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Jan Morcha

2021-08-28T02:34:30Z

2403:3800:3217:6D10:8103:840F:6759:A862:

{{for|the newspaper|Jan Morcha (newspaper)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Jan Morcha
|colorcode = {{Jan Morcha/meta/color}}
|foundation = 1987
|founder = [[V. P. Singh]]
|split=[[Indian National Congress]]
|merged=[[Janata Dal]]
|abbreviation=
}}

[[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[V. P. Singh]], founder of the Jan Morcha and Prime Minister of India in 1989–90]]
The '''Jan Morcha''' ([[translation]]: ''People's Front'') was an Indian political party founded by [[V. P. Singh]] after he left the [[Indian National Congress]] party in 1987 upon being dismissed as Defence Minister by Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]]. Together with [[Arun Nehru]], [[Arif Mohammed Khan]], [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]], [[Vidya Charan Shukla]], [[Ram Dhan]], [[Raj Kumar Rai]] and [[Satyapal Malik]], Singh formed a nucleus of opposition to the Rajiv Gandhi government that had a commanding majority in the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>"Congress Decline and Party Pluralism in India", by C. Candland, ''Journal of International Affairs'', 1997.</ref>

Following the increasing visibility of his stand against corruption in public life and his growing popularity, the social-democratic parties like the [[Janata Party]], [[Lok Dal]] and [[Indian National Congress (Socialist)|Congress (S)]] – many of them survivors of the original Janata Party of 1977 – came together and merged with the Jan Morcha to form the [[Janata Dal]] to fight the [[1989 Indian general election|1989 general elections]]. In which, the [[National Front (India)|National Front]], together with the Leftist parties and Rightist parties opposed to the Congress gained a plurality of seats. Subsequently V. P. Singh served as Prime Minister for eleven months.

Following the Janata Dal's time in power and its subsequent split and decline, V. P. Singh, after surviving a battle with cancer, re-formed the Jan Morcha in 2005 with socialist actor-politician [[Raj Babbar]] as its public face.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060424/nation.htm The Tribune]</ref> In the [[2007 Uttar Pradesh state assembly elections]], the party fielded 118 candidates, but other than [[Dharmpal Singh]], who won from [[Dayalbagh]], defeating Kishan Lal Baghel of the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] by three thousand votes (1.7%), no other candidate was successful.<ref>
[http://archive.eci.gov.in/May2007/pollupd/ac/candlwc/s24/s24jmacnst.htm#s24 List of Contestants of Jan Morcha] Election Commission website.</ref> After this poor showing, Babbar joined the Congress, and Singh's elder son [[Ajeya Pratap Singh]] took over the reins of the party in anticipation of the 2009 general elections.<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2008112854871400.htm&date=2008/11/28/&prd=th& An irreparable loss: Mayawati] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202035249/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2008112854871400.htm&date=2008%2F11%2F28%2F&prd=th& |date=2008-12-02 }}</ref>

In March 2009 Ajeya Singh announced that Jan Morcha was to be merged with the [[Lok Janshakti Party]] (LJP), of which he became a vice president and its Lok Sabha candidate from [[Fatehpur, Fatehpur|Fatehpur]] constituency.<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2009030760711200.htm&date=2009/03/07/&prd=th& Jan Morcha merges with LJP]</ref> However, later, [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] joined hands with the [[Samajwadi Party]] (SP) of [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] and the RJD of [[Laloo Prasad Yadav]], to form a ''Fourth front'', and Mulayam Singh declared that the LJP would not contest any seats in UP.<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2009032860951200.htm&date=2009/03/28/&prd=th& Corruption main poll issue: Mulayam]</ref> Ajeya Singh then contested as Jan Morcha candidate from Fatehpur, but lost to [[Rakesh Sachan]] of the SP. The Jan Morcha was renamed as the National Jan Morcha in June 2009 and dedicated to farmer's causes and to forging a third alternative in national politics.<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2009060550920900.htm&date=2009/06/05/&prd=th& National Jan Morcha plans farmers’ meet in Delhi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624012827/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2009060550920900.htm&date=2009%2F06%2F05%2F&prd=th& |date=2009-06-24 }}</ref> A month later, the Jan Morcha merged with the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200907251822.htm Jan Morcha merges with Congress]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Janata Parivar parties}}

[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Political parties in India]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Janata Parivar]]
[[Category:Janata Dal]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1987]]

Samta Party

2021-08-28T02:19:44Z

2403:3800:3217:6D10:8103:840F:6759:A862:

{{other uses|Samata (disambiguation)}}
{{multiple issues|
{{disputed|date=June 2013}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2013}}
{{POV|date=July 2013}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}

{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| party_name = Samta Party
| colorcode = {{Samta Party/meta/color}}

| party_logo =
|founder = [[George Fernandes]] and [[Nitish Kumar]]
| chairman = [[Brahmanand Mandal]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hindi.oneindia.in/news/2008/02/20/200802231346100.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-06-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313152051/http://hindi.oneindia.in/news/2008/02/20/200802231346100.html |archive-date=13 March 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| foundation = 1994
|loksabha_leader =
|rajyasabha_leader =
|loksabha_seats = 0/543
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Infobox political party/seats|0|245|hex={{Samta Party/meta/color}}}}
| ideology = [[Socialism]]
| symbol = [[File:Samta Party.gif|center|75px]]
|eci=State Party|split=[[Janata Dal]]|abbreviation=SAP|leader=N.A.Khoan }}
The '''Samta Party''' (SAP) is a [[political party]] in [[India]], initially formed in 1994 by [[George Fernandes]] and [[Nitish Kumar]]. It was an offshoot of the [[Janata Dal]], with the alleged [[caste]]ism of the parent party being the reason given for the split.<ref>{{cite web | title=Samata Party | url=http://www.indian-elections.com/partyprofiles/samta-party.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040601221604/http://www.indian-elections.com/partyprofiles/samta-party.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=2004-06-01 | publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref> The party has [[socialist]] leanings, and at one point wielded considerable [[Politics|political]] and [[social]] influence in [[North India]], particularly in [[Bihar]]. In 2003, the bulk of the party merged with the [[Janata Dal (United)]], but a small breakaway [[Political faction|faction]] led by [[Brahmanand Mandal]], and [[Raghunath Jha]] continues to function under the name of the Samta Party.

Later [[Raghunath Jha]] quit the Samta Party and joined other parties. [[Brahmanand Mandal]] is the [[President (corporate title)|President]] of the Samta Party, Kumari Nambi is the Vice President, N.A.Khoan is the Chief General Secretary and Uday Mandal is the General Secretary. http://www.samataparty.com/?i=1]

==History==
In the [[1996 Indian general election|general elections]] of 1996, the Samta Party formed an alliance with the [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] and won eight seats, six of which were in [[Bihar]] and one each in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Odisha]]. Before the election, the party was largely rooted only in Bihar. In the [[1998 Indian general election|1998 general elections]], again in alliance with [[Bharatiya Janta Party]], it won twelve seats, ten from [[Bihar]] and two from [[Uttar Pradesh]].

In March 2000, [[Nitish Kumar]] was elected leader of the NDA for [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] post. On 3 March, he, sworn in as the [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] for the first time at the behest of the Vajpayee Government in the center. NDA and allies had 151 MLA whereas [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] had 159 MLA in the 324-member house. Both alliances were less than the majority mark, 163. Nithish resigned because he could not prove his numbers in the house.<ref>[https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/march-2000-when-nitish-quit-as-cm-before-floor-test-779422.html March 2000: When Nitish quit as CM, before floor test]</ref><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20000320-nitish-kumars-government-in-bihar-not-outvoted-as-much-as-outmanoeuvred-by-laloo-yadav-777236-2000-03-20 outvoted as much as outmanoeuvred by Laloo Yadav]</ref>

[[Radhabinod Koijam]] became the second chief minister from Samta Party when was sworn in as [[Chief Minister of Manipur]] on 15 February 2001.<ref>[http://in.rediff.com/news/2001/feb/15mani1.htm rediff.com: Radhabinod Koijam is new Manipur CM]</ref> The government was however, short-lived. The coalition he was leading fell in May the same year.<ref>[http://www.himalmag.com/september2001/report.html Himal South Asian-August-2000] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407212128/http://www.himalmag.com/september2001/report.html |date=7 April 2008 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010602/edit.htm The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Editorial]</ref>

==Merger with Janata Dal (United)==

===Merger===

A faction led by then [[List of Chief Ministers of Karnataka|Chief Minister of Karnataka]] [[J. H. Patel]] had lent support to the [[National Democratic Alliance]], leading to the split in the [[Janata Dal]] leading to the formation of [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] under [[H. D. Deve Gowda]], who wanted to remain equidistant from both national parties; and Janata Dal under [[Sharad Yadav]] was called Janata Dal (United).<ref>[https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jan/06jdu.htm Samata Party breaks away from JD (U)]</ref>

The [[Janata Dal (United)]] was formed with the merger of the [[Sharad Yadav]] faction of the [[Janata Dal]], the [[Lok Shakti]] and the [[Samata Party]].

In October 2003, George Fernandes, the president of the party, announced that the party would be merging with the [[Janata Dal (United)]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Fernandes to head Janata Dal (United) | url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2003/10/31/stories/2003103104371100.htm | author=Gargi Parsai | date=31 October 2003 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204034133/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2003/10/31/stories/2003103104371100.htm | archive-date=4 February 2012 | work=[[The Hindu]] | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The Janata Dal (United) was part of the ruling coalition in the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]].

==Ideology==
The party follows the socialist ideology, in particular that of [[Ram Manohar Lohia]].<ref name=SP1>{{cite web|title=Samata Party|url=http://samataparty.com/|publisher=Samata Party|access-date=8 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617054409/http://samataparty.com/|archive-date=17 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==In politics==
In the [[2009 Indian general election|2009 general elections]] for the 14th [[Lok Sabha]] (2009-2014), it had contested in 11 seats and was defeated in all of them. It had secured a total of 31324 votes which was only 0.02 percent of the total number of votes cast in that state.<ref>{{cite web|title=PERFORMANCE OF GENERAL ELECTIONS - INDIA, 2009 - REGISTERED (UNRECOGNISED) PARTIES & INDEPENDENTS|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/14_PerformanceOfRegistered_UnRecognisedParties.pdf|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|year=2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926021554/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/14_PerformanceOfRegistered_UnRecognisedParties.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> For the Lok Sabha elections of 2014, the Samata Party decided to forgo any alliance, stating that it would not ally with the Congress at any cost.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-10237767.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-06-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214024456/http://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-10237767.html |archive-date=14 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
[[File:Uday Mandal.jpg|thumb|150px|A rally organised by Samata Party in [[Patna]] under its National General Secretary, Uday Mandal.]]

==Electoral Performances==

=== Lok Sabha (Lower House) ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#00f;"
! Lok Sabha Term
! Indian General Election
! Seats contested
! Seats won
! % of votes
! % of votes in seats contested
|-
| [[11th Lok Sabha]]
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| 81
| 8
| 72,56,086
| 2.2%
|-
| [[12th Lok Sabha]]
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| 57
| 12
| 64,91,639
| 1.8%
|-
| [[14th Lok Sabha]]
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| 40
| 0
| 2,01,276
| 0.1%
|-
| [[15th Lok Sabha]]
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| 11
| 0
|
| 0.0%
|-
| [[16th Lok Sabha]]
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| 10
| 0
|
| 0.0%
|-
|}

=== Vidhan Sabha (Lower House) ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#00f;"
! Vidhan Sabha Term
! State
! elections
! Seats contested
! Seats won
! % of votes
! Party Votes
|-
| 11th Assembly
| Bihar
| 1995
| 310
| 7
| 24,40,275
| 7.1%
|-
| 12th Assembly
| Bihar
| 2000
| 120
| 34
| 32,05,746
| 8.7%
|-
| 7th Assembly
| Manipur
| 1995
| 23
| 2
| 70,887
| 6.2%
|-
| 8th Assembly
| Manipur
| 2000
| 36
| 1
| 84,215
| 6.7%
|-
| 9th Assembly
| Manipur
| 2005
| 31
| 3
| 1,09,912
| 8.3%
|-
|
| Nagaland
| 2003
| 4
| 1
| 10,456
| 1.2%
|-
|}

== List of Chief Ministers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No
! Name {{small|Constituency}}
! colspan=2| Term of office
! Tenure length
! Party
! State
! Assembly
|-
| 1
| [[Nitish Kumar]]
| 3 March 2000
| 10 March 2000
| {{age in years and days|2000|03|03|2000|03|10}}
| style="background-color:{{Samata Party/meta/color}}" | Samta Party
| [[Bihar]]
| [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|12th Assembly]]
|-
| 2
| [[Radhabinod Koijam]]
| 15 February 2001
| 1 June 2001
| {{age in years and days|2001|02|15|2001|06|01}}
| style="background-color:{{Samata Party/meta/color}}" | Samta Party
| [[Manipur]]
| [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|8th Assembly]]
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of political parties in India]]

==References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=122 George Fernandes' profile]

{{Janata Parivar parties}}

[[Category:Samta Party| ]]
[[Category:Political parties in India]]
[[Category:Socialist parties in India]]
[[Category:Janata Parivar]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1994]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Janata Dal]]