Mirik (community development block)

2025-04-08T12:21:21Z

24.185.63.78: formatting fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mirik
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| image_skyline = File:Mirik in Darjeeling (West Bengal).svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.8854833|N|88.1872559|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 122.28
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 46,374
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kurseong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kurseong]]
| website = {{URL|darjeeling.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Mirik''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Mirik subdivision]] of the [[Darjeeling district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].
[[File:View of Mirik town with Sumendu lake and surroundings.jpg|thumb|View of [[Mirik]] town with [[Mirik Lake]]]]

==Geography==
Mirik CD block is located at {{coord|26.8854833|N|88.1872559|E|display=inline}}.

The [[Mechi River|Mechi]] forms the international border with Nepal in a portion of the western part of the Darjeeling district, starting from Mirik CD block, down southwards.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Pages 15-17: Drainage| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref> The Mechi-Mahananda [[interfluve]] is a transitional area between the hills and the plains and exhibits a wide range of topographical variations.<ref>{{cite journal| title =Groundwater study in the Piedmont zone of Mechi Mahananda interfluve in Darjiling district, West Bengal using remote sensing techniques | last= M.M.Jana and M. Dutta | journal =Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing | volume =24 | pages =43–52 | publisher = Springerlink | doi =10.1007/BF03023891 | year =1996 | s2cid= 140179442 }}</ref>

Mirik CD block is bounded by the [[Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri (community development block)|Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri]] CD block on the north, [[Kurseong (community development block)|Kurseong]] CD block on the east, [[Naxalbari (community development block)|Naxalbari]] CD block on the south and [[Ilam District]] in [[Province No. 1]] of Nepal on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Map of Darjeeling district on the fifth page| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.stat.go.jp/info/meetings/nepal/pdf/findexmap.pdf| title = Map of Nepal by district | publisher = Nepal|access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

The Mirik CD block has an area of 119.18 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 6 [[gram panchayat]]s, 75 gram sansads (village councils), 21 [[mouza]]s and 21 inhabited villages. [[Mirik#Police station|Mirik]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=census2001>{{cite web| url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm| title = Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table 4| publisher = Census Commissioner of India| work = Census of India 2001, Darjeeling district (01)| access-date = 12 February 2020| url-status=dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040244/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm| archive-date = 19 July 2011| df = dmy-all}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Mirik]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Darjiling | work= Map of District Darjiling with CD block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 12 February 2020 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s in Mirik CD block are: Chenga Panighata, Duptin, Paheligaon School Dara I, Paheligaon School Dara II, Soureni I and Soureni II.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://darjeeling.gov.in/misc/District-Detail.pdf | title = Egiye Bangla Darjeeling | work= Miscellaneous - District Detail| publisher = District administration |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Mirik CD block had a total population of 46,374, all of which were rural. There were 23,394 (50%) males and 22,980 (50%) females. There were 3,902 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 3,619 (7.80%) and the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 14,280 (30.79%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Mirik CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Bukim Tea Garden (4,711), Mirik Khasmahal (4,329), New Fallodi Tea Garden (Ghyabari) (4,557) and [[Panighatta|Panighata]] (5,235).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in the Mirik CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Saurinibasti (3,901), [[Okayti Tea Estate|Okayti Tea Garden]] (3,509), Marma Tea Garden (3,077), [[Singbulli Tea Garden]] (3,306), Pattong Tea Garden (2,337) and Lohagar Tea Garden (2,081).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in the Mirik CD block was 34,334 (80.84% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 18,873 (88.40% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 15,461 (73.20% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 15.21%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD blocks of Darjeeling district (2011) |collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
The West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 declared that Bengali and Nepali were to be used for official purposes in the three hill subdivisions of Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong in Darjeeling district.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbja.nic.in/wbja_adm/files/The%20Bengal%20Official%20Language%20Act,%201961_1.pdf | title = The West Bengal Official Language Act 1961| publisher = WBJA |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Mirik CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|69.40}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|Yellow|18.85}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in West Bengal|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|7.93}}
{{bar percent|[[Kirat Mundhum]]|red|3.25}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|0.41}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.16}}
}}

In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 32,185 and formed 69.40% of the population in the Mirik CD block. Buddhists numbered 8,740 and formed 18.85% of the population. Christians numbered 3,678 and formed 7.93% of the population. Muslims numbered 190 and formed 0.41% of the population. Others numbered 1,581 and formed 3.41% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Mirik CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value1 = 91.96 |color1 = lightcoral
|label2 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |value2 = 3.11 |color2 = mediumseagreen
|label3 = [[Nagpuri language|Sadri]] |value3 = 2.20 |color3 = burlywood
|label4 = Others |value4 = 2.73 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 91.96% of the population spoke [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 3.11% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] and 2.20% [[Nagpuri language|Sadri]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural Poverty==
According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 24.40% of the total number of families were [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] families in the Darjeeling district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| title =West Bengal Summary | work= Rural Household Survey 2005| publisher = Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref> According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 4-9% of the population in Darjeeling, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts were below poverty level, the lowest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/315791504252302097/pdf/119344-BRI-P157572-West-Bengal-Poverty.pdf| title = West Bengal: Poverty, Growth and Inequality| publisher = World Bank Group|access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Mirik CD block'''
|value1 = 13.73
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 14.48
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 1.99
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 69.79
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Mirik CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 2,383 and formed 13.73%, agricultural labourers numbered 2,513 and formed 14.48%, household industry workers numbered 346 and formed 1.99% and other workers numbered 12,111 and formed 69.79%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 17,353 and formed 37.42% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 29,021 and formed 62.58% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 21 inhabited villages in the Mirik CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Darjiling, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 6 villages (28.57%) have post offices. 15 villages (71.43%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 10 villages (47.62%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 6 villages (28.57%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 3 villages (14.29%) have agricultural credit societies and 2 villages (9.52%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 85, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 13 February 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
In 2012–13, there were 32 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in Mirik CD block.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling | work = Table No. 16.1, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 February 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013–14, Mirik CD block produced 78 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 36 hectares, 267 tonnes of maize from 88 hectares and 911 tonnes of potatoes from 59 hectares. It also produced pulses.<ref name=handbook2013/>

===Tea gardens===
[[Darjeeling tea]] “received the iconic status due to its significant aroma, taste and colour… the first Indian product to be marked with the [[Geographical indication|Geographical Indication]] (GI) tag in 2003… As per the definition, “Darjeeling Tea” can only refer to tea that has been cultivated, grown, produced, manufactured and processed in tea gardens in few specific hilly areas of the district.” Apart from the hill areas, tea is also grown in the plain areas of the terai and dooars, but such gardens are not covered under the GI tag.<ref name=tea>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 26: Tea industry of Darjeeling district | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 13 February 2020}}</ref>

As of 2009–10, there were 87 tea gardens covered under the GI tag, employing 51,091 persons. Total land under cultivation was 17,828.38 hectares and total production was 7.36 million kg. A much larger population is indirectly dependent on the tea industry in the district. The average annual production including those from the plain areas, exceeds 10 million kg.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling | work = Table No. 5.3 (f): Area, production and employment in the tea industry | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 February 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=tea/>

As of 2013, Darjeeling subdivision had 46 tea estates, Kalimpong subdivision had 29 tea estates and Kurseong subdivision had 6 tea gardens. This added up to 81 tea estates in the hill areas. Bannackburn Tea Estate and Lingia Tea Estate in Darjeeling were the first to come up in 1835. Siliguri subdivision in the terai region had 45 tea estates.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://wblc.gov.in/download/Synopsis-of-Tea-Garden-Survey-Final-Report.pdf | title = Synopsis on Survey of Tea Gardens| publisher = Regional Labour Offices under jurisdiction of Joint Labour Commissioner, North Bengal Zone |access-date = 5 March 2020}}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2012–13, Mirik CD block had offices of 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2013/>

==Transport==
Mirik CD block has 2 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 40 km from the block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2013/>

[[State Highway 12 (West Bengal)|State Highway 12]] passes through Mirik CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 21 February 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2012–13, Mirik CD block (including Mirik town) had 78 primary schools with 7,211 students, 3 middle schools with 919 students, 6 high schools with 2,131 students and 2 higher secondary schools with 2,127 students. Mirik CD block had 170 institutions for special and non-formal education with 6,964 students. Mirik municipal area (outside the CD block) had 1 general degree college with 715 students.<ref name=handbook2013/>

See also – [[Education in India]]

According to the 2011 census, in Mirik CD block, among the 21 inhabited villages, 2 villages did not have a school, 14 villages had two or more primary schools, 12 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 8 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 394, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

[[Mirik College]] was established in 2000 at [[Mirik]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.targetadmission.com/colleges/37274-mirik-college-darjeeling |title =Mirik College, Darjeeling | publisher= Target Admission | access-date = 27 February 2020 }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2013, Mirik CD block had 1 rural hospital and 3 primary health centres with total 42 beds and 4 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 11 family welfare subcentres. 2,354 patients were treated indoor and 57,253 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2013/>

Mirik Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at [[Mirik]], is the major government medical facility in the Mirik CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Sourani Bustee (with 10 beds), Duptin (PO Mirik) (with 2 beds) and Panighatta (with OPD only).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal|access-date = 28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 28 February 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Mirik}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Darjeeling}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Darjeeling district]]

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Mirik (community development block)