Mutharaiyar dynasty

2021-11-12T15:51:06Z

202.90.244.231:

{{short description|Zamindars from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu}}
{{other uses|Muttaraiyar (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Suvaran maran.png|thumb|Suvaran maran Mutharaiyar]]

The '''Mutharaiyar dynasty''' was a royal family in what is now the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. They governed the [[Tanjore]], [[Trichy]] and [[Pudukottai]] regions between 600-900 CE. They belongs to powerful hunter community of India.

According to scholars, Earliest known line of Andhra Cholas Who were the descendants<ref>{{Cite book|last=E.hultzsch|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.115919|title=Epigraphia Indica Vol.-11 p.339|date=1911}}</ref> of the Royal clan [Renati chodah]] were found in Renadu or Maharajapadi ( king's country ) from about the beginning of the sixth to the middle of the ninth century A.D.''The family seems to have begun its rule at Erigal or Nidugal in the Tumkur district on the borderland between the Pallava and Kadamba dominions.'' The earliest king of whom we hear is Nandivarman, ( A.D. 500 ) whose name indicates a subordinate relation to the Pallavas of Kanchi. Of the three sons of Nandivarman, The Eldest - Simhavishnu ( another Pallava name ). The younger brothers of Simhavishnu were Sundarananda and Dhananjaya, the latter being described as Erigal Mutturaju Dhananjaya<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chhabra|first=B. ch|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56527|title=Epigraphia Indica Vol.27 p.221|date=1947}}</ref> ruling Renadu. All the brothers seems to have simultaneously ruled in different areas according to the Malepadu plates<ref>{{Cite book|last=E.hultzsch|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.115919|title=Epigraphia Indica Vol.-11 p.337|date=1911}}</ref> of Punyakumara. A brief genealogy<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=RBSI - Digital Rare Book: The Cholas By K.A. Nilakanta Sastri Published by The University of Madras - 1935 Read Book Online: http://bit.ly/2i2l8CX Download pdf Book: http://bit.ly/2iPIde5 Book Extract: p.103|url=https://www.rarebooksocietyofindia.org/postDetail.php?id=196174216674_10154722892256675|website=www.rarebooksocietyofindia.org|language=en|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref> of these clan was drawn by [[K. A. Nilakanta Sastri]] with the help of Melapadu plates

Dhananjaya was followed by his son Navarama or Mahendra vikrama I Chola Maharaja (AD.600) He holds the title Muditasilakshara, justified by his well - chiselled stone inscriptions.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Adhiraja Srikantha - A Pottapi Chola,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=E-Publication {{!}} Department Of Archaeology, Kalvettu - Natana.Kasinathan & K.Dhamotharan p.19|url=https://tnarch.gov.in/e-publication-books?term_node_tid_depth=214|access-date=2020-06-05|website=tnarch.gov.in}}</ref> who is the king of [[Mylapore]]<ref name=":1" /> - which is the south east part of Renadu. He is also called as Ottriyuran<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Thiruttani and Velanjeri Copper Plates. See VELANCHERI PLATES OF PARANTAKA CHOLA I, Published by Dr.R.Nagaswamy|url=http://www.tamilartsacademy.com/articles/article28.xml|access-date=2020-06-05|website=www.tamilartsacademy.com}}</ref> as he is from Ottriyur region. ( Today's [[Tiruvottiyur]] ) We are able to trace Srikantha's ''ancestors''<ref>{{Cite book|last=DASGUPTA|first=K. K.|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12720|title=A COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF INDIA,VOL.3,PART1 p.384|date=1960|publisher=PEOPLES OF PUBLISHING HOUSE}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Thomas|first=F. w|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108417|title=Epigraphia Indica Vol.15 p.46|date=1920}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=DESAI|first=Z. A.|url=http://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindica014342mbp|title=EPIGRAPHIA INDICA VOL V p.123|date=1898–99|publisher=MANAGER OF PUBLICATIONS, DELHI|others=SVCLRC, UDL TTD TIRUPATI|language=pt}}</ref> with the help of an Eastern Chalukyan king's Copper plate grants,<ref name=":4" /> Anbil plates<ref name=":3" /> of [[Parantaka Chola II]] and it's clear that he is from the lineage of Sundarananda, who is the 2nd son<ref name=":0" /> of Nandivarma Chola. Also from Velanjeri plates of [[Parantaka I]]<ref name=":2" /> & Anbil plates, its clear that Adhiraja Srikantha is the father of [[Vijayalaya Chola]], who is founder of the Imperial Chola dynasty. Here we can see that Sundarananda was succeeded by the son (Navarama ''alias'' Mahendra vikrama I Chola Maharaja) of his younger brother Dhananjaya, its nothing wrong if we consider Sundarananda had Left no child. at first, Navarama was subordinate of Simhavishnu and Mahendra varman I of Kanchi, as evidenced by the resemblance of his titles with those of Mahendra - varman, he seems to have affirmed his independence later just like Simhavishnu Choda. He had a dugaraja ( Yuvaraja ) of Erigal under him, possibly his eldest son Gunamudita. The youngest son Punyakumara was Mutturaja of Erigal and over southern Renadu with Chippili as his capital. After Gunamudita's rule as king ( 620-25 ), he succeeded him in the rule of Renadu with Malepadu as capital.<ref>{{Cite book|last=DASGUPTA|first=K. K.|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12720|title=A COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF INDIA,VOL.3,PART1 p.381, 382|date=1960|publisher=PEOPLES OF PUBLISHING HOUSE}}</ref>

During the 7th to 8th centuries, the Mutharaiyar served as [[feudatory|feudatories]] of the [[Pallava dynasty]] and controlled the fertile plains of the [[Kaveri]] region. An inscription in the [[Tiru Parameswara Vinnagaram|Vaikuntha Perumal]] temple in [[Kanchipuram]] mentions a Mutharaiyar chief receiving [[Nandivarman II]] at the latter's coronation. According to historian T. A. Gopinatha Rao, this chief was Suvaran Maaran (also called Kshatriya Koli Perumbidigu Muthurayar II).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Political, Legal And War Philosophy In Ancient India|author=H.S. Bhatia|publisher=Deep and Deep Publications, 2001 - India - 381 pages|page=180}}</ref>

The Sendalai inscription of Suvaran Maran states that Tanjore and Vallam were under his control. When the [[Cholas]] came to power in 850, Vijayalaya Chola wrested control of Tanjore from the Mutharaiyar chieftains and turned them into vassals.<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian History|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|page=B55}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=January 2019}}

==References==
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[[Category:Pudukkottai state]]

[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Empires and kingdoms of India]]
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
[[Category:Tamil monarchs]]

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Mutharaiyar dynasty