Sabha from Munger in 1971 and Banka in 1980.

===Janata Party===

Played an active part in the [[JP Movement|JP movement]] and in an effort to create a united opposition party. He was detained under the [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act]] (MISA) from July 1975<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=QaGzA2WA_B0C&pg=PA511&dq=Madhu+Dandavate+arrested+emergency&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qAoUU4_rKMKCrgeBuoGoCA&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Madhu%20Dandavate%20arrested%20emergency&f=false] Case Studies on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: A World Survey. Vol. 3. 1987</ref> to February 1977 in various Madhya Pradesh Jails. Resigned in protest, from membership of the fifth Lok Sabha, on immoral extension of its term by [[Indira Gandhi]] through abuse of constitutional provisions about emergency. general secretary, Janata Party 1 May 1977–79. general secretary, Janata Party (S) and Lok Dal ,1979–82. Retired from active politics in 1982 after the formation of Lok Dal (K). Wrote more than 60 books in English, Hindi and Marathi.

==Social activities==

Associated with youth organisations, inspiring speeches, study groups, seminars, libraries, social reform movement and periodicals.

==Publications==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

===In English===

* Where is the left going?
* Tito's Revolt against Stalin
* Communist Party: Facts and Fiction
* Socialist Communist Interaction in India
* Evolution of the Socialist Policy
* Political Horizons
* Indian Polity in Transition
* India and the World
* Madhu Limaye on Famous Personalities
* Galaxy of Indian Socialist Leaders
* The Age of Hope: Phases of the Socialist Movement
* Politics After Freedom
* The Sino-Indian War: Its Historical and International Background
* Goa Liberation Movement and Madhu Limaye
* Manu, Gandhi, Ambedkar and other Essays
* Religious Bigotry: A Threat to the Ordered State
* Parliament, Judiciary, and Parties – An Electrocardiogram of Politics
* Janata Party Experiment – Part I & II
* Limits to Authority
* Political Controversies and Religious Conflicts in Contemporary India
* Decline of a Political System
* Indian Politics at Crossroads
* Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru: A Historic Partnership 1916–1948 (Vol. I—Vol. IV)
* Cabinet Government in India
* Problems of India's Foreign Policy
* Indian National Movement: Its ideological and Socio-Economic Dimensions
* Decline of a Political System: Indian Politics at Crossroads
* Birth of Non-Congressism: Opposition Politics (1947–1975), Musings on Current Problems and Past Events
* Contemporary Indian Politics
* President Vs Prime Minister
* Prime Movers: Role of the Individual in History
* Barren Path
* Four Pillar State
* The New Constitutional Amendments
* A Self Liquidating Scheme for Reservation
* Supreme Court's Decision on Backward Class Reservation
* August Struggle – An Appraisal of Quit India Movement
* Dear Popat
* Last Writings
* Madhu Limaye in Parliament (A Monograph on Madhu Limaye containing many of his important speeches in Lok Sabha, Published by Lok Sabha Secretariat – Parliament of India).

===In Hindi===

* Atmakatha
* Sardar Patel – Suvyavasthit Rajya Ke Preneta
* Baba Saheb Ambedakar – Ek Chintan
* Sankramankaleen Rajneeti
* Dharam Aur Rajneeti
* Rashtrapati Banam Pradhanmantri
* Swatantrata Andolan Ki Vichardhara
* Samasyein Aur Vikalp Marxvaad Aur Gandhivaad
* Aarakshan Ki Neeti
* Bhartiya Rajneeti Ke Antarvirodh
* Bhartiya Rajneeti Ka Sankat
* Sarvajanik Jeevan Main Naitikata Ka Lop
* August Kranti Ka Bahuaayami Paridrashya
* Ayodhya – Vote Bank Ki Vidhwansak Rajneeti
* Communist Party: Kathni Aur Karni
* Mahatma Gandhi – Rashtrapita Kyoon Kehlate Hain
* Rajneeti Ki Shatranj – VP Se PV Tak, Bharatiya Rajneeti Ka Naya Mod
* Aapatkaal: Samvaidhanik Adhinayakvad Ka Prashast Path
* Chaukhamba Raj – Ek Rooprekha.

===In Marathi===

* Trimantri Yojna
* Communist Zahirnamyachi Shambhar Varshey
* Pakshantar Bandi? Navhey Aniyantrit Neteshahichi Nandi
* Swatantraya Chalvalichi Vichardhara
* Communist Paksachey Antrang
* Samajwad Kaal, Aaj Vva Udya
* Chaukhamba Rajya
* Rashtrapita
* Doctor Ambedkar – Ek Chintan
* Pech Rajakaranatale
* Atmakatha
{{div col end}}

==Legacy==
He was responsible for personally grooming many of the names that dominate Bihar politics today, including [[Laloo Prasad Yadav]] and [[Sharad Yadav]]. The library of Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow (RMLNLU), the Madhu Limaye Library, is named after him. A street in [[Chanakyapuri]], New Delhi is named in his honour.

== Goa Liberation movement ==

He participated in the [[Goa liberation movement]] and was imprisoned in 1955. He wrote a book by name of 'Goa Liberation Movement and Madhu Limaye' as a prison diary. The book was published in 1996 on occasion of golden jubilee of the launch of the movement in 1946.<ref>{{cite book|title=Goa Liberation Movement and Madhu Limaye |author=Champa Limaye |year=1996 |publisher=BR Publishing Corporation |isbn=9788170189008}}</ref>

==Madhu Limaye Elocution Competition==
To commemorate his contribution to the parliamentary debate, every year Madhu Limaye inter-Collegiate Elocution Competition is organised in Kirti College on his death anniversary i.e. on 8 January. The competition is funded by “Madhu Limaye Smriti Nyas’ a trust formed by Late Smt. Champatai Limaye and is organised every year by '''Elocution and Debating Association''' of Kirti college, (Dadar West). The main purpose of this event is to make the college going students think and brood over the contemporary topics and current issues, which may not come in the realm of their textbooks. Madhu Limaye Memorial Rolling Trophy is awarded to the winning college. The competition is now exerting a favourable influence on student community. Kirti college has organised this competition relentlessly since last nine years. The purpose of this competition is to find out the truth about the chosen topic and vivisect the burning issue from all possible angles. The Coordinator of this elocution competition opines that the purpose of an elocution competition is to find out the truth about the chosen topic and vivisect the burning issue from all possible angles. It is certainly not intended merely for amusement of the audience, although it may add to the interest of the listeners to enliven the proceedings and sustain their interest in an otherwise serious subject. Students from degree college are eligible to participate in this competition. {{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

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Sohan Lal Dwivedi

2021-12-23T17:30:53Z

2405:201:6814:58CF:D9B8:AA05:D462:2CAB:

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
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{{Infobox person
| name = Sohan Lal Dwivedi
| image =
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| birth_date = 22 February 1906
| birth_place = [[Bindki]], [[Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh|Fatehpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| death_date = 1 March 1988
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| othername =
| occupation = Poet, freedom fighter
| yearsactive =
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| spouse =
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| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
}}

'''Sohan Lal Dwivedi''' (22 February 1906 – 1 March 1988) was an Indian poet,<ref name="Cusat">{{cite thesis | url=http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/handle/purl/1286 | title=Cusat | publisher=Cochin University of Science and Technology | date=1988 | accessdate=22 May 2015| last1=S | first1=Jalaja | last2=Nair | first2=N. }}</ref> [[Gandhian]] and freedom fighter,<ref name="TOI">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/No-one-to-hoist-name-of-flag-song-writer/articleshow/40036432.cms | title=TOI | publisher=Times of India | date=11 August 2014 | accessdate=22 May 2015}}</ref> known for his patriotic poems such as ''Tumhe Naman'', a poem on [[Mahatma Gandhi]], ''Ali Racho Chand'', ''Khadi Geet'', ''Giriraj'', ''Nayanon ki Resham Dori se'', ''Mathrubhumi'', ''Prakriti Sandesh'', ''Jay Rashtra Nishan'', ''Re Man'', ''Vandana'' and ''Himalay''.<ref name="Tumhe Naman">{{cite web | url=http://geeta-kavita.com/hindi_sahitya.asp?id=173 | title=Tumhe Naman | publisher=Geeta Kavita | date=2015 | accessdate=22 May 2015}}</ref> Born on 22 February 1906 at [[Bindki]], a small town in [[Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh|Fatehpur]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], he secured a master's degree (MA) in Hindi and did higher studies in Sanskrit.
<ref name="Anubhuti"/> He published several anthologies<ref name="Geeta Kavita list">{{cite web | url=http://www.geeta-kavita.com/indian_poetry_list.asp?author=Sohanlal_Dwivedi | title=Geeta Kavita list | publisher=Geeta Kavita | date=2015 | accessdate=22 May 2015}}</ref> like ''Bhairavi'', ''Pooja Geet'', ''Prabhati'', ''Yugadhar'', ''Kunal'', ''Chetna'' and ''Basuri''.<ref name="Anubhuti">{{cite web | url=http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/gauravgram/sld/ | title=Anubhuti | publisher=Anubhuti | date=2015 | accessdate=22 May 2015}}</ref> ''Hum Balveer''<ref name="Hum Balveer">{{cite book | title=Hum Balveer | publisher=Rajpal and Sons | author=Sohan Lal Dwivedi | isbn=978-8170286196}}</ref> and ''Andheri Raath''<ref name="Andheri Nagri">{{cite book | title=Andheri Nagri | publisher=Rajpal and Sons | author=Sohan Lal Dwivedi | year=2011 | isbn=978-8170286202}}</ref> are two of his other notable works.

He was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and in the following lines he described Gandhiji's popularity.
चल पड़े जिधर दो डगमग में, चल पड़े कोटि पग उसी ओर।

Dwivedi died in [[Kanpur]] on 1 March 1988 at the age of 82. Considered as a national poet,<ref name="Anubhuti" /> he was honoured by the [[Government of India]] in 1970 with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest Indian civilian award.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Shri | publisher=Padma Shri | date=2015 | accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref>

Presently his granddaughter Ms. Akanksha Dwivedi <ref>https://www.facebook.com/PoetAkanskha/</ref> working to promote his literature through social media and kavi sammelan.

==See also==
{{portal|India|Literature}}
* [[Indian freedom movement]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.drrajendrasinghvi.blogspot.in/2012/02/blog-post_10.html | title=Poems of Sohal Lal Dwivedi - A Nationalistic Perspective | work=Rajendra Singhvi | accessdate=22 May 2015 | author=Rajendra Singhvi}}
* {{cite journal | url=http://www.deshbandhu.co.in/newsdetail/2529/3/0#.VV7_o_mSxAA | title=Gandhi in Sohan Lal Dwivedi's Poems | author=Paramanand Panchal | journal=Deshbandhu |date=October 2010 }}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dwivedi, Sohan Lal}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:Gandhians]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]

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Madhu Limaye

Sohan Lal Dwivedi