Mahatma Gandhi

2021-02-19T11:23:32Z

2401:4900:51EA:F3CB:57B3:1750:D9C7:D3F7:

{{Infobox person
| name = Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi<br/>मोहनदास करमचद गांधी<br/>{{Nastaliq|محاتما گاندهي}}<br/>મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી
| image = Portrait Gandhi.jpg
| caption = Mahatma Gandhi
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1869|10|02}}
| birth_place = Porbandar, [[Gujarat]], [[British Indian Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1948|01|30|1869|10|02|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| death_cause = Gun shot
| nationality = Indian
| spouse(s) = [[Kasturba Gandhi]]
}}
'''Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi''' [[Sindhi]]: 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was a leader of [[nationalism]] in [[British Raj|British-ruled India]]. He is more commonly called '''Mahatma Gandhi''';<ref>Chakrabarty, Bid Social and Political Thought of Mahatma Gandhi Routledge 2006 page 1</ref> ''mahatma'' is an [[honorific]] meaning "great-soul" or "venerable" in [[Sanskrit]]. He was first called this in 1914 in South Africa. He is also called ''Bapu'' in India ([[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] endearment for "father", "papa"). Full Name is Mohandas Karam Chand Gandhi

He was the Martyr of the Nation since 1948. [[Rabindranath Tagore]] gave him the title of 'Mahatma'.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Mahatma and the Poet|last=Bhattacharya|first=Sabyasachi|publisher=National Book Trust, India|place=New Delhi|date=1997|page=1}}</ref>

Gandhi was one of the most important people involved in the movement for the independence of India. He was a [[non-violence|non-violent]] [[activist]], who led the independence movement through a [[nonviolence|non-violent]] [[protest]].

==Early life==

Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat, India.<ref>Hook, Sue van der Mahatma Gandhi:
A proponent of Peace ABDO 2011 page 14</ref> Several members of his family worked for the government of the state. When Gandhi was 18 years old, he went to [[England|study law in England]].<ref>, Agarwal, Satya P. Social Message of the Gita Motilal Banarsidass; 1st edition 1995 page 114</ref> After he became a [[lawyer]], he went to the British colony of [[South Africa]] where he experienced laws that said people with dark [[Human skin colour|skin]] had fewer rights than people with light skin. In 1897, Gandhi was attacked by a group of people in Durban Harbor, South Africa when he was going to work. He went to South Africa because he could not find work in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://justlists.wordpress.com/2009/09/18/18-milestone-events-in-the-life-of-gandhi/|title=18 Milestone Events in the Life of Mohandas Gandhi|date=2009-09-18|website=Reach and Teach's Just Lists|accessdate=2017-04-27}}</ref> When traveling through South Africa, Gandhi was also kicked out of a first class train because of his skin color. Then Gandhi started protesting against segregation.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/timelines/zpdqmp3|title=Gandhi: Reckless teenager to father of India|website=BBC Timelines|accessdate=2017-04-27}}</ref> He decided then to become a political activist, so he could help change these unfair laws. He created a powerful, non-violent movement. During Gandhi's life, India was a [[colony]] of the [[United Kingdom]], but wanted [[independence]]. He was a huge leader duriQng that era and his thoughts helped catalyze the Indian independence movement.

==As an activist==
On 9 January, 1915 when Gandhi returned to India, he decided to again lead a march against a law called the Rowlatt Act. But then the protest turned violent and people started to kill the protesters.<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/>

On 12 March, 1930 Gandhi led the [[Salt March]].

When he returned to India, he helped cause India's independence from British rule, inspiring other colonial people to work for their own independence, break up the [[British Empire]], and replace it with the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]].

People of many different [[religion]]s and [[ethnic group]]s lived in British India. Many people thought that the country should break into separate countries so that different groups could have their own countries. In particular, many people thought that [[Hinduism|Hindus]] and [[Islam|Muslims]] should have separate countries. Gandhi was a Hindu, but he liked ideas from many religions including [[Islam]], [[Judaism]] and [[Christianity]], and he thought that people of all religions should have the same rights, and could live together peacefully in the same country.

In 1938, Gandhi resigned from Congress. He said that he was no longer able to work through Congress to unite the divisions in caste and religion. He also felt that he had little to offer to the political process.<ref>Adams, Jad. ''Gandhi: The True Man Behind Modern India. ''Pegasus Books, 2011: New York. Page 217.</ref>

On 15 August, 1947 [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]] became independent, breaking India in two, India and [[Pakistan]]. Gandhi wanted independence, but did not want to split into two different countries. Instead of celebrating on independence day, he was crying over the division of India.

Gandhi's principle of ''satyagraha'', often translated as "way of truth" or "pursuit of truth", has inspired other democratic and anti-racist activists like [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] and [[Nelson Mandela]]. Gandhi often said that his values were simple, based upon traditional Hindu beliefs: truth (''satya''), and non-violence (''ahimsa'').

==Death==
On January 30, 1948 Mahatma Gandhi was shot dead by an Hindu activist [[Nathuram Godse]], because Godse thought that Mahatma Gandhi was too respectful to the Muslims.

== References ==
{{commonscat|Mohandas K. Gandhi}}
{{reflist}}

==Other websites ==
[https://essayspeechon.com/essay-on-mahatma-gandhi/ Mahatma Gandhi Essay for Students]{{Comment|Essay writing=for school students}}
{{Time Persons of the Year 1927–1950}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gandhi, Mahatma}}
[[Category:1869 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]
[[Category:Assassinated people]]
[[Category:Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian murder victims]]
[[Category:Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Nonviolence advocates]]
[[Category:People murdered in India]]
[[Category:National symbols of India]]
[[Category:Time People of the Year]]

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Mahatma Gandhi