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Kishori Sinha

2021-11-13T03:52:13Z

2001:8F8:1E6D:B4E4:2D71:2360:E01E:1774:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kishori Sinha
| nickname = Bacchi Ji
| image = Shrimati Kishori Sinha Ji MP.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date ={{Birth date|1925|3|25|df=y}}
| birth_place =[[Sitamarhi district|Dumra]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[British India]]
| residence = Sopan, [[Patna]]
| death_date ={{Death date and age|2016|12|19|1925|3|25|df=y}}
| death_place =[[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| office1 =[[Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] for [[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]]
| constituency1 =
| term_start1 =1980
| term_end1 = 1989
|1blankname1 = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
|1namedata1 = [[Indira Gandhi]], [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| predecessor1 =Digvijay Narain Singh
| successor1 = Usha Sinha
| party =[[Indian National Congress|INC]], Janata Party
| religion =
| spouse = [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]]
| children =[[Nikhil Kumar]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 7 September |
| year = 2008 |
| source =http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/2908.htm
}}

'''Kishori Sinha''' (25 March 1925 – 19 December 2016) was an [[India]]n politician,<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://patnadaily.com/index.php/news/12224-former-mp-and-social-activist-kishori-sinha-cremated-with-full-state-honors.html|title=Former MP and Social Activist Kishori Sinha Cremated with Full State Honors - PatnaDaily|first=PatnaDaily|last=Staff|work=patnadaily.com|accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref> social activist, a lifelong advocate of women's empowerment and a former two-term Member of Parliament from the [[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]] constituency.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.eci.gov.in/electionanalysis/GE/PartyCompWinner/S04/partycomp09.htm
|title=Kishori Sinha, former MP
|publisher=Election commission
|accessdate=2008-02-04
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420084910/http://www.eci.gov.in/electionanalysis/GE/PartyCompWinner/S04/partycomp09.htm
|archivedate=20 April 2008
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok08/state/08lsbi.htm
| title=Vaishali MP-Kishori Sinha
| author=
| publisher=Parliament of India
| accessdate=2008-07-06
}}
</ref> She was married to the former [[List of Chief Ministers of Bihar|Chief Minister of Bihar]] [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]], who was a seven-term [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], from the constituency of Aurangabad.<ref name="Prime Minister Condoles death of S N Sinha">{{cite web
|url = http://pmindia.nic.in/message/mcontent.asp?id=115
|title = PM condoles passing away of Satyendra Narayan Sinha
|author = Official website
|publisher = PM's Messages
|accessdate = 2006-09-05
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110613192504/http://pmindia.nic.in/message/mcontent.asp?id=115
|archivedate = 13 June 2011
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://magnificentbihar.com/interview3.htm
|title=Nikhil Kumar On Bihar
|author=Magnificent Bihar
|accessdate=2007-09-20
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208123420/http://www.magnificentbihar.com/interview3.htm
|archivedate= 8 December 2007
|url-status=dead
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/2908.htm
| title=Member Bio Data
| author=Home Page on the Parliament of India's Website]
| publisher=Loksabha
| accessdate=2006-09-25
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703141413/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/2908.htm
| archive-date=3 July 2011
| url-status=dead
}}</ref> Her son [[Nikhil Kumar]] had served as the [[Governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] and [[Governor of Nagaland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20161219/3016216.html|title=Former MP Kishori Sinha dies after a protracted illness|work=webindia123.com|accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref>

== Early life ==
[[File:Smt Kishori Sinha Ji SatyendraNarayanSinhaJi Governor Nikhil Kumar.jpg|thumb|left|206px|A Young Kishori Sinha with [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha|S N Sinha]] & son [[Nikhil Kumar]]]]
She completed her education from Chapman High School Muzzafurpur. Thereafter, she graduated from Patna Women's college. Born in a politically influential family, she grew up in an intensely political atmosphere. Her grandfather, Rai Saheb Awadh Bihari Singh, was a prominent figure. Her father, [[Rameshwar Prasad Sinha]], was a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement, and was
a Member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]. She, despite being<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/news/12222-kishori-sinha-wife-of-former-cm-s-n-sinha-is-no-more.html|title=Kishori Sinha, Wife of former CM S. N. Sinha, is no more - PatnaDaily|first=PatnaDaily|last=Staff|work=patnadaily.com|accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref> married at the tender age of 13 to [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]], broke many social barriers of the time by acquiring top-class education and entering into public service in various roles.

== Member of Parliament ==
She was elected as a member of the Parliament from [[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]] constituency in 1980; becoming first woman to be elected from the constituency. She was re-elected in 1984. Mrs. Kishori Sinha and her husband [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/7th-lok-sabha-youngest-in-indias-28-year-history-of-parliaments/1/409456.html|title=7th Lok Sabha youngest in India's 28-year history of parliaments 15021980|work=indiatoday.in|accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref> were among the three parliamentary couples in the entire country who were elected together to the [[7th Lok Sabha]]. She had a special interest in<ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/2908.htm|title=Members Bioprofile|work=47.132|accessdate=20 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170738/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/2908.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Upliftment of Women, [[Scheduled Caste]]s and [[Scheduled Tribe]]s and minority community and was also a member of All India Women's Council. Her<ref name="auto"/> political life stretched to over six decades.

==Death==
Sinha who had been admitted in a private hospital in Patna was making satisfactory recovery after the surgery but her condition suddenly worsened and she died on 19 December 2016, at the age of 91.<ref name="auto1"/> Her Patna residence witnessed a beeline of eminent politicians, cutting across party lines, who came to see her for one last time while paying floral tribute to her. Bihar Governor [[Ram Nath Kovind]], [[Nitish Kumar]], former [[List of Chief Ministers of Bihar|Chief Ministers of Bihar]] [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]], [[Jitan Ram Manjhi]], [[Jagannath Mishra]], BJP leaders [[Rajiv Pratap Rudy]], [[Mangal Pandey]], Sushil Kumar Modi and others, Congress leaders Ashok Choudhary, [[Subodh Kant Sahay]] and others, RJD leaders [[Shivanand Tiwari]], Ramchandra Purvey, Mundrika Singh Yadav and others, JD(U) ministers from the Cabinet were among many who visited her Patna home to pay their last respects.

==State funeral==
Bihar Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]], who was one of the many politicians to visit Kishori Sinha's residence on Boring Road,<ref name="auto1"/> announced her funeral with full state honors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ex-mp-kishori-sinha-dies-passes-away/1/838346.html|title=Ex-MP Kishori Sinha dies passes away|work=intoday.in|accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref> He also announced his decision to install a life-size statue of Mrs. Kishori Sinha next to the statue of her husband Satyendra Narayan Sinha at the ''Satyendra Narayan Sinha'' park (formerly Children's park) in Sri Krishna Puri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/S-K-Puri-park-to-be-named-after-former-CM-S-N-Sinha/articleshow/53056150.cms|title=S K Puri park to be named after former CM S N Sinha - Times of India|work=indiatimes.com|accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref>

==References and bibliography==

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
*''Mere Sansmaran'', an autobiography by Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha
* Anugrah Abhinandan Granth samiti. 1947 '' Anugrah Abhinandan Granth.'' [[Bihar]].
* Anugrah Narayan centenary year celebration Committee. 1987. '' Bihar Bibhuti : Vayakti Aur Kriti '', [[Bihar]].
* Bimal Prasad (editor). 1980. ''A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan.'' Oxford University Press, [[Delhi]].

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110703141413/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/2908.htm Kishori Sinha:Home Page on the Parliament of India's Website]
*[http://www.ptinews.com/news/8205800_Nitish--Lalu-pay-rich-tributes-to-Kishori-Sinha.html Nitish, Lalu pay tribute to Kishori Sinha]
*[http://patnadaily.com/index.php/news/12224-former-mp-and-social-activist-kishori-sinha-cremated-with-full-state-honors.html Kishori Sinha Cremated with Full State Honors]
*[http://www.livehindustan.com/news/patna/article1-Statue-of-Kishori-sinha-will-be-installed-in-patna-:-Nitish-636522.html Life size statue of Smt. Kishori Sinha to be installed in Patna -Nitish Kumar]
*[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/Kishori-Sinha-passes-away/article16909223.ece The Hindu national-Kishori Sinha passes away]
*[http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/guest-columns/247-dr-binoy-shanker-prasad/12242-from-kishori-sinha-to-rabri-devi-role-models-for-leadership.html#disqus_thread Guest Column-Kishori Sinha]
*[http://www.travelindia-guide.com/elections-indian-lok-sabha/election-results/bihar/vaishali.php Vaishali Loksabha Election Results]
*[http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/news/12222-kishori-sinha-wife-of-former-cm-s-n-sinha-is-no-more.html Kishori Sinha,wife of S.N. Sinha no more]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Kishori}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Women writers from Bihar]]
[[Category:7th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:8th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Indian socialists]]
[[Category:Politicians from Patna]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:People from Sitamarhi district]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:Women in Bihar politics]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Patna]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]

Satyendra Narayan Sinha

2021-11-13T03:52:07Z

2001:8F8:1E6D:B4E4:2D71:2360:E01E:1774:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{distinguish|Satya Narayan Sinha}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Satyendra Narayan Sinha
| nickname = Chhote Saheb, Satyendra Babu, SN Sinha
| image =
| imagesize = 231 px
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1917|7|12}}
| birth_place = [[Poiwan]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Bihar]], [[India]])
| residence = [[Sopan]], [[Patna]], Bihar
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2006|9|4|1917|7|12}}
| death_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| constituency = Aurangabad
| office = [[List of Chief Ministers of Bihar|19th Chief Minister of Bihar]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (1940–1969,1984–2006) [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|Indian National Congress-Organisation]] (1969–1977) [[Janata Party]] (1977–1984)
| term = 11 March 1989 - 6 December 1989
| predecessor = [[Bhagwat Jha Azad]]
| successor = Dr. [[Jagannath Mishra]]
| office2 = [[Education Minister|Education Minister of Bihar]]<ref name="Education Minister">{{cite web|url=http://education.nic.in/cd50years/g/12/1M/121M0101.htm |title=Ministers of Education |publisher=Central Advisory Board of Education |access-date=10 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013052/http://education.nic.in/cd50years/g/12/1M/121M0101.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 }}</ref>
| term_start3 = 18 February 1961
| term_end3 = 1 October 1963
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| term_start4 = 1 October 1963
| term_end4 = 5 March 1967
|1blankname4 = Chief Minister
|1namedata4 = [[Binodanand Jha]], [[K.B.Sahay]]
| predecessor4 = Acharya Badrinath Verma
| successor4 = [[Karpoori Thakur]]
| office5 = Ex President International Committee on Violations of Human Rights of Parliamentarians<ref name="lok_sabha_6373">{{cite web |url=http://164.100.24.208/debate14/debtext.asp?slno=6373&ser=&smode= |title=Lok Sabha Debates |access-date=10 July 2007}}</ref>
| term_start5 = 1977
| term_end5 = 1987
| office9 = [[Agriculture|Agriculture Minister of Bihar]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110703141530/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/1041.htm ]</ref>
| term_start9 = 18 February 1961
| term_end9 = 1 October 1963
| term_start10 = 1 October 1963
| term_end10 = 5 March 1967
|1blankname10 = Chief Minister
|1namedata10 = [[Binodanand Jha]], [[K.B.Sahay]]
| office6 = [[Parliament of India|Member of Provisional Parliament]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/facts.htm |title=Some Facts of Constituent Assembly |author= |publisher=Parliamentofindia.nic.in |access-date=22 December 2013}}</ref>
| salary6 =
| term_start6 = 26 January 1950
| term_end6 = 17 April 1952
| predecessor6 = Post Created
| successor6 = [[1st Lok Sabha]]
|1blankname6 = Prime Minister
|1namedata6 = [[Jawahar Lal Nehru]]
|2blankname6 = State
|2namedata6 = [[Bihar]]
| office7 = [[Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] for [[Aurangabad (Bihar) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]]
| salary7 =
| term_start7 = 1952
| term_end7 = 1961
| term_start8 = 1971
| term_end8 = 1989
| predecessor7 = Post Created
| successor7 = Ramesh Prasad Singh
| predecessor8 = Mudrika Singh
| successor8 = Ram Naresh Singh
| office12 = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]] for [[Nabinagar|Nabinagar (Aurangabad)]]
| salary12 =
| term_start12 = 1962
| term_end12 = 1967
| term_start13 = 1967
| term_end13 = 1969
| predecessor12 =
| successor12 =
| predecessor13 = Dr. Anugraha Narain Singh
| successor13 = Mahavir Pd. Akela
| office14 = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]] for [[Gopalganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gopalganj]]
| salary14 =
| term_start14 = 1961
| term_end14 = 1962
| predecessor14 = Kamala Rai.
Sinha won the seat in by-election.
| successor14 = [[Abdul Ghafoor (politician)|Abdul Ghafoor]]
| office11 = President, Bihar [[Janata Party]]
|1blankname11 = National President
|1namedata11 = [[Chandra Shekhar]]
| term_start11 = 1973
| term_end11 = 1984
| predecessor11= Post Created
| successor11 = None
| spouse = Smt. [[Kishori Sinha]]
| children = [[Nikhil Kumar]]
| alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]]
}}

'''Satyendra Narayan Sinha''' (12 July 1917 – 4 September 2006) was an Indian politician and statesman, participant in the [[Indian independence movement]], a leading<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/A-couple-of-mps/articleshow/15764678.cms|title=A couple of mps|first1=Lakshmi IyerLakshmi Iyer {{!}} Updated|last1=Dec 8|last2=2007|first3=02:53|last3=Ist|website=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref> light of [[Jayaprakash Narayan|Jaya Prakash Narayan]]'s ‘[[Bihar Movement|''complete revolution'']]’ movement during the [[Indian Emergency|Emergency]] and a former [[List of Chief Ministers of Bihar|Chief Minister of Bihar]].<ref name="ajphilip_tribune_gentleman">{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060907/edit.htm#8 |title=A gentleman among politicians |author=A.J. Philip |work=The Tribune |location=India |access-date=5 September 2006}}</ref> Affectionately called ''Chhote Saheb'', he was also a seven-time Member of Parliament from the [[Aurangabad District, Bihar|Aurangabad]] constituency, a three-term Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]], and a Member of the Bihar Legislative Council once. Regarded to be one of India's most influential regional people of the time, his reputation was synonymous with being a strict disciplinarian and tough taskmaster.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19890331-i-believe-in-participative-democracy-and-not-dictatorial-attitudes-satyendra-narain-sinha-815897-1989-03-31|title=I believe in participative democracy and not dictatorial attitudes: Satyendra Narain Sinha|first1=Prabhu Chawla|last1=March 31|first2=1989 ISSUE DATE|last2=March 31|first3=1989UPDATED|last3=October 23|first4=2013 12:22|last4=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref>

== Background ==
Sinha was born in an aristocratic political family in [[Poiwan]], [[Aurangabad District, Bihar|Aurangabad district]], Bihar. He belonged to the rajput caste.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=num2I4NFGqIC&q=satyendra+narayan+sinha+rajput&pg=PA32 | title=Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar | publisher=Anthem Press | date=2008 | access-date=6 January 2019 | author=Ashwani Kumar | page=32| isbn=9781843317098 }}</ref> His father was a nationalist leader, Dr. [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha]], who closely assisted [[Mahatma Gandhi]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170421030213/http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/when-gandhi-became-mahatma.html ]</ref> along with Dr.[[Rajendra Prasad]] in the [[Champaran Satyagraha]] movement,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/remembering-the-first-satyagraha-100-years-of-champaran/story-myCg143UxOQJYuxlSrAqEJ.html|title=Remembering the first Satyagraha: 100 years of Champaran|date=14 April 2017|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> the first satyagraha movement in the country and also served as the<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/DR.A.N.%20SINGH |title=First Bihar Deputy CM cum Finance Minister;Dr. A N Sinha |work=Indian Post |publisher=official Website |access-date=20 May 2008}}</ref> first [[List of Deputy Chief Ministers of Bihar|Deputy Chief Minister]] cum [[Finance Minister]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kamat.com/database/biographies/anugrah_narayan_sinha.htm |title=Biography: Anugrah Narayan Sinha |author=Kamat |publisher=Kamat's archive |access-date=25 June 2006}}</ref>

He spent his student years under the<ref name="SN Sinha-A Tribute">{{cite web |url=http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2963:s-n-sinha-a-tribute&catid=44:readers-write&Itemid=239 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715051816/http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2963:s-n-sinha-a-tribute&catid=44:readers-write&Itemid=239 |archive-date=15 July 2011 |title=SN Sinha -spent his student years under Lal Bahadur Shastri's (future PM) tutelage |publisher=PATNA DAILY OFFICIAL WEBSITE |access-date=11 March 2011}}</ref> tutelage of [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] at Allahabad. Brought up in a political environment, S. N. Sinha completed his bachelor's degree from [[Allahabad University]] and earned a degree in law from [[Lucknow University]]. He practised law at the Patna [[High Courts of India|High Court]], but left his job to join the [[Indian Independence movement]] and participated in the [[Quit India Movement]] in 1942. He organised Legal Aid Programmes for political prisoners during pre-Independence days.

== Political career ==
=== Provisional Parliament ===
After Independence he was elected to the provisional [[Parliament]] from [[Bihar]] in 1950. He was part of the young Turk brigade of the Indian National Congress party during the time of the first Prime Minister of India<ref name="SN Sinha-A Tribute" /> [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].

=== Bihar state politics ===
Satyendra Narayan Sinha was a prominent educationist, and served as the [[Education Minister]] of unified [[Bihar]] in the government headed by Chief Minister [[Pandit Binodanand Jha]] from 1961 to 1963, and again for two consecutive terms in the Cabinet of [[K. B. Sahay]] from 1963 to 1967.<ref name="Education Minister" /> He also a held a range of portfolios including Local Self Government and Agriculture. He is credited with streamlining the entire education system of the Bihar state. As the state education minister, he played an instrumental role in the establishment of [[Magadh University]] in [[Bodh Gaya]], in the year 1962. He occupied the second position<ref name="SN Sinha-A Tribute" /> (second-in-command) in the Cabinet and played the role of a ''de facto'' Chief Minister during the period 1961–1967 under the Governments headed by [[K. B. Sahay]] and Pandit Binodanand Jha. He had<ref name="SN Sinha-A Tribute" /> a unique political acumen to determine the electoral prospects of candidates in assembly election by just sitting at home in Patna.

=== The Kingmaker ===
S. N. Sinha also played a key role in the installations of Governments headed by chief ministers Krishana Ballabh Sahay, Satish Prasad Singh, B.P. Mandal, Sardar Harihar Singh, Bhola Paswan Shastri and Ram Sundar Das. He never<ref name="SN Sinha-A Tribute" /> hankered after power even when it was well within his reach. When [[Indira Gandhi]] became [[Prime Minister of India]] in 1966, she<ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sir-is-it-true-that-when-mrs-indira-gandhi-became-pm-in-1966-she-wanted-to-make-the-then-influential-bihar-education-minister-satyendra-narain-singh-the-chief-minister-of-bihar-&-sent-dinesh-singh-to-convey-her-desire-but-late-s-n-singh-denied-because-he-wanted-to-be-elected-and-not-selected-will-we-ever-see-such-principled-stand-from-todays-bihar-leaders-like-nitish-ramvilas-&-lalu/1/117023.html Sir, is it true that when Mrs Indira Gandhi became PM in 1966, she wanted to make the then influential Bihar Education Minister Satyendra Narain Singh the chief minister of Bihar & sent Dinesh Singh to convey her desire but Late S N Singh denied because he wanted to be elected and not 'selected'. Will we ever see such principled stand from today's Bihar leaders like Nitish, Ramvilas & Lalu? : ASK PRABHU, News - India Today]. ''India Today''.intoday.in (19 October 2010). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref> wanted him to become the next Chief Minister of Bihar and sent then External Affairs Minister Dinesh Singh to convey the proposal but he refused, since he did<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/readers-write/5659-s-n-sinha-a-tribute.html|title=S. N. Sinha - a Tribute - PatnaDaily|website=patnadaily.com}}</ref> not wished to unseat incumbent CM K B Sahay but wanted to be elected by the people of state.

=== Emergency era ===
[[File:Bihar CM unveils Satyendra Narain Sinha statue at Satyendra Narain Sinha Park in SK Puri.jpg|thumb|left|168px|[[List of Chief Ministers of Bihar|Bihar Chief Minister]] [[Nitish Kumar]] inaugurates S. N. Sinha's statue at ''Satyendra Narayan Sinha'' Park, Patna]]

The [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Indira Gandhi]], declared a [[state of emergency]] on 25 June 1975 due to internal political disturbances. Accordingly, all fundamental rights enjoyed in the [[Indian Constitution]] were suspended. Political dissidents, newspaper reporters, opposition leaders who opposed emergency were jailed. ''Chhote Saheb'', along with other prominent leaders, opposed this blatant misuse of state machinery. In 1977, during [[The Emergency (India)|the emergency in India]], he was made president of Bihar [[Janata Party]] and Chairman of State Election Committee.

{{quote box|align=right|width=20em|quote="''Chhote Saheb'', as he was popularly called, was an important political leader of Bihar, a distinguished Parliamentarian, and someone who had the interests of his state and people uppermost in his mind. During his long public life of over six decades, Sinha Ji made significant contributions in streamlining the education system of Bihar."|source= — [[Vice President]] of India [[Hamid Ansari]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=73161 |title=Vice President Delivers Satyendra Narayan Sinha Memorial Lecture |work=Vice President's Secretariat |date=12 July 2011 |access-date=29 July 2012 |author=PIB}}</ref>}}

He<ref name="Patna Daily">{{cite web |url=http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1768:chhote-saheb-an-era-comes-to-an-end&catid=44:readers-write&Itemid=187 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230234324/http://patnadaily.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1768:chhote-saheb-an-era-comes-to-an-end&catid=44:readers-write&Itemid=187 |archive-date=30 December 2010 |title=Chhote Saheb: Emergency era |work=Patna Daily |access-date=10 September 2006}}</ref> worked together with premier colleagues of Janata Party like [[Morarji Desai]], [[Chandra Shekhar Singh]], [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], [[Lal Krishna Advani]], [[Charan Singh]], [[Jagjivan Ram]], [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]], [[Madhu Limaye]], [[H. D. Deve Gowda]], [[Inder Kumar Gujral]], [[Raj Narain]], [[George Fernandes]] and [[Karpuri Thakur]] and the movement was a grand success in Bihar. He motivated the<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=73161 |title=Chhote Saheb |publisher=Press Information Bureau |access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> youth and students to take an active role in politics, and ensured their representation in political affairs. During, the Bihar legislative assembly election 1977, a massive<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SVu8CgAAQBAJ&q=janta+party+satyendra+narayan+sinha&pg=PT298|title=Ruled or Misruled: Story and Destiny of Bihar|first=Santosh|last=Singh|date=9 October 2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|via=Google Books|isbn=9789385436420}}</ref> crowd of youth leaders and activists used to converge at his residence.

Satyendra Narayan Sinha's political<ref name="Patna Daily" /> encouragement to the youths led to the emergence of then youth leaders of [[Janata Party]] like [[Raghuvansh Prasad Singh]], [[Nitish Kumar]], [[Ram Vilas Paswan]], [[Subodh Kant Sahay]], Kripanath Pathak, Ram Jatan Sinha, Jagdish Sharma, Thakur Muneshwar Nath Singh, Raghupati Singh and Narendra Singh. After the emergency was lifted on 21 March 1977, fresh general elections were held in India.

The Congress Party, led by Indira Gandhi suffered a defeat at the hands of the Janata Party coalition of several small parties created in 1977<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gort |first1=Jerald D. |last2=Jansen |first2=Henry |last3=Vroom |first3=H. M. |title=Religion, conflict and reconciliation: multifaith ideals and realities |isbn=978-90-420-1460-2 |year=2002 |publisher=Rodopi |page=246}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kesselman |first1=Mark |last2=Krieger |first2=Joel |last3=William A. |first3=Joseph |title=Introduction to Comparative Politics: Political Challenges and Changing Agendas |isbn=978-0-547-21629-4 |year=2009 |edition=5 |publisher=Cengage Learning |page=298}}</ref> and the alliance came to power, headed by [[Morarji Desai]], who became the first non-Congress [[Prime Minister of India]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1416/14160180.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021121061152/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1416/14160180.htm |archive-date=21 November 2002 |title=The Opposition and the Left |journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |first=E.M.S. |last=Namboodiripad |access-date=9 August 2010 |volume=14 |issue=16 |date=9–22 August 1997 |url-status=usurped |location=India}}</ref> In Bihar, the Janata Party won all<ref name="Patna Daily" /> the fifty-four [[Lok Sabha]] seats in 1977 general elections under the mentorship of [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] and rose to power in Bihar assembly too. He<ref name="SN Sinha-A Tribute" /> struck by the Janata Party and preferred to be in opposition although he would have been considered a prize catch by the Congress party.

=== Return to Congress ===

He quit the party following differences with the then party president<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Chhote-Saheb-dies/articleshow/1957039.cms |title=Chhote Saheb dies (He quit Janata party following differences with ex PM Chandrashekhar) |work=The Times of India |access-date=4 September 2006 |date=5 September 2006}}</ref> [[Chandra Shekhar Singh]] and returned to the Congress fold in 1984. The<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060907/edit.htm |title=A gentleman among politicians:The Tribune (Return of SN SINHA in Congress fold) |work=The Tribune |location=India |access-date=4 September 2006}}</ref> then Prime Minister of India [[Indira Gandhi]] came down to [[Patna]] to formally admit him back to the Congress party.

=== Chief Ministership ===
As the [[List of Chief Ministers of Bihar|Chief Minister of Bihar]], ''Chhote Saheb'' also held the portfolio of Education for the fourth term in his later years 1989–1990. In the same year, he conceived,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newsmartimportedstories/NTPC-Railways-to-link-for-Bihar-power-JV/Article1-203330.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605222020/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newsmartimportedstories/NTPC-Railways-to-link-for-Bihar-power-JV/Article1-203330.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 June 2011 |title=S N Sinha's brainchild NTPC project gets approval |work=Hindustan Times |location=India |access-date=23 February 2007}}</ref> the proposal to set up a NTPC's super thermal power project at Nabinagar in Bihar's Aurangabad district to then [[Prime Minister of India]] and Congress leader [[Rajiv Gandhi]]; but the project went into limbo as the following state governments failed to follow it. In 2007, Manmohan Singh's<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newsmartimportedstories/NTPC-Railways-to-link-for-Bihar-power-JV/Article1-203330.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605222020/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newsmartimportedstories/NTPC-Railways-to-link-for-Bihar-power-JV/Article1-203330.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 June 2011 |title=PM DR MANMOHAN SINGH APPROVES NTPC PROJECT IN BIHAR PROMISED BY THEN CM SN SINHA |work=Hindustan Times |location=India |access-date=23 February 2007}}</ref> government finally put a stamp of approval on it.

{{quote box|align=right|width=20em|quote="''I believe in participative democracy and not dictatorial attitudes''"|source= — Satyendra Narayan Sinha<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/i-believe-in-participative-democracy-and-not-dictatorial-attitudes-satyendra-narain-sinha/1/323250.html |title=India Today Official Website Archives |work=India Today Archives |date=31 March 1989 |access-date=16 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224111501/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/i-believe-in-participative-democracy-and-not-dictatorial-attitudes-satyendra-narain-sinha/1/323250.html |archive-date=24 December 2013 }}</ref>}}

{{quote box|align=right|width=20em|quote=" ''He was a great humanitarian and an educationist who changed the face of education in Bihar by his radical and innovative ideas that were far ahead of their time. The state owes a lot to him.''."|source= — [[Nitish Kumar]], [[Chief Minister of Bihar]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://patnadaily.com/index.php/news/11890-governor-unveils-statue-of-former-cm-s-n-sinha.html |title=Bihar Governor, Chief Minister Unveils SN Sinha Statue |work=Official Website Online patnadaily.com News |date=12 July 2016 |access-date=16 July 2016 |author=Patnadaily}}</ref>}}

He is also credited for the<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brandbihar.com/english/patna_planetarium.html |title=Patna Planetarium Bihar, Indira Gandhi Planetarium, Patna, Bihar, India |publisher=Brandbihar.com |access-date=22 December 2013}}</ref> establishment of the [[Indira Gandhi Planetarium]] cum Science Centre in [[Patna]]. Under his regime, Panchayati Raj system of governance was introduced in Bihar.

In his autobiography ''Meri Yaadein, Meri Bhoolein'', released by the then Bihar Governor Buta Singh in the presence of Defence Minister [[Pranab Mukherjee]] (also former [[President of India]]), He accused his state colleagues of "fanning" the [[1989 Bhagalpur violence]] to malign him, specifically mentioning his predecessor and former chief minister Bhagwat Jha Azad and the former speaker Shivchandra Jha. He didn't agree with the over-ruling of his order to transfer the then superintendent of police K S Dwivedi who had failed miserably to discharge his duties. The decision was not only an encroachment of the Constitutional right of the state government but also a step detrimental to ongoing efforts to ease tensions.<ref name="Cong fanned fire">{{cite news |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=51405 |title=Cong fanned fire, frenzy: Ex-CM |date=25 July 2005 |access-date=8 February 2013 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> When he stepped down from the post of Chief Minister of Bihar, [[Jagannath Mishra]] succeeded him. He recalled when he met [[Prime Minister]] [[Rajiv Gandhi]] later on, he informed him about the "role of some Congress leaders" in the riots. The Prime Minister expressed surprise and said "so, the riots were motivated!"<ref name="Cong fanned fire" />

=== Parliament of India ===
S. N. Sinha was elected as a Member of the [[First Lok Sabha|First]], [[Second Lok Sabha|Second]] and [[Fifth Lok Sabha|Fifth]] to [[Eighth Lok Sabha|Eighth]] [[Lok Sabha]]s from 1950 to 1961 and 1971—1989 representing Aurangabad parliamentary constituency of Bihar.<ref name="lok_sabha_6373" /> He retains the<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Chittorgarh-tag-sticks-to-Aurangabad-LS-constituency/articleshow/32097315.cms Chittorgarh tag sticks to Aurangabad LS constituency]. ''The Times of India''. (16 March 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref> record of maximum parliamentary election victories in Bihar, next only to the late [[Jagjivan Ram]].

He served as the Chairman of Committee on Estimates from 1977 to 1979. He was also a Member of the Committee on Finance from 1950 to 1952; Committee on Estimates from 1956 to 1958 and thereafter during 1985–1986 and the Committee on Public Undertakings during 1982–83. He was a well-known social activist, and served as the Assistant Secretary to the Bihar Provincial Committee of the Kasturba Gandhi National Memorial Fund and Secretary to the Bihar Provincial Committee of the Gandhi National Memorial Fund. He was also associated with a number of educational and social institutions in different capacities. He was member, Senate and Syndicate of [[Patna University]] from 1946 to 1960 and Bihar University from 1958 to 1960.<ref name="lok_sabha_6373" />

== International activities ==
A widely travelled person, S. N. Sinha attended Inter-Parliamentary Union Conference, Helsinki, [[Finland]] in 1955. He was the leader of the cultural delegation to Kabul on the occasion of ''Jasan'' in 1963.<ref name="lok_sabha_6373" /> He also led the Indian Parliamentary Delegation to the Spring Meetings of Inter-Parliamentary Council, [[Canberra]] in 1977 and also to its meeting at Lisbon in 1978. He was a member of the Indian Parliamentary Delegation to erstwhile USSR in 1976 and was elected a member of the Special Committee on Violations of Human Rights of Parliamentarians at Canberra in 1977 representing Asia.<ref name="lok_sabha_6373" /> He was also elected President of that committee (conferred upon the status of a [[Political union|Union]] [[Cabinet Minister]]) and served as its Chief from 1977 to 1988.<ref name="lok_sabha_6373" />

=== Posts held ===
S.N. Sinha held the following posts in his political career:<ref name="lok_sabha_6373" />
* 1946–1960: Member, Senate and Syndicate, [[Patna]] University
* 1948: Secretary, Bihar Provincial Committee of the Gandhi National Memorial Fund
* 1950 : Member, Provisional Parliament
* 1950–1952: Member, Committee on Finance
* 1952 : Elected to 1st [[Lok Sabha]]
* 1956–1958: Member, Committee on Estimates
* 1957: Re-elected to 2nd Lok Sabha (2nd term)
* 1958–1960: Member, Senate and Syndicate, Bihar University
* 1961–1963: Member, Bihar legislative assembly
* 1961–1962: State Cabinet Minister, Education, Bihar
* 1961–1962: State Cabinet Minister, Local Self Government (additional charge), Bihar
* 1963: Leader of the cultural delegation to [[Kabul]]
* 1962–1963: State Cabinet Minister, Education, Bihar
* 1962–1963: State Cabinet Minister, Local Self Government (additional charge), Bihar
* 1963–1967: Member, Bihar legislative assembly
* 1963–1967: State Cabinet Minister, Education, Bihar
* 1963–1967: State Cabinet Minister, Local Self Government (additional charge), Bihar
* 1963–1967: State Cabinet Minister, Agriculture (additional charge), Bihar
* 1967–1969: Member, Bihar legislative assembly
* 1969–1977: President, [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|Congress(O)]], Bihar
* 1971: Re-elected to 5th [[Lok Sabha]] (3rd term)
* 1976: Member, Indian Parliamentary Delegation to erstwhile USSR
* 1977–1980: President, [[Janata Party]], Bihar
* 1977: Re-elected to 6th Lok Sabha (4th term)
* 1977: Member, Special Committee on Violations of Human Rights for Parliamentarians
* 1977–1988: President (Status of Union [[Cabinet Minister]]), Special Committee on Violations of Human Rights for Parliamentarians
* 1977: Leader, Indian Parliamentary Delegation to the Spring Meetings of Inter-Parliamentary Council, Canberra
* 1978: Leader, Indian Parliamentary Delegation to the Spring Meetings of Inter-Parliamentary Council, Lisbon
* 1977–1979: Chairman, Committee on Estimates
* 1980: Re-elected to 7th Lok Sabha (5th term)
* 1982–1983: Member, Committee on Public Undertakings
* 1984: Re-elected to 8th Lok Sabha (6th term)
* 1985–1986: Member, Committee on Estimates
* 1989–1990: Member, Bihar legislative council
* 1989–1990: Chief Minister, Bihar

== Personal life ==
S. N. Sinha's wife [[Kishori Sinha]] is a former Member of Parliament from [[Vaishali District|Vaishali]], and his daughter-in-law Shyama Singh is a former Member of Parliament from Aurangabad. His son, [[Nikhil Kumar]], a former IPS official, has served as the<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rajbhavannagaland.gov.in/governor_15.html |title=Nagaland Governor|author=Official Website |publisher=Raj Bhavan |access-date=15 October 2015}}</ref> Governor of the Indian state of [[Nagaland]] and also as the Governor of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nikhil-kumar-sworn-in-as-governor-of-kerala/article4541690.ece|title=Nikhil Kumar sworn in as Governor of Kerala|date=23 March 2013|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

S. N. Sinha wrote his autobiography ''Meri Yadein: Meri Bhoolein'', which incorporates the experiences and perceptions of a leader of his eminence and stature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=51405 |title=Meri Yaadein, Meri bhoolein (My Memories, My Mistakes) released by Bihar Governor Buta Singh in the presence of Defence Minister Pranab Mukherjee |work=The Indian Express |publisher=Express India |access-date=10 December 2005}}</ref>

His official residence in Delhi,<ref name="telegraphindia.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040808/asp/opinion/story_3596401.asp |location=Calcutta, India |work=The Telegraph |title=Diary |date=8 August 2004}}</ref> 28 Akbar Road, had consistently won awards for being one of the best kept bungalows in the national capital. Its grand<ref name="telegraphindia.com" /> garden continually won awards at all Delhi's flower shows and was one of capital's landmark gardens.

==Criticism==
The Congress government led by Sinha is criticized for the lackadaisical approach towards the handling of <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/1989-bhagalpur-riots-inquiry-report-blames-congress-police-287082-2015-08-07|title=1989 Bhagalpur riots: Inquiry report blames Congress, police}}</ref> the [[1989 Bhagalpur violence]]. The N.N Singh Committee report tabled in the Bihar legislative assembly held the government responsible for taking no action and the police showing complete inactivity during one of the biggest instances of human rights violations in Bihar, which led to the displacement of over 50,000 Muslims. The riots are said to have claimed the lives of thousands of Muslims, mostly poor weavers, while the police and Congress administration under Sinha took no action.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/1989-bhagalpur-riots-inquiry-report-blames-congress-police-287082-2015-08-07|title=bhagalpur-riots-inquiry-report-blames-congress-police|website=[[India Today]]|access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref>

== Commemoration ==
The inaugural<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/VP-to-chair-Sinha-Memorial-Lecture-tomorrow/articleshow/9178955.cms|title=VP to chair Sinha Memorial Lecture tomorrow - Patna News - Times of India|first1=TNN {{!}} Updated|last1=Jul 11|last2=2011|first3=2:41|last3=Ist|website=The Times of India}}</ref> lecture of the annual Satyendra Narayan Sinha Memorial Lecture Series was<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=73161 |title=VP delivers inaugural SN Sinha memorial lecture|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India |access-date=12 July 2011}}</ref> delivered by [[Vice-President of India]] Shri [[Hamid Ansari]] in Patna. In 2014, the then Bihar [[Chief Minister of Bihar|CM]] announced to rename Magadh University of which<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highereducationinindia.com/universities/magadh-university.php|title=Magadh University Bodh Gaya - Courses, Admissions, Exams & Results|website=highereducationinindia.com}}</ref> Late Sinha was the founder as<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/fresh-in-memory-card-lost-in-report-govt-silent-on-ambitious-ganga-driveway-private-university-progress/cid/295778|title=Fresh in memory card, lost in report - Govt silent on ambitious Ganga driveway, private university progress|website=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota}}</ref> Satyendra Narayan Sinha Magadh University. The<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Unlike-BJP-leaders-my-DNA-carries-values-says-Nitish/articleshow/48382562.cms|title=Unlike BJP leaders, my DNA carries values, says Nitish - Patna News - Times of India|first1=Madhuri Kumar {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated|last1=Aug 7|last2=2015|first3=2:43|last3=Ist|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Children's Park in the capital Patna has now been rechristened as Satyendra Narayan Sinha Park and the foundation for installing a life-size statue of former Bihar CM was laid by [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]] Shri [[Nitish Kumar]] at a state function in 2015.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
* ''Mere Sansmaran'', an autobiography by Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha
* Anugrah Abhinandan Granth samiti. 1947 '' Anugrah Abhinandan Granth.'' [[Bihar]].
* Anugrah Narayan centenary year celebration Committee. 1987. '' Bihar Bibhuti : Vayakti Aur Kriti '', [[Bihar]].
* Bimal Prasad (editor). 1980. ''A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan.'' Oxford University Press, [[Delhi]].

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Bhagwat Jha Azad]]|
title=[[Chief Minister of Bihar]]|
years=1989–1990|
after=[[Jagannath Mishra]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Chief Ministers of Bihar|Satyendra Narayan Sinha=Satyendra Narayan Sinha}}{{Bihar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Satyendra Narayan}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:1st Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:2nd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:5th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:6th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:7th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:8th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress (Organisation) politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Aurangabad district, Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Gaya district]]
[[Category:People from Gaya, India]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]

Nethra Raghuraman

2021-11-12T21:09:30Z

2001:8F8:1E6D:B4E4:2D71:2360:E01E:1774:

{{short description|Indian actress and model}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nethra Raghuraman
| image =Nethra Raghuraman graces the launch of Olive's new menu.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Nethra Raghuraman graces the launch of Olive's new menu
| spouse = Kunal Guha (2011–present)
| occupation = [[Actor|Actress]], [[Model (person)|Model]]
| yearsactive = 1997–2016
}}
'''Nethra Raghuraman''' is an Indian actress and model. She has been selected as [[Femina Look of the Year|Look of the Year]] contest winner for [[Femina (India)|Femina magazine]] in 1997.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Rajwade
| first = Gayatri
| title = Model lives
| newspaper = The Tribune
| location = Chandigarh, India
| publisher = The Tribune Trust
| date = 2005-11-13
| url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051111/jplus.htm
| access-date = 2010-01-16}}</ref> She also won the [[Star Screen Award for Most Promising Newcomer - Female|Best female newcomer]] title at [[Star Screen Awards]] in 2000.<ref>{{Cite news
|title = Personal agenda
|newspaper = The Hindustan Times
|location = Delhi, India
|publisher = HT Media Limited
|date = 2009-11-28
|url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/Personal-agenda-Nethra-Raghuraman/H1-Article1-481133.aspx
|access-date = 2010-01-16
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110605002452/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Personal-agenda-Nethra-Raghuraman/H1-Article1-481133.aspx
|archive-date = 2011-06-05
}}</ref> Her most notable films include ''[[Thakshak]]'' by [[Govind Nihalani]] and ''Bhopal Express'', a David Lynch presentation. Raghuraman has appeared in music videos, and she was the winner of the TV show ''[[Fear Factor - Khatron Ke Khiladi|Khataron Ke Khiladi]]''.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Rao
| first = Ashok
| title = Nethra Is The Winner Of 'Khatron Ke Khiladi' On Colors
| work = Top News
| date = 2008-08-18
| url = http://www.topnews.in/nethra-winner-khatron-ke-khiladi-colors-259890
| access-date = 2010-01-16}}</ref>

==Personal life==
She was born into a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[iyer]] [[brahmin]] family <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rediff On The Net, Movies: Meet Nethra Raghuraman, Supermodel and Bollywood wannabe|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/1999/nov/12nethra.htm|access-date=2021-08-14|website=m.rediff.com}}</ref> Nethra married Singapore-based businessman, Kunal Guha, son of Indian cricketer [[Subrata Guha]], in late 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Two weddings, and one story|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120304/jsp/7days/story_15209338.jsp|access-date=6 March 2014|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=4 March 2012|author= Pradhan,Bharati S. }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
|1999
| ''[[Thakshak]]''<ref>[http://www.chakpak.com/celebrity/nethra-raghuraman/18155 Nethra Raghuraman] on chakpak</ref>
| Nishi
|
|-
|1999
|''[[Bhopal Express (film)|Bhopal Express]]''
|Tara
|
|-
|2001
|''Avgat''
| Sudha
|
|-
|2001
| ''[[Majunu]]''
| Special appearance in the song "Mercury Mele"
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film
|-
|2004
|''Inteqam - The Perfect Game''
| Dr.Mehak
|
|-
|2004
|''[[Chot- Aj Isko, Kal Tereko]]''
|Inspector Malti Desai
|
|-
|2005
|''Tum... Ho Na!''
| Anjali J. Walia
|
|-
|2006
|''Husn - Love and Betrayal''
| Trisha
|
|-
|2016
|''Bhagya Na Jaane Koi'
| Bhudiya
|
|-
|}

==Television==
*2008 - ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi#Season 1|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 1]]'' as Winner
*1999 - ''[[Captain Vyom]]'' as Naina

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|706497}}

{{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}
{{ScreenAwardBestFemaleDebut}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raghuraman, Nethra}}
[[Category:Female models of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Actresses in Gujarati cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi participants]]

{{India-film-bio-stub}}