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Hathras

2021-07-04T01:41:29Z

2402:8100:224A:933:4C92:F31F:EE7:6B82:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2019}}


{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hathras
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|27.60|N|78.05|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hathras district|Hathras]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 6 May 1997
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Democratic
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 142
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 178
| population_total = 160909
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/India-UttarPradesh.html|title=Uttar Pradesh (India): State, Major Agglomerations & Cities – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|website=citypopulation.de|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 1133
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 204101
| area_code = 05722
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = UP-86
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 870 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = {{URL|hathras.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
}}

'''Hathras''' is a city and a [[municipal board]] in the [[Hathras district]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. Hathras was State of Thenua [[Jat]]s. The district was formed on 3 May 1997 by merging parts of [[Aligarh]], [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]], [[Agra]]. It represents a part of the [[Aligarh]] Division.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/akhilesh-renames-eight-districts/article3676628.ece|title=Akhilesh renames eight districts|date=24 July 2012|access-date=6 January 2019|website=Thehindu.com}}</ref>
[[File:Hathras temple.jpg|thumb|A temple in Hathras]]

The primary spoken language is a dialect of [[Hindi]], [[Braj Bhasha]], which is closely related to [[Khariboli]], one of, several dialects spoken in the [[Delhi]] region.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Scott|first1=Jerrie Cobb|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JleOAgAAQBAJ&q=what+language+is+spoken+in+hathras&pg=PA363|title=Affirming Students' Right to Their Own Language: Bridging Language Policies and Pedagogical Practices|last2=Straker|first2=Dolores Y.|last3=Katz|first3=Laurie|date=2009-06-02|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-26945-6|language=en}}</ref> Famous for [[asafoetida]] (aka hing), Hathras is the large scale producer of it for the last 100 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Website of One District One Product Uttar Pradesh / Hathras|url=http://odopup.in/en/article/hathras|access-date=2020-07-31|website=odopup.in}}</ref>

== Administration ==
Hathras is a district headquarter with three subdivisions - Hathras, [[Sikandra Rao]], and [[Sadabad, India|Sadabad]]. It is a [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituency]] under the reserved category of [[Schedule Caste]]. The district has three assembly constituencies, following three subdivisions. The Hathras district, formerly known as Mahamaya Nagar, was created in 1997 with the incorporation of parts of the Aligarh, Mathura, and Agra districts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Administrative Setup {{!}} District Hathras, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://hathras.nic.in/administrative-setup/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref>

=== Local bodies ===
[[Hathras (Assembly constituency)|Hathras]] has nine local bodies:<ref>{{Cite web|title=LOCAL BODIES {{!}} District Hathras, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://hathras.nic.in/local-bodies/|access-date=2020-06-04|language=en-US}}</ref>

*[[Hathras district|Hathras]]
*[[Sikandra Rao|Sikandrarau]]
*[[Sasni]]
*[[Sadabad, India|Sadabad]]
*[[Mursan]]
*[[Hasayan]]
*[[Sahpau]]
*[[Mendu]]
*[[Purdilnagar|Purdil Nagar]]<ref>https://hathras.nic.in/local-bodies/</ref>

==Geography==
Hathras is located at {{Coord|27.6|N|78.05|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Hathras.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Hathras |website=Fallingrain.com |access-date=2012-06-23}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 185 metres (606 feet) and is situated on the Agra, Aligarh and Mathura, and [[Bareilly]] highway crossings. It is known for its extreme [[temperature]] variations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/hathras|title=Weather for Hathras, Uttar Pradesh, India|website=Timeanddate.com|access-date=6 January 2019}}</ref> As of the 2001 Indian census, Hathras had a population of 123,243. with a gender distribution is 53% male and 47% female. Hathras has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%, of which 66% being male and 53% being female. 14% of the population is under six years of age.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! City !! Distance from Hathras town !! Direction from Hathras town
|-
| [[Aligarh]] || 36 km || Towards the north
|-
| [[Mathura]] || 41 km || Towards the west
|-
| [[Khair]] || 46 km || Towards the northwest
|-
| [[Agra]] || 53.8 km || Towards the south
|}

The nearest railway station is the Hathras Junction Railway Station, located at 10 km from the center of Hathras.

== Climate ==
Hathras has a monsoon-influenced [[humid subtropical climate]], typical of north-central India. Summers start in April ending around May. The [[monsoon]] season starts in late June, continuing till early October, bringing high humidity.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hathras Monthly Climate Averages|url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/lang/en-in/hathras-weather/uttar-pradesh/in.aspx|access-date=2020-08-16|website=WorldWeatherOnline.com}}</ref>
{{Weather box
| single line = Yes
| Apr high C = 39.0
| Aug high C = 34.0
| Jul low C = 27.2
| Jul high C = 35.0
| Jun low C = 29.5
| Jun high C = 40.0
| May low C = 27.8
| May high C = 42.6
| Apr low C = 22.4
| Mar low C = 17.1
| location = Hathras
| Mar high C = 33.4
| Feb low C = 12.0
| Feb high C = 27.8
| Jan low C = 5.6
| Jan high C = 22.0
| year low C = 7.5
| year high C = 45.6
| source = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://www.dnaindia.com
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-weather-update-imd-predicts-thunderstorm-moderate-rainfall-in-delhi-noida-parts-of-up-2836912
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2019
| page = M210
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://www.timeanddate.com
| archive-date = 16 August 2020
| url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/hathras/climate
| title = Extremes of Temperature (From Jan 2020 to Aug 2020)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = 16 August 2020
| page = M210
| access-date = 16 August 2020}}</ref>
| Aug low C = 26.0
| Sep high C = 35.9
| Sep low C = 21.5
| Oct high C = 34.5
| Oct low C = 23.0
| Nov high C = 23.0
| Nov low C = 10.1
| Dec high C = 24.5
| Dec low C = 7.0
}}

==Transport==
Four railway stations serve Hathras: [[Hathras Junction railway station]], Hathras Road railway station,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hathras Road Railway Station (HTJ) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/hathras-road-htj-station|website=www.ndtv.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref> [[Hathras City railway station]], and [[Hathras Kila railway station]].
A new station on the dedicated Freight Corridor Line was named New Hathras.

Hathras is the only city in the area to have five railway stations named after it.

== History ==
Hathras became a district on 6 May 1997 with the merging of some [[Tehsil]]s of [[Aligarh]] and [[Mathura]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=About District {{!}} District Hathras, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://hathras.nic.in/about-district/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref> Hathras falls under the [[Braj]] region of [[North India|Northern India]] and is famous for its industrial, literary, and cultural activities as a part of Aligarh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Website of One District One Product Uttar Pradesh / Hathras|url=http://odopup.in/en/article/hathras|website=odopup.in|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref>

Historically and according to [[Puranas]], Hathras can be of the age of [[Mahabharata]]. Hathras was an industrial hub during the British Raj. It was known for its [[cotton mill]]s, [[asafoetida]] and [[desi ghee]] industries. The cotton milled here was exported around the world.

The Freedom Struggle started by Raja Dayaram ([[Jat]] King of Hathras during [[British Raj]]) continued until India became free in which many people of Hathras participated. It is famous for its industrial, literary, and cultural activities as a part of Aligarh.<ref>http://odopup.in/</ref>

==Place of Interest==
* [[Hathras Fort]]
*[[Teerthdham Mangalayatan Mandir]]

== Notable people ==


* [[Kaka Hathrasi]] (Poet)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://hathras.nic.in/ Hathras district profile]
* [https://hathras.nic.in/tourist-places/ Tourist Places at Hathras]

{{Geographic Location
|Centre = Hathras
|North = [[Aligarh]]
|Northeast = [[Kasganj]]
|East = [[Etah]]
|Southeast = [[Firozabad]]
|South = [[Agra]][Sadabad]
|Southwest = [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]],
|West = [[Mathura]], [[Vrindavan]]
|Northwest = [[Khair]]
}}

{{Hathras district}}
{{Aligarh division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Hathras district]]
[[Category:Hathras]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]

Kuchesar

2021-07-04T01:36:45Z

2402:8100:224A:933:4C92:F31F:EE7:6B82:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2018}}
'''Kuchesar''' is a [[Princely state]] of Dalal [[Jat people|Jat]]s in [[Bulandshahr]] district, state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], at a distance of 80 km from Delhi, off the [[NH 24]]. It was the seat of Jagirdari, or princely estate, during [[British Raj]].

Part of the [[Kuchesar Fort]], built 1734, became a heritage hotel in 1998, after its restoration by [[Neemrana Hotels]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ruins revisited: Forts and palaces get a fresh lease of life thanks to Aman Nath and Francis Wacziarg of Neemrana Hotels|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/29/stories/2004072900680300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210064550/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/29/stories/2004072900680300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 December 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 July 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = No royalty |work= Business Standard News | url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/no-royalty-111040900094_1.html |date=9 April 2011 | accessdate = 19 December 2015| first = Veenu | last = Sandhu }}</ref>

=={{anchor | Kuchesar State |State of Kuchesar | Kingdom of Kuchesar}} Kuchesar State ==

===Mughal era===
By 1790, Ramdhan Singh had recaptured all of Kuchesar estate; he had also acquired Pooth, Siana, Thana Farida, Datyane and Saidpur on Rs 40,000 annual Malguzari lease from the ruler of Delhi Shah Alam II.<ref name="balidan12">Sir Roper Lethbridge, 1893, [https://books.google.com/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC&pg=PA559&dq=nahar+singh+ballabhgarh&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwja_oyF3ojYAhUJrY8KHe4qDnwQ6AEIQDAF#v=onepage&q=nahar%20singh%20ballabhgarh&f=false The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary], p559.</ref> After 1782, Kuchesar mud-fort remained in unbroken possession of the family; it was granted to them in perpetual lease by the Mughal Emperor [[Shah Alam II]] in 1790, a grant confirmed by the [[British Raj|British]] in 1807.<ref name=balidan12/>

===British era===
The British formalised their authority over the area in 1803; they recognised the estate of Kuchesar and its estate-holders without alteration to the ''status quo''. Kuchesar State, which was obtained by Rao Randhan Singh Dalal as perpetual [[jagir]] from [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Shah Alam II]] (ruled 1759–1806) for an annual payment of Rs. 40,000, was later confirmed to him by British. Randhan Singh died in prison in Meerut in 1816, and his jagir was granted revenue-free by in perpetuity to his son Rao Fateh Singh by the [[British Raj]] Lord Moira in 1816.<ref name=balidan12/>

Rao Fateh Singh died in 1839 and his son Rao Bahadur Singh added to his estate. He wanted to leave his estate equally to his two sons, Gulab Singh and Umarao Singh, but Gulab Singh resented it and Umarao Singh was found murdered in his house in 1847.<ref name=balidan12/>

Gulab Singh inherited the estate for his services to British during [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. He had no sons, after he died in 1859 the estate was managed by his widow Rani Jaswant Kumari pending a settlement. Jaswant Kumari died quite soon afterwards, and was followed in these offices by Gulab Singh's only daughter, Bhup Kumari.<ref name=balidan12/>

Bhup Kumari died without a child in 1861 and her husband Kushal Singh laid claim to the estate. Kushal Singh was a nephew and adopted son of [[Nahar Singh|Raja Nahar Singh]] of [[Ballabhgarh]] State.<ref name=balidan12/> After Nahar's property was ceased by British and his estate was abolished for his participation in [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857 war of independence]], a political pension of Rs. 6,000 a year was settled upon, Nahar's heir-apparent adopted son and nephew, Kushal Singh. Kushal left Ballabhgarh for good and sought shelter with his wife's people at Kuchesar.<ref name=balidan13>Kailash Nath Katju, Valmiki Katju, Markanday Katju, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ml6cAAAAMAAJ Life and Times of Doctor Kailas Nath Katju], Page 222.</ref> In 1868, the Panchyat court divided the estate into three parts:<ref name=balidan12/>
* share of 6/16 to Umrao Singh, he later gave his daughter to Kushal Singh
* share of 5/16's to Pratap Singh,
* remaining share of 5/16 to Khusal Singh.

Umrao Singh married one of his daughters to Kushal Singh, who bore him a son Giriraj Singh. In 1898, Umrao Singh died and his grandson and Kushal Singh's son, Rao Giriraj Singh, inherited the portion held by him as well as the portion held by Kushal Singh.<ref name=balidan12/>

==={{anchor| Chronology of estate-holders | Kuchesar Kings | Kuchesar Raos | List of Kuchesar Kings | List of Kuchesar Raos }}Chronology of estate-holders===
The chronology of Kuchesar Jat estate-holders is as under:
* Kunwar Inderjit Singh (son of Rao Giriraj Singh from his first wife)
* Kunwar Sarjit Singh (Rao Giriraj Singh from his second wife)
* KunwarGurdyal Singh
* Kunwar Ajit Singh
* Anant Jeet Singh (son of KunwarAjit Singh)
* AnekJit Singh (son of KunwarAjit Singh

==See also==

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kuchesar+Fort,+Rao+Raj+Vilas/@28.6859746,77.9388682,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m8! Kuchesar] at [[Google Maps]]

==External links==
* [[Kuchesar Fort|http://kuchesarfort.com/]]
* [http://www.sellkr.com/kuchesarpromoters/ Kuchesar Promoters],

*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Kuchesar}}

{{coord|28|41|N|77|57|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}
*

[[Category:Quasi-princely estates of India]]
[[Category:Villages in Bulandshahr district]]
[[Category:History of Uttar Pradesh]]