Treaty of Seringapatam

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{{Short description|1792 treaty ending the Third Anglo-Mysore War}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
The '''Treaty of Seringapatam''' (also called Srirangapatinam or Srirangapatna), signed 18 March 1792, ended the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]. Its signatories included [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Lord Cornwallis]] on behalf of the [[British East India Company]], representatives of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] and the [[Maratha Empire]], and [[Tipu Sultan]], the ruler of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]].

==Background==
{{main|Third Anglo-Mysore War}}
The war broke out in late 1789 when [[Tipu Sultan]], the ruler of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]], attacked [[Kingdom of Travancore|Travancore]], an ally of the [[British East India Company]]. After a little over two years of fighting, forces of the company led by [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Lord Charles, 2nd Earl Cornwallis]], along with allied forces from the [[Maratha Empire]] and [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], [[Siege of Seringapatam (1792)|laid siege]] in February 1792 to Mysore's capital, [[Seringapatam]] (also called Srirangapatinam).<ref>Dodwell, pp. 336–337</ref> Rather than attempting to storm the works at great cost to all sides, Cornwallis entered into negotiations with Tipu to end the conflict. The resulting treaty was signed on 18 March.

Cornwallis had hoped to use the treaty as a wide-ranging peace settlement that would, in addition to reducing or removing the threat of Mysore, prevent conflict between Hyderabad and the Marathas. The Marathas had, however, resisted inclusion of such language.<ref>Fortescue, p. 712</ref>

==Terms==
[[File:Surrender of Tipu Sultan.jpg|thumb|''General Lord Cornwallis receiving Tipoo Sultan's sons as hostages'', by [[Robert Home]], c. 1793]]
[[File:1793 Faden Wall Map of India - Geographicus - India-faden-1793.jpg|thumb|1800 map by [[James Rennell]] showing color-coded political areas, military campaigns by the British East India Company, and the lands acquired by the company through the Treaty of Seringapatam]]

Under the terms of the treaty, Mysore ceded about one-half of its territories to the other signatories. The Peshwa acquired territory up to the [[Tungabhadra River]], the Nizam was awarded land from the [[Krishna River|Krishna]] to the [[Penner River|Penner]] River, and the forts of [[Cuddapah]] and [[Gandikota]] on the south bank of the Penner. The East India Company received a large portion of Mysore's [[Malabar Coast]] territories between the [[Kingdom of Travancore]] and the [[Kali River (Karnataka)|Kali River]], and the Baramahal and [[Dindigul district|Dindigul]] districts.<ref name=D337/> Mysore granted the [[rajah]] of [[Coorg]] his independence,<ref name=D337>Dodworth, p. 337</ref> although Coorg effectively became a company dependency.

Tipu Sultan, unable to pay an indemnity of 330 lakhs of rupees, was required to surrender two of his three sons as hostages of war.<ref name=D337/><ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honorourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=178}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Dodwell, H. H. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dVpEAAAAIAAJ&dq=1792%20Treaty%20of%20Seringapatam&lr=&pg=PA337#v=onepage&q=1792%20Treaty%20of%20Seringapatam&f=false ''The Cambridge History of India: British India, 1497–1858'']
* Fortescue, Sir John William. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mmpKAAAAYAAJ&dq=treaty%20of%20seringapatam&lr=&pg=PA712#v=onepage&q=treaty%20of%20seringapatam&f=false ''A history of the British army'', Volume 4, Part 2]
* Dirom, Alexander. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xxMNAAAAYAAJ&dq=Seringapatam%201792%20Cornwallis%20Tippoo%20Saultan&lr=&pg=PA275#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''A narrative of the campaign in India which terminated the war with Tippoo Sultan, in 1792: with maps and plans illustrative for the subject, and a view of Seringapatam''] (contains English text of treaty)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seringapatam 1792}}
[[Category:Peace treaties of the Kingdom of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Peace treaties of India]]
[[Category:1792 treaties]]
[[Category:History of Kerala]]
[[Category:History of Mysore|Treaty of Seringapatam 1792]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Mysore]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Mysorean invasion of Malabar]]
[[Category:Treaties of the British East India Company]]
[[Category:1792 in India]]
[[Category:1792 in Great Britain]]
[[Category:1792 in the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Third Anglo-Mysore War]]

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Treaty of Seringapatam