Madhyamavati

2022-05-25T14:03:43Z

2402:E280:2183:D5:F4D4:126A:5BD3:4337: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

{{short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Madhyamavati
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = S R2 M1 P N2 S
| avarohanam = S N2 P M1 R2 S
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Madhyamavati''' (madhyamāvati) is a [[rāga]] in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāga (or ''owdava'' rāga, meaning pentatonic scale), as it does not have all the seven musical notes (''[[swara]]s''). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāga (derived scale). The equivalent of ''Madhyamavati'' in [[Hindustani music]] is ''Madhumad Sarang''.<ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rao|first=B. Subba|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b9kHAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Madhyamavati%22+-wikipedia|title=Bharatiya Sangeet: Raga Nidhi: Encyclopedia of Indian Ragas, a Comparative Study of Hindustani & Karnatak Ragas|date=1956|publisher=V. Patwardhan, Chairman, Vishnu Digambar Smarak Samiti|language=en}}</ref> It also has other equivalents in Hindustani music such as ragas [[Megh (raga)|Megh]] and [[Megh Malhar]].

It is considered a very auspicious rāgam and every Carnatic music concert ends with either a song in ''Madhyamavati'' or the ending of the last song is sung in this rāgam.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> It is very suitable for elaboration and exploration due to even spacing of notes. The scale uses the first three notes of the [[Circle of fifths|cycle of fifths]] ''S, P and R2'' and fourths ''S, M1 and N2''.<ref name="ragas" />

==Structure and Lakshana==
''Madhyamavati'' is a symmetric rāga that does not contain ''gāndhāram'' or ''dhaivatam''. It is a pentatonic scale (''audava-audava'' rāgam<ref name="raganidhi" /><ref name="ragas" /> in Carnatic music classification - audava meaning 'of 5'). Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):

*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R2|M1|P|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|P|M1|R2|S|foot=yes}}

This scale uses the notes {{transl|ta|chatushruti rishabham, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam}} and {{transl|ta|kaisiki nishadam}}. ''Madhyamavati'' is considered a ''janya'' rāga of ''[[Kharaharapriya]]'', the 22nd [[Melakarta]] rāga, though it can be derived from other melakarta rāgas, ''[[Charukesi]]'', ''[[Natabhairavi]]'' or ''[[Harikambhoji]]'', by dropping both ''gāndhāram'' and ''dhaivatam''.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

== Popular compositions ==
''Madhyamavati'' rāgam lends itself for extensive elaboration and exploration and has many compositions. Here are some popular ''[[Kriti (music)|kritis]]'' composed in this scale.
* Muruga enadharuyire varnam by periyasamitooran

*''Bhagyada Lakshmi Baaramma'' by [[Purandara Dasaru]] in [[Kannada]] (originally composed in [[Shree (Carnatic raga)|Shree ragam]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://karnatik.com/c1146.shtml|title = Carnatic Songs - bhAgyada laksmI bArammA}}</ref>
*''Eshtu Sahasavantha'', ''Sevakanelo naanu'', By [[Vadiraja Tirtha]]
*''Baro Guru Raghavendra'' By Shreesha Vittala Dasaru
*''Edurarai Guruve'' By [[Vyasatirtha]]
*''Marulu madikonde'', ''Makutake Mangalam'', ''Ellanu balle'', ''Indu Nanenu Sukrutava'', ''Enu Pelali Thangi'', ''Shiva Darushana'' By [[Purandara Dasa]]
*''Tolu Tolu Ranga'', An evergreen song by [[Purandara Dasa]] commonly sung in [[Madhyamavathi]]
* Ninna Olumeinda, Vyasa Badari Nivasa By [[Vijaya Dasa]]
* Dasanagu Visheshanagu By [[Kanaka Dasa]]
*''Nyayiru Kayathu'', Ancient Tamil [[Kuṟuntokai]] poetry by Poet Kayamanar in [[Sandham- Symphony Meets Classical Tamil]] by [[Rajan Somasundaram|Composer Rajan]]
*''Alakalalla'', ''Nadupai'' and ''Muchchada brahma'' and ''Rama Katha Sudha'' by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Dharmasamvardhinim'', ''mahatripurasundari mamava jagadishvari'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] in [[Sanskrit]]
*''Palinchu kamakshi'' by [[Shyama Sastri]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*''Kosalendra mamavamita'', ''Bhavaye Padmanabham Iha'', ''Sarasamukha sarasijanabha'' by [[Swathi Thirunal]]
*''Ramabhirama'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]] in [[Sanskrit]]
*''Sri Ramani Jaya Tribhuvana'' By Guru Mahipati Dasa
*''Sharavanabhava Guhane'' and ''Karpagame Kan'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
*''Akhilanda Nayaka'' by [[R. Ramachandran Nair|Thulasivanam]] in [[Sanskrit]]
*''Sri Chamundeswarim Bhajeham Santatam'' by [[Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar]] in [[Sanskrit]]
*''Vidachi sukhimpave'' and '' Devi parvati'' by Saint Gnanananda Teertha (Ogirala Veera Raghava Sarma) in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*''Shankari ShrI Rajarajeshvari'', ''Aadaadhu Ashangaadhu vaa'' by [[Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
*''Marali Marali Jayamangalam'', ''Adivo Alladivo'', ''Choodaramma Satulala'', ''Alara Chanchala'' by [[Annamacharya]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*''Santoshi Mata'' by [[Kalyani Varadarajan]]
*''Shri Parameshwaram Chinmaya tava'', ''Shri Rama Jaya Bhuma'', ''Shrimat Tripurasundari Amba'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
*''Bhajamahe Shri Tripurasundari'' by Hari Sundareswara Sharma in [[Sanskrit]]
*''Vinayakuni''
* [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ATpdRfzNHHs&feature=youtu.be Madhyamvathi] (instrumental bansuri) by one of the mediators in Isha yoga center.
* Radha vadhana an ashtapati by jeyadeva

== Film songs ==
=== Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#FF1493" |Song
!style="background:#FF1493" |Movie
!style="background:#FF1493" |Composer
!style="background:#FF1493" |Singer
|-
|Arbutha Leelaigalai
|[[Sivagami]]
|rowspan=3|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
|Engiruntho Vanthan
|[[Padikkadha Medhai]]
|[[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]]
|-
|Thirumal Perumaikku
(Ragamalika)
|[[Thirumal Perumai]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Malarodu Vilaiyaadum
|[[Deiva Balam]]
|Aswathama
|[[P. B. Srinivas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Muthukkalo Kangal
|[[Nenjirukkum Varai (1967 film)|Nenjirukkum Varai]]
| rowspan="5" |[[M.S.Viswanathan]]
| rowspan="4" |[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Pachaikili Muthucharam
|[[Ulagam Sutrum Valiban]]
|-
|Velale Vizhigal
|[[Ennai Pol Oruvan]]
|-
|Sandhanathil Nala Vaasam
|[[Praptham]]
|-
|Kana Kaanum
|[[Agni Sakshi (1982 film)|Agni Sakshi]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Saritha]]
|-
|Aagaya Gangai
|[[Dharma Yuddham]]
| rowspan="20" |[[Illayaraja]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Anandham Then Sindhum
|[[Mann Vasanai]]
|-
|Nila Kayuthu
(Sri Ragam traces too)
|[[Sakalakala Vallavan (1982 film)|Sakalakala Vallavan]]
|-
|Adi Penney
|[[Mullum Malarum]]
|[[Jency Anthony]]
|-
|Dhagam Edukira Neram
|[[Enakkaga Kaathiru]]
|[[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
|En Kalyana
|[[Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren]]
|[[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Solaikuyile
|Ponnu Oorukku Pudhusu
|[[S. P. Sailaja]]
|-
|Eeramana Rojave
|[[Ilamai Kaalangal]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]](little girl's voice)
|-
|Thazham Poovae Vaasam
|[[Kai Kodukkum Kai]]
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Oh Maanae Maana
|[[Vellai Roja]]
|-
|Sevvanthi pookalil
|[[Mella Pesungal]]
|[[Deepan Chakravarthy]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
|Kuyile Kuyile
|[[Aan Paavam]]
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Ejamaan Kaladi
|[[Ejamaan]]
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
|-
|Azhagaana Mancha Pura
|[[Ellame En Rasathan]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Nee Thane Enthan
|[[Ninaivellam Nithya]]
| rowspan="4" |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Thulli Thulli
|[[Sippikkul Muthu]]
|-
|Kavithai Paadu
|[[Thendrale Ennai Thodu]]
|-
|Thanga Nilavukkul
|[[Rickshaw Mama]]
|-
|Ponmeni Uruguthey
|[[Moondram Pirai]]
|rowspan=4|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Adi Aadivarum Pallaakku
|[[I Love India]]
|-
|Kadhal Vennila
|[[Lakshmi Vandhachu]]
|[[Ravindran]]
|-
|Siraiyinil Veenai
|[[Kaalaiyum Neeye Maalaiyum Neeye]]
|[[Devendran]]
|-
|Pon Vaniley
|Koocham
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Ennadi Muniyamma
|Vaanga Mappillai Vaanga
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|[[T. K. S. Natarajan]]
|-
|Tholvi Nilayenna
|[[Oomai Vizhigal]]
|rowspan=2|[[Manoj–Gyan]]
|[[P. B. Srinivas]], [[Aabavanan]]
|-
|Jalakku Jalakku
|[[Endrendrum Kadhal]]
|[[Sujatha Mohan]], [[S. N. Surendar]]
|-
|Thom Karuvil Irundom
|[[Star (2001 film)|Star]]
| rowspan="6" |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
|Columbus
|[[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|[[Chaiyya Chaiyya|Thaiyya Thaiyya]]
|[[Dil Se..|Uyire]]
|[[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Malgudi Subha]], Palakkad Sriram
|-
|Alangatti Mazhai
|[[Thenali]]
|[[Kamal Haasan]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Sujatha Mohan]], Baby Silono Rath & Baby Sharanya Srinivas
|-
| ''Vaan Varuvaan''
| [[Kaatru Veliyidai]]
|[[Shashaa Tirupati]]
|-
|Thumbi Thullal
(Abheri traces also)
|[[Cobra (upcoming film)|Cobra]]
|[[Nakul Abhyankar]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|Anandham Anandham
|[[Murai Maman]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[P. Unni Krishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
|-
|Aiyyarettu
|[[Majaa]]
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
| Vaadi Vaadi Naattu Katta
| [[Alli Thandha Vaanam]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Edhedho Karpanai
|[[Vaai Kozhuppu]]
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|TL Thyagarajan, Lalitha Sagari
|-
|Vizhamale Irukka Mudiyuma
|[[Student Number 1]]
|[[M. M. Keeravaani]]
|[[S. P. B. Charan]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Aadiyile Sedhi
|[[En Aasai Machan]]
|rowspan=5|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Mamarakkuyile Maamarakuyile
|[[En Aasai Rasave]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
| Semeena Vinmeena
|[[Anantha Poongatre]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
|Uthu Uthu Paakathinga
|[[Veeram Vilanja Mannu]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Athipazham Sivappa
|[[Raja Pandi]]
|rowspan=3|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Paathi Nila
|[[Kamarasu]]
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|-
|Va Va Vanam Ingu Thooramillai
|[[Minor Mappillai]]
|Isaivanan
|-
|Kaatrukku Kaatrukku
|[[Thulluvadho Ilamai]]
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|[[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Febi Mani]], Sunder Rajan
|-
|Chembaruthi Poo
|[[Vinnukum Mannukum]]
|rowspan=3|[[Sirpy]]
|[[Arunmozhi]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Chinna Chinna Idangalai
|[[Chinna Madam]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Ragasiyamanthu Kadhal
|[[Kodambakkam (film)|Kodambakkam]]
|[[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
|Yetho Yetho
|[[Thullura Vayasu]]
|[[Karthik Raja]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] (Male vers), [[Sujatha Mohan]] (Female Vers)
|-
|Kannum Kannum
|[[Sundhara Travels]]
|[[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]]
|Krishnaraj
|-
|Kangal Neeye
|[[Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal]]
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|[[Sithara (singer)|Sithara]]
|-
|Siragi Un Sirippaala
|[[Mehandi Circus]]
|[[Sean Roldan]]
|Sathyaprakash, Lalitha Sudha
|-
|Vaayadi Petha Pulla
|[[Kanaa (film)|Kanaa]]
|[[Dhibu Ninan Thomas]]
|Aaradhana Sivakarthikeyan, [[Vaikom Vijayalakshmi]], [[Sivakarthikeyan]]
|-
|Saami Saami
|[[Pushpa: The Rise]]
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|Rajalakshmi Senthiganesh
|}

=== Language:[[Kannada]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Nammora Mandara Hoove
|[[Aalemane]]
|[[C. Aswath|C. Ashwath]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam discography|S. P. Balasubramanyam]]
|-
|Hrudayave Ninna
|[[Belli Modagalu]]
|[[Upendra Kumar]]
|[[S. Janaki]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
|Kodagana Koli Nungitha
|[[Santha Shishunala Sharifa|Santa Shishunala Sharifa]]
|[[C. Aswath|C. Ashwath]]
|[[C. Aswath|C. Ashwath]]
|-
|Sakala Karya Karanige
|''Malaya Marutha''
|K.J. Yesudas
|Vijaya Narasimha
|}

=== Language:[[Telugu language|Telugu]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Kashmiru Loyalo Kanya kumarailo O Chandamama
|[[Pasivadi Pranam]]
|[[K. Chakravarthy]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam|S. P. Balasubramanyam]]

|-
|Manasu Aagadhu Vayasu Thaggadhu
|[[Bangaru Bullodu]]
|[[Raj–Koti]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam|S. P. Balasubramanyam]]

|-
|Swati lo Mutyamanta muddula
|[[Bangaru Bullodu]]
|[[Raj–Koti]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam|S. P. Balasubramanyam]]

|-
|Vastaadu naa raju ee roju
|[[Alluri Seetarama Raju]]
|[[P Adinarayana Rao|P. Adinarayana Rao]]
|[[P. Suseela]]

|}

== Non-film songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Language
!Album
!Composer
!Lyricist
!Singer
!Audio Label
|-
|Nagendra Haraya
|[[Sanskrit]]
|Shiva Stotram
|Mahesh Mahadev
|[[Adi Shankara]]charya
|Mahesh Mahadev, [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]
|PM Audios
|-
|Paliso Sri Hari enna ne Paliso
|[[Kannada]]
|Dasamruta
|Mahesh Mahadev
|Harapanahalli Bhimavva
|Mahesh Mahadev, [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]
|PM Audios
|}

== Related rāgas ==
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

=== ''Graha bhedam'' ===
''Madhyamavati's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 4 other major pentatonic rāgas, namely, ''[[Mohanam]]'', ''[[Hindolam]]'', ''[[Shuddha Saveri]]'' and ''[[Udayaravichandrika]]'' (also known as ''Shuddha Dhanyasi'').<ref name="ragas" /> ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāga. For more details and illustration of this concept refer ''[[Graha bhedam#Mohanam|Graha bhedam on Mohanam]]''.

=== Scale similarities ===
*''[[Kedaragaula]]'' is a rāgam\ which has the ascending scale of ''Madhyamavati'' and descending scale of ''Harikambhoji''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is {{svaraC|S|R2|M1|P|N2|S}}: {{svaraC|S|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S'}}
*''Manirangu'' is a rāga which has ''gāndhāram'' in the descending scale, while all other notes in both the ascending and descending scale are same as ''Madhyamavati''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is {{svaraC|S'|R2|M1|P|N2|S}}: {{svaraC|S|N2|P|M1|G2|R2|S'}}
*''[[Revati]]'' is a rāga which has ''shuddha rishabham'' in place of ''chatushruti rishabham'' in the scale, while all other notes are same as ''Madhyamavati''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is {{svaraC|S'|R1|M1|P|N2|S}}: {{svaraC|S|N2|P|M1|R1|S'}}
*''Brindāvana Sāranga'' is also a rāga that has some similarities in scale with ''Madhyamavati''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is {{svaraC|S'|R2|M1|P|N3|S}}: {{svaraC|S|N2|P|M1|R2|G2|S'}}
*''[[Andolika]]'' is an asymmetric rāga which has ''chatusruti dhaivata'' in place of ''panchama'' only in the descending scale, while all other notes are same as ''Madhyamavati''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is {{svaraC|S'|R2|M1|P|N2|S}}: {{svaraC|S|N2|D2|M1|R2|S}}

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
<references/>

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya}}

[[Category:Janya ragas]]
[[Category:Janya ragas (kharaharapriya)]]

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Madhyamavati