https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=216.67.70.35Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-07T00:37:29ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_Gujarati&diff=155549Middle Gujarati2020-08-03T05:07:56Z<p>216.67.70.35: Gujar Apabhramsa link</p>
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<div>{{Infobox language<br />
|name=Middle Gujarati<br />
|nativename=<br />
|pronunciation=<br />
|era=Developed into [[Gujarati language|Modern Gujarati]] by the 19th century<br />
|familycolor=Indo-European<br />
|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]<br />
|fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]<br />
|fam4=[[Western Indo-Aryan languages|Western]]<ref>[http://homepages.fh-giessen.de/kausen/klassifikationen/Indogermanisch.doc Ernst Kausen, 2006. ''Die Klassifikation der indogermanischen Sprachen''] ([[Microsoft Word]], 133 KB)</ref><br />
|fam5=[[Gujarati languages]]<br />
|ancestor=[[Gurjar Apabhraṃśa]]<br />
|ancestor2=[[Old Gujarati]]<br />
|isoexception=historical<br />
|glotto=none<br />
}}<br />
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'''Middle Gujarati''' (AD 1500–1800), split off from Rajasthani, and developed the phonemes ɛ and ɔ, the auxiliary stem ''ch''-, and the possessive marker -''n''-.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mistry|2003|pp=115–116}}</ref> Major phonological changes characteristic of the transition between Old and Middle Gujarati are:<ref name="CardonaSuthar661">{{Harvnb|Cardona|Suthar|2003|p=661}}</ref><br />
*i, u develop to ə in open [[syllable]]s<br />
*[[diphthong]]s əi, əu change to ɛ and ɔ in initial syllables and to e and o elsewhere<br />
*əũ develops to ɔ̃ in initial syllables and to ű in final syllables<br />
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These developments would have grammatical consequences. For example, Old Gujarati's instrumental-locative singular in -i was leveled and eliminated, having become the same as Old Gujarati's nominative/accusative singular in -ə.<ref name="CardonaSuthar661"/><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
{{Gujarati language}}<br />
[[Category:Gujarati language]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural history of Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]]<br />
[[Category:Languages attested from the 15th century]]<br />
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