List of districts in Tamil Nadu by Human Development Index

2021-09-25T17:37:50Z

2402:3A80:1945:F503:C2F1:AECB:8364:B63F: Missing Words

{{short description|Bharatpedia list article}}
[[File:Tamil Nadu HDI map (2017).png|alt=|thumb|320px|Map of the Tamil Nadu districts by HDI in 2017.]]
The average [[Human Development Index]] (HDI) for the state of Tamil Nadu in 1996 calculated by the government's [[Tamil Nadu Planning Commission|State Planning Commission]] was 0.636.<ref name=":3" /> By 2001, the average HDI for the state calculated by the State Planning Commission had risen to 0.657.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> The 2017 Human development Index was calculated by the state planning commission by the methodology of [[United Nations Development Programme|United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)]] was 0.708.<ref name="UNDP2018" /> While comparing with the 2003 data, the latest report has also shown that the two sets of reports are not strictly comparable. Besides, some districts in Tamil Nadu had seen separation in the last fourteen years.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kanniyakumari-tops-hdi-rankings/article18470625.ece|title=Kanniyakumari tops HDI rankings|last=Ramakrishnan|first=T.|date=2017-05-17|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-11-20|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

While the Human development index in the report of 2003 had placed [[Chennai district|Chennai]], [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]], [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli]], [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]] and [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]] as the districts in the top five positions, the latest report of 2017 shows that Kanyakumari has taken the first position. [[Virudhunagar district]] has the second place now, succeeded by [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothokudi]] and Chennai went to the fourth place, followed by Kanchipuram.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/280119/tn-human-development-report-2017-chennai-slips-in-hdi-rank-kovai.html|title=TN human development report - 2017 : Chennai slips in HDI rank, Kovai out of top 5|last=Venkatesh|first=M. R.|date=2019-01-28|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref><ref name=":1">TAMIL NADU HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017 -''Status of Human Development''

[http://www.spc.tn.gov.in/TNHDR2017/chapter2.pdf TAMIL NADU HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017]</ref>

Human Development Index is a composite index that takes into consideration:

# Life expectancy
# Education
# Per capita income.

== List of districts by HDI as of 2017 ==
List of districts in Tamil Nadu by Human Development Index by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) methodology as of 2017.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.spc.tn.gov.in/tnhdr2017.html|title=State Planning Commission|website=www.spc.tn.gov.in|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
!Rank
!District
!HDI for 2017
!Comparable country<ref name="UNDP2018">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2018 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators"|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=22–25|access-date=14 September 2018}}</ref>{{efn|If the value of the compared one doesn't match, then the actual value will be displayed.|name=|group=}}
|-
! colspan="4" style="color:#00BDFF;" | Very High Human Development
|-
|1
|[[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]
|0.944
|{{Flag|Switzerland}}
|-
|2
|[[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]]
|0.855
|{{Flag|Slovakia}}
|-
|3
|[[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]]
|0.852
|{{Flag|Brunei}}
|-
|4
|[[Chennai district|Chennai]]
|0.847
|{{Flag|Latvia}}
|-
|5
|[[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]]
|0.845
|{{Flag|Bahrain}} (0.846)
|-
|6
|[[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]]
|0.844
|{{Flag|Chile}} (0.843)
|-
|7
|[[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
|0.802
|{{Flag|Malaysia}}
|-
|8
|[[Tiruvallur district|Thiruvallur]]
|0.801
|{{Flag|Barbados}} (0.800)
|-
! colspan="4" style="color:#03D200;" | High Human Development
|-
|9
|[[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]]
|0.788
|{{Flag|Serbia}} (0.787)
|-
|10
|[[Trichy district|Trichy]]
|0.774
|{{Flag|Mexico}}
|-
|11
|[[Vellore district|Vellore]]
|0.742
|{{Flag|Fiji}} (0.741)
|-
|12
|[[Namakkal district|Namakkal]]
|0.738
|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} (0.736)
|-
|13
|[[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]]
|0.719
|{{Flag|Suriname}} (0.720)
|-
| -
|'''[[Tamil Nadu]]'''
|'''0.709'''
|{{Flag|South Africa}}
|-
! style="color:#fc0;" colspan="4" | Medium human development
|-
|14
|[[Dindigul district|Dindigul]]
|0.691
|{{Flag|Bolivia}} (0.693)
|-
|15
|[[Madurai district|Madurai]]
|0.689
|{{Flag|Palestine}} (0.686)
|-
|16
|[[Sivaganga district|Sivaganga]]
|0.671
|{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} (0.672)
|-
|17
|[[Salem district|Salem]]
|0.669
| rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Morocco}} (0.667)
|-
|18
|[[Karur district|Karur]]
|0.668
|-
|19
|[[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]
|0.655
| rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Guyana}} (0.654)
|-
|20
|[[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]]
|0.653
|-
|21
|[[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]]
|0.644
|{{Flag|India}} (0.645)
|-
|22
|[[Pudukkottai district|Pudukottai]]
|0.631
|Average
|-
|23
|[[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]]
|0.627
| rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Timor-Leste}} (0.625)
|-
|24
|[[The Nilgiris District|The Nilgiris]]
|0.624
|-
|25
|[[Erode district|Erode]]
|0.616
|{{Flag|Honduras}} (0.617)
|-
|26
|[[Nagapattinam district|Nagapattinam]]
|0.601
|{{Flag|Laos}}
|-
|27
|[[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai]]
|0.596
|{{Flag|Ghana}} (0.592)
|-
|28
|[[Tiruvarur district|Thiruvarur]]
|0.568
|No comparable country
|-
|29
|[[Viluppuram district|Villupuram]]
|0.561
|{{Flag|Pakistan}} (0.562)
|-
! colspan="4" style="color:#ff6700;" | Low Human Development
|-
|30
|[[Theni district|Theni]]
|0.539
|{{Flag|Tanzania}} (0.538)
|-
|31
|[[Perambalur district|Perambalur]]
|0.447
|No comparable country
|-
|32
|[[Ariyalur district|Ariyalur]]
|0.282
|No comparable country
|}
{{notelist}}

== HDI from 1995–2017 ==
Human Development Index of Indian states since 1995 by the [[Tamil Nadu Planning Commission|State Planning Commission of Tamil Nadu]] (1995-2017)<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Shanmugam|first=K.|last2=Chelliah|first2=Raja|date=2001-05-01|title=Some Aspects of Inter District Disparities in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259378128_Some_Aspects_of_Inter_District_Disparities_in_Tamil_Nadu|journal=MSE Working Paper No. 1}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/tamil-nadu-human-development-report-2003|title=Tamil Nadu Human Development Report 2003 {{!}} Human Development Reports|website=hdr.undp.org|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref><ref>Tamil Nadu Human Development Report Government of Tamil Nadu

[https://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/human_development_report_tamilnadu_2003_full_report_english.pdf Human Development Report 2003 : Tamil Nadu - UNDP]</ref><ref name=":4">The Tamil Nadu HDR (2003) provides insights into the process of development of a state (marginally ahead of fifteen major Indian States).[http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/tn_nhdr_2003.pdf Tamil Nadu Human Development Report 2003]</ref><ref>State Income - Tamil Nadu Government Portal - [http://www.tn.gov.in/dear/State%20Income.pdf STATE INCOME]</ref>

{| class="wikitable collapsible"
! No !! District !! HDI 1995 !! HDI 2001
!HDI 2007
!HDI 2011!! HDI 2017 (UNDP Method)
|-
| 1 ||[[Ariyalur district|Ariyalur]]|| ||
|
| || 0.282
|-
| 2 ||[[Chennai district|Chennai]]|| 0.752 || 0.757
|0.842
|0.859|| 0.847
|-
| 3 ||[[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]]|| 0.663 || 0.699
|0.775
|0.807|| 0.844
|-
| 4 ||[[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]]|| 0.59 || 0.644
|0.709
|0.745|| 0.719
|-
| 5 ||[[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]]|| 0.576 || 0.584
|0.656
|0.706|| 0.644
|-
| 6 ||[[Dindigul district|Dindigul]]|| 0.599 || 0.641
|0.705
|0.735|| 0.691
|-
| 7 ||[[Erode district|Erode]]|| 0.644 || 0.658
|0.721
|0.755|| 0.616
|-
| 8 ||[[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]]|| 0.685 || 0.712
|0.778
|0.809|| 0.845
|-
| 9 ||[[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]|| 0.679 || 0.711
|0.763
|0.812|| 0.944
|-
| 10 ||[[Karur district|Karur]]|| 0.628 || 0.647
|0.737
|0.785|| 0.668
|-
| 11 ||[[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]]|| ||
|0.665
|0.742|| 0.788
|-
| 12 ||[[Madurai district|Madurai]]|| 0.633 || 0.661
|0.759
|0.777|| 0.689
|-
| 13 ||[[Nagapattinam district|Nagapattiam]]|| 0.618 || 0.654
|0.738
|0.777|| 0.601
|-
| 14 ||[[Namakkal district|Namakkal]]|| 0.611 || 0.636
|0.715
|0.764|| 0.738
|-
| 15 ||[[The Nilgiris District|Nilgiris]]|| 0.667 || 0.685
|0.745
|0.767|| 0.624
|-
| 16 ||[[Perambalur district|Perambalur]]|| 0.592 || 0.596
|0.697
|0.703|| 0.447
|-
| 17 ||[[Pudukkottai district|Pudukottai]]|| 0.612 || 0.618
|0.705
|0.738|| 0.631
|-
| 18 ||[[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]]|| 0.622 || 0.629
|0.703
|0.737|| 0.653
|-
| 19 ||[[Salem district|Salem]]|| 0.622 || 0.626
|0.717
|0.762|| 0.669
|-
| 20 ||[[Sivaganga district|Sivaganga]]|| 0.608 || 0.64
|0.701
|0.733|| 0.671
|-
| 21 ||[[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]|| 0.586 || 0.63
|0.714
|0.754|| 0.655
|-
| 22 ||[[Theni district|Theni]]|| 0.618 || 0.628
|0.726
|0.726|| 0.539
|-
| 23 ||[[Tiruvallur district|Thiruvallur]]|| 0.654 || 0.654
|0.767
|0.801|| 0.801
|-
| 24 ||[[Tiruvarur district|Thiruvarur]]|| 0.598 || 0.637
|0.719
|0.743|| 0.568
|-
| 25 ||[[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]]|| || 0.703
|0.791
|0.802|| 0.852
|-
| 26 ||[[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]|| 0.652 || 0.658
|0.74
|0.77|| 0.802
|-
| 27 ||[[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]]|| ||
|
| || 0.627
|-
| 28 ||[[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai]]|| 0.586 || 0.612
|0.678
|0.721|| 0.596
|-
| 29 ||[[Trichy district|Trichy]]|| 0.638 ||
|0.732
|0.784|| 0.774
|-
| 30 ||[[Vellore district|Vellore]]|| 0.635 || 0.658
|0.71
|0.75|| 0.742
|-
| 31 ||[[Viluppuram district|Villupuram]]|| || 0.587
|0.667
|0.71|| 0.561
|-
| 32 ||[[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]]|| 0.639 || 0.651
|0.737
|0.773|| 0.855
|-
| ||'''[[Tamil Nadu]]'''||'''0.636'''||'''0.657'''
|'''0.736'''
|'''0.768'''||'''0.708'''
|}

== Trend Analysis ==
Compared with the previous Tamil Nadu's Human Development Reports by the state planning commission and the latest district-level government statistical report, Tamil Nadu has significantly improved its HDI in all of its administrative subdivisions.

The decline of the poverty rate has been very significant for Tamil Nadu, that it takes much of the pain to the political criticism against the [[Dravidian parties]] about corruption in the administration. The substantial reduction in urban and [[rural poverty]] at a huge level since the economic improvements of the 1990s, shows that [[poverty reduction]] and social well-being programmes have brought in rising incomes for the poor.<ref name=":0" />

Kanyakumari is the district with the highest Human Development Index in the report of 2017. Kanyakumari also has the highest [[Literacy|literacy rate]] in the state. [[Ariyalur district|Ariyalur]] has the lowest HDI in the 2017 report. Thoothukudi, with high life expectancy and high literacy rate, is in the top five districts.<ref name=":1" /> Ariyalur and Perambalur, due to its [[Per capita income]] being so low, came in the bottom five.<ref name=":1" /> Coimbatore, in spite of its high degree of [[industrialisation]] and Per capita income, does not rank in the top five districts with high Human Development Index in the report of 2017.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" />

The previous report of 2003 showed that Chennai, Kanchipuram, Kanyakumari, Thoothukudi and Coimbatore were the top five districts. Though the two sets of reports are not strictly comparable given the separation of some districts between the two time points, some relative observations are made. According to the latest report, Kanyakumari has reached the top position, while Coimbatore does not even figure in the top five. The new entrant in the top five district category is Virudhunagar in the latest Human development report. Virudhunagar's rise to the top has been primarily due to its relatively higher per capita income which in turn can be connected to the spread of small scale industries, and a vibrant agricultural marketing economy. The five districts in the bottom of the previous report are [[Perambalur district|Perambalur]], [[Viluppuram district|Villupuram]], [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]], [[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai]] and [[Pudukkottai district|Pudukottai]]. Many of these districts have been separated, but Perambalur and Villupuram continue to be at the bottom. Theni has newly entered into the bottom five.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Health in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Tamil Nadu-related lists|Districts]]
[[Category:Districts of Tamil Nadu| ]]
[[Category:Human Development Index]]
[[Category:Development studies]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Health in Tamil Nadu]]

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List of districts in Tamil Nadu by Human Development Index