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Battle of Peshawar (1758)

2022-03-10T14:59:06Z

2402:3A80:1308:C06A:0:8:E9A:BA01:

{{Short description|Battle between Maratha and Durrani Empires}}
{{Redirect|Battle of Peshawar}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Peshawar
| partof = [[Maratha conquest of North-west India]]
| image =
| date = 8 May 1758
| place = [[Peshawar]], Now in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan
| result = Maratha victory
| territory = [[Peshawar]] captured by [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] and annexed into the [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{Google books |plainurl= |id=jBBYD2J2oE4C |page=43 |title=[[Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia]] }}</ref>
| combatant1 = <center>[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|50px]] [[Maratha Empire]]</center>
| combatant2 = <center>[[File:Abdali flag.png|50px]] [[Durrani Empire]]</center>
| commander1 = [[Raghunathrao]] [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] [[Tukoji Rao Holkar]]
| commander2 = [[Timur Shah Durrani]] Jahan Khan
}}
The '''Battle of Peshawar''' took place on 8 May 1758 between [[Maratha Empire]] and the [[Durrani Empire]]. The Marathas were victorious in the battle and [[Peshawar]] was captured and ultimately annexed into the [[Maratha Empire]]. Before that, the fort of Peshawar was being guarded by Durrani troops under [[Timur Shah Durrani]] and Jahan Khan. When [[Raghunathrao]] and [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] had left [[Punjab]] they appointed [[Tukoji Rao Holkar]] as their representative in this area of the sub-continent. He along with Khandoji Kadam defeated the Afghan garrison.<ref name="ReferenceA">Third Battle of Panipat by Abhas Verma {{ISBN|9788180903397}} Bharatiya Kala Prakashan</ref> The victory in this battle is considered a great success for Marathas as now their rule had extended to the border of Afghanistan, located 2000 km far from their capital [[Pune]].

==Aftermath==
The Battle of Peshawar took place on 8 May 1758 between Maratha Empire and the Durrani Empire. The Marathas were victorious in the battle and Peshawar was captured. The battle was seen as a huge success for the Marathas who hoisted the Bhagwa Jhanda (Maratha's saffron flag) on top of the Peshawar fort, their rule had now stretched from Pune to Delhi and now to the border of the Durrani Empire in Peshawar. Before that, the fort of Peshawar was being guarded by Durrani troops under Timur Shah Durrani and Jahan Khan. After being defeated by the army of Marathas, Durranis with Jahan Khan and Timur Shah Durrani left the fort and fled to Afghanistan meanwhile Marathas captured and took control of the fort.<ref name="War">[https://books.google.com/books?id=zp0FbTniNaYC&pg=PA103&dq=maratha+plunder+rohilkhand&hl=en&ei=kh0tTuaaEIjsrQeo3qGyDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=maratha%20plunder%20rohilkhand&f=false War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849]</ref> The victory in this battle is considered a great success for Marathas as now their rule had extended to the border of Afghanistan, located 2000 km far from their capital Pune.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name=K.RoyIHB>{{cite book | last=Roy |first=Kaushik |title=India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil |publisher=Permanent Black, India |pages=80–1 |isbn=978-8178241098}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| first=Mountstuart |last=Elphinstone |title=History of India | url=https://archive.org/details/historyindia02elphgoog |publisher=John Murray, Albermarle Street |year=1841 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyindia02elphgoog/page/n318 276]}}</ref><ref name="Sharma1999">{{cite book | author=S.R. Sharma | title=Mughal empire in India: a systematic study including source material |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=4j_VLlGqVSoC |page=763 }} | access-date=30 November 2011 | year = 1999 | publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-819-2|page=763}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Google books |plainurl= |id=jBBYD2J2oE4C |page=43 |title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia }}
* Duff, James Grant. [{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=e_Pc4ZQMoy0C |page=199 }} ''A history of the Mahrattas'', Volume 2]
* {{Google books |plainurl= |id=zp0FbTniNaYC |page=103 |title=War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740–1849 }}

{{Peshawar}}
{{MarathaEmpire}}

{{coord missing|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peshawar, Battle of}}
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Durrani Empire]]
[[Category:History of Peshawar|1758 Battle of Peshawar]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1758]]
[[Category:1758 in Asia]]
[[Category:1750s in the Durrani Empire]]

Battle of Attock (1758)

2022-03-10T14:53:23Z

2402:3A80:1308:C06A:0:8:E9A:BA01:

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Attock
| image =
| partof = [[Maratha conquest of North-west India]]
| date = 28 April 1758
| place = [[Attock]] (in modern-day [[Pakistan]])
| result = Maratha victory
| territory = [[Attock]] captured by [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]].
| combatant1 = <center>[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|50px]] [[Maratha Empire]]</center>
| combatant2 = <center>[[File:Abdali flag.png|50px]] [[Durrani Empire]]</center>
| commander1 = [[Raghunathrao]] [[Tukoji Rao Holkar]] [[Mahadji Shinde]]
| commander2 = Karim Shah Wazirullah Khan
}}
The '''Battle of Attock''' took place on 28 April 1758 between [[Maratha Empire]] and the [[Durrani Empire]]. The [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]], under Raghunathrao (Raghoba), delivered a decisive victory and [[Attock]] was captured. The battle is seen as a great success for [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] who hoisted Maratha flag in [[Attock]]. [[Raghunathrao]] left Punjab after three months appointing Maratha Sardar Narsoji Pandit with 4000 Maratha troops to guard the fort from Afghans. It was conquered by the combined forces of Huzurati Troops and Shinde Army. The Shinde Troops were under the able command of Shreenath Mahadji Shinde, his elder brother Tukojirao and uncle Shambhuji Shinde.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813|author=Mehta, J.L.|date=2005|publisher=New Dawn Press, Incorporated|isbn=9781932705546|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC|page=237|access-date=2015-05-15}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
After capturing Attock, Raghunathrao sent a letter to Peshwa [[Balaji Baji Rao]] on 4 May 1758 :<ref name="google2">{{cite book|title=War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849|author=Roy, K.|date=2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781136790874|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zp0FbTniNaYC|page=103|access-date=2015-05-15}}</ref><ref name="K.RoyIHB">{{cite book | last=Roy |first=Kaushik |title=India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil |publisher=Permanent Black, India |pages=80–1 |isbn=978-81-7824-109-8}}</ref>
{{cquote|[[Lahore]], [[Multan]], [[Kashmir]] and other subhas on this side of [[Attock]] are under our rule for the most part, and places which have not come under our rule we shall soon bring under us. [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]'s son [[Timur Shah Durrani]] and Jahan Khan have been pursued by our troops, and their troops completely looted. Both of them have now reached [[Peshawar]] with a few broken troops... So Ahmad Shah Durrani has returned to Kandahar with some 12-14 thousand broken troops. Thus all have risen against Ahmad who has lost control over the region... we have decided to extend our rule up to [[Kandahar]].}}

On 8 May 1758, the Marathas defeated Durrani forces in the [[Battle of Peshawar]] and captured the city of Peshawar. Marathas had now reached the Afghanistan border. [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] got alarmed with this success of Marathas and started planning to recapture his lost territories.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Other sources==
*Duff, James Grant (1921). [https://books.google.com/books?id=e_Pc4ZQMoy0C&dq=hurry%20punt&lr=&pg=PA199#v=onepage&q=hurry%20punt&f=false ''A history of the Mahrattas'', Volume 2]
*{{cite book|title=War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849|author=Roy, K.|date=2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781136790874|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zp0FbTniNaYC|page=103|access-date=2015-05-15}}

{{MarathaEmpire}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Attock, Battle of}}
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Attock District|Battle of Attock]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1758]]
[[Category:1758 in Asia]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Durrani Empire]]
[[Category:1750s in the Durrani Empire]]

Battle of Narela

2022-03-10T14:46:52Z

2402:3A80:1308:C06A:0:8:E9A:BA01:

{{Infobox military conflict
| image =
| caption =
|partof = Afghan-Maratha Conflicts
| conflict = Battle of Narela
| date = 16 January 1757
| place = [[Narela]], Outskirts of [[Delhi]]
| result = [[Maratha Empire]] victory, Durrani forces retreat to Sonipat.
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|30px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Abdali flag.png|40px]] [[Durrani Empire]]
| commander1 = Antaji Mankeshwar
| commander2 = Rahim Khan
| strength1 = 3,400
| strength2 = 5,000
| casualties1 = 100 killed.
| casualties2 = 200-300 killed.
}}
The '''Battle of Narela''' took place on 16 January 1757, at [[Narela]], on the outskirts of Delhi, between the [[Maratha Army]] led by Antaji Mankeshwar and an advance column of [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]]'s army, in which the Maratha Army won.<ref name=ad>[[#Me|Mehta, p. 224]]</ref>

==The battle==
[[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], the emperor of Afghanistan was heading towards Delhi his yet another invasion. The Marathas had signed a treaty with the Mughal emperor in 1752 to give him protection from the foreign invader. The [[Peshwa|Maratha Peshwa]] had appointed [[Antaji Mankeshwar]] along with 50,000 strong Maratha force to guard the emperor. However, the Maratha troops were called back by the [[Peshwa]] for Deccan operations. As a result, most of the Maratha force left Delhi leaving behind some 3,400 troops under [[Antaji Mankeshwar]]. So, the small garrison of Marathas along with the forces of [[Imad-ul-Mulk]] and [[Najib-ud-daula]] had the responsibility to guard the Mughal capital from Durrani. By 14 January 1757, Durrani had reached [[Sonipat]] and decided to stay there. He sent Rahim Khan with 5,000 strong Afghan force to capture the regions around Delhi. Antaji was asked to move along with his contingent along the road towards [[Karnal]] to check the progress of the Afghan invader. The Marathas and Afghans collided in a fierce battle in [[Narela]], on the outskirts of Delhi. The Afghans were defeated and finally they retreated to Sonipat, where their emperor was staying.<ref name=ad/><ref>[[#Ba|Barua, p. 55]]</ref>

==Aftermath==
After his initial victory over the invader's advanced guard, [[Antaji Mankeshwar|Antaji]] was returning from Narela when his troops were intercepted by a huge army on the outskirts of Delhi in the night of 16–17 January.
The Marathas were completely taken by surprise, but they fought desperately and hurriedly retreated towards [[Faridabad]], 30 km from Delhi with a loss of about 1000 troops. The next day, it became known that the unidentified foe who had treacherously lead a surprise attack on the Marathas, the night before was [[Najib-ud-daula]], a courtier of the Mughal emperor. Najib betrayed the emperor and his wazir at the most critical time and moved out of Delhi with his 20,000 well equipped troops to join the invader's camp. As a result, the emperor got alone once again and Abdali successfully marched to the [[Red Fort]] unopposed and looted the capital city of Mughals.<ref name=ad/><ref>[[#Sa|Sarkar, p. 62]]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book |title=Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707-1813|author= Jaswant Lal Mehta|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.|year=2005|isbn=1-932705-54-6 |page=225 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&q=Narela&pg=PA225 |ref=Me }}
* Robinson, Howard; James Thomson Shotwell (1922). "Mogul Empire and the Marathas". The Development of the British Empire. Houghton Mifflin. p. 134.
* {{cite book |title=The State at War in South Asia|chapter=Marathas at Panipat|author=Pradeep P. Barua|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|year=2005 |isbn=0803213441 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&q=Battle+of+Narela+1757&pg=PA55 |ref=Ba }}
* {{cite book |title=Fall of the Mughal Empire, Vol. 2|author=Jadunath Sarkar|author-link=Jadunath Sarkar|publisher= M. C. Sarkar |year=1966|ref= Sa}}

{{MarathaEmpire}}

{{coord missing|Delhi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

[[Category:18th century in Delhi]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire|Narela]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Durrani Empire|Narela]]
[[Category:1757 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1757|Narela]]
[[Category:1750s in the Durrani Empire]]