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Harkat-ul-Mujahideen

2022-12-12T21:43:24Z

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{{Short description|Islamist militant group}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox militant organization
|name= Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
|native_name=
|native_name_lang=
|war=
|image=Flag of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.svg
|caption= Flag of Harakat-ul-Mujahideen
|active=1985–present
|ideology= [[Islamism]], [[jihadism]]
|leaders=[[Sajjad Afghani]] [[Fazlur Rehman Khalil]]
|clans=
|headquarters=[[Pakistan]]
|area=
|strength=
|partof=[[United Jihad Council]]<ref name="map">[http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/maps/view/pak Pakistan]. ''Mapping Militants''. [[Stanford University]].</ref>
|previous=
|next=
|allies='''State allies''' 
*[[File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg|21px]] [[Pakistan]]<ref>[http://www.cdi.org/program/document.cfm?DocumentID=2374&from_page=../index.cfm In the Spotlight: Harkat ul-Jihad-I-Islami (HuJI)]''Center for Defense Information'' 16 August 2004 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311124005/http://www.cdi.org/program/document.cfm?DocumentID=2374&from_page=..%2Findex.cfm |date=11 March 2009 }}</ref>
'''Non-state allies''' 
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]]<ref name=cellphone>{{cite news|title=Seized Cellphone Offers Clues To Bin Laden's Pakistani Links|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/asia/24pakistan.html?pagewanted=1&hp|access-date=24 June 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=24 June 2011|author=Carlotta Gall|author2=Pir Zubair Shah|author3=Eric Schmitt}}</ref>
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba.svg}} [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
*{{flagicon image|Jaishi-e-Mohammed.svg}} [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind]]
*[[Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent]]
*[[Harkat-ul-Jihadi al-Islami]]
|opponents= [[File:Flag_of_India.svg|22px]] [[India]]
|battles= [[Soviet-Afghan war]]
[[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]
|url=
|status=Designated as a terrorist group by
*{{BHR}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=12342&language=en-US |title=Bahrain Terrorist List (individuals – entities) |publisher=Mofa.gov.bh |date=2014-02-13 |access-date=2020-07-24}}</ref>
*{{flag|Canada}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx|title=About the listing process|publisher=Public Safety Canada|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref>
*{{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref>{{cite act |title=[[Terrorism Act 2000]] |number=11 |year=2000 |article=2 |articletype=Schedule |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2}}</ref>
*{{flag|United States}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2011/195553.htm|title=Country Reports on Terrorism 2011 Chapter 6. Foreign Terrorist Organizations|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>
*[[File:Flag_of_India.svg|22px]] [[India]]<ref name="MHA_BanList">{{cite web|title=List of Banned Organisations|url=https://mha.gov.in/banned-organisations|website=Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI|publisher=Government of India|access-date=3 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503233101/https://mha.gov.in/banned-organisations |archive-date= 3 May 2018}}</ref>
}}

'''Harkat-ul-Mujahideen- al-Islami''' ({{lang-ur|{{nq|حرکت المجاہدین الاسلامی}}}}; {{small|abbreviated}} '''HUM''') is a [[Pakistan]]-based Islamic jihad group operating primarily in [[Kashmir]].<ref name="Indictment of John Walker Lindh">[http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/lindhindictment.htm Indictment of John Walker Lindh] ''American Rhetoric'' February, 2002</ref> The group have been considered as having links to [[Osama bin Laden]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. 

the group has been designated as a [[terrorist organization]] by Bahrain, the United Nations, the United Kingdom and the United States. In response the organization changed its name to Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.<ref name="Indictment of John Walker Lindh"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/37191.htm |title=United States State Department |publisher=2001-2009.state.gov |access-date=2020-07-24}}</ref><ref name='satp'>{{cite web | url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/harkatul_mujahideen.htm | title = Harkat-ul-Mujahideen | access-date = 2011-06-24 | publisher = South Asia Terrorism Portal}}</ref> The group splintered from [[Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami]] (HuJI), a Pakistani group formed in 1980 to fight the Soviet military in Afghanistan.<ref>[http://www.cdi.org/program/document.cfm?DocumentID=2374&from_page=../index.cfm In the Spotlight: Harkat ul-Jihad-I-Islami (HuJI)]''Center for Defense Information'' 16 August 2004 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311124005/http://www.cdi.org/program/document.cfm?DocumentID=2374&from_page=..%2Findex.cfm |date=11 March 2009 }}</ref> The [[Government of India]] has declared and banned HuM as a jihad organisation.<ref name="MHA_BanList">{{cite web|title=List of Banned Organisations|url=https://mha.gov.in/banned-organisations|website=Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI|publisher=Government of India|access-date=3 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503233101/https://mha.gov.in/banned-organisations |archive-date= 3 May 2018}}</ref>

==Post Soviet–Afghan War==
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen was originally formed as a splinter group of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami in 1985.<ref name='satp'/> In 1989, at the end of [[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet–Afghan war]], the group entered [[Kashmir]]i politics by use of militants under the leadership of [[Sajjad Afghani]] and Muzaffar Ahmad Baba Alias Mukhtar. In 1993 the group [[wikt:merge|merged]] with Harkat-ul-Jehad-al-Islami to form [[Harkat-ul-Ansar]].<ref name='satp'/>

Immediately following the merger [[India]] arrested three senior members: [[Nasrullah Mansur Langaryal]], chief of the former Harkat-ul Mujahideen in November 1993; Maulana Masood Azhar, General Secretary in February 1994, and Sajjad Afghani (Sajjad Sajid) in the same month in [[Srinagar]]. Muzaffar Ahmad Baba was killed in an encounter at Pandan Nowhatta with the [[Border Security Force|BSF]] in January 1994.{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}}

As a response the group carried out several [[kidnapping]]s in an attempt to free their leaders, all of which failed. It was linked to the Kashmiri group [[al-Faran]] that kidnapped five Western tourists in Kashmir in July 1995; one, [[Hans Christian Ostrø]], was killed in August 1995 and the other four reportedly were killed in December of the same year.

In 1997, the [[United States]] designated Harkat-ul-Ansar as a terrorist organization, and in response it renamed itself to Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.<ref name='satp'/>

In 1999, Sajjad was killed during a jailbreak which led to the hijacking, by the group, of [[Indian Airlines Flight 814]] in December, which led to the release of [[Maulana Masood Azhar]], [[Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh]] and [[Mushtaq Ahmed Zargar]] by the Indian Government. Azhar did not, however, return to the HUM, choosing instead to form the [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] (JEM), a rival militant group expressing a more radical line than the HUM, in early 2000.

==Post 9/11 attacks==
The group again came to the attention of the US after the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|9/11 attacks]], leading President [[George W. Bush]] to ban the group, this time under its Harkat-ul-Mujahideen moniker, on 25 September 2001.<ref name='satp'/>

The long-time leader of the group, [[Fazlur Rehman Khalil]], in mid-February 2000 stepped down as HUM ''emir'', turning the reins over to the popular Kashmiri commander and his second-in-command, Farooq Kashmiri. Khalil assumed the position of HUM Secretary General.

HUM is thought to have several thousand armed supporters located in Pakistani Kashmir, and India's southern Kashmir and Doda regions. It uses light and heavy machine guns, assault rifles, mortars, explosives, and rockets. HUM lost some of its membership due to defections to the Jaish-e-Mohammed.

The group is based in [[Muzaffarabad]], [[Rawalpindi]], and several other towns in Pakistan and Afghanistan, but members conduct insurgent and terrorist activities primarily in Kashmir.

The group's current leader, Fazlur Rehman Khalil, lives openly in the [[Islamabad]] suburb of [[Golra Sharif]]. He has denied having any contact with Osama bin Laden.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2011/06/16/terror-leader-lives-freely-near-pakistani-capital.html Terror leader lives freely near Pakistani capital], ''[[Dawn (newspaper)]]'', 16 June 2011</ref>

According to ''The New York Times'', Osama Bin Laden's seized cellphones attest Harkat-ul-Mujahideen's continued contact with Osama Bin Laden and its bases and fighters shared with the [[Taliban]] over the years following the [[war in Afghanistan (2001–present)|war in Afghanistan]].<ref name=cellphone>{{cite news|title=Seized Cellphone Offers Clues To Bin Laden's Pakistani Links|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/asia/24pakistan.html?pagewanted=1&hp|access-date=24 June 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=24 June 2011|author=Carlotta Gall|author2=Pir Zubair Shah|author3=Eric Schmitt}}</ref>

==Designation as terrorist organization==

The countries and organizations below have officially listed the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM) as a terrorist organization.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|Country
|Date
|References
|-
|{{BHR}}
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=12342&language=en-US |title=Bahrain Terrorist List (individuals – entities) |publisher=Mofa.gov.bh |date=2014-02-13 |access-date=2020-07-24}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}
|27 November 2002
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx|title=About the listing process|publisher=Public Safety Canada|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx|title=NIA :: Banned Terrorist Organisations|access-date=1 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110115355/http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx|archive-date=10 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|14 October 2005
|<ref>{{cite act |title=[[Terrorism Act 2000]] |number=11 |year=2000 |article=2 |articletype=Schedule |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2011/195553.htm|title=Country Reports on Terrorism 2011 Chapter 6. Foreign Terrorist Organizations|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>
|}

==Harkat ul-Ansar==
{{Redirect|Harakat al-Ansar|former Baloch jihadist group also known as “Harakat al-Ansar”|Harakat Ansar Iran}}
'''Harkat ul-Ansar''' ('''HuA''') was an [[Islam]]ic terrorist organization founded by [[Abdelkader Mokhtari]] in 1993. It was the result of a merger between Harkat-ul-Mujahideen and [[Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami]] (HuJI). Many of its operations were conducted in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name=satp-hua>{{cite web
| title = Harkat ul-Ansar
| publisher = South Asia Terrorism Portal
| date = 2001
| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/harkat_ul_ansar_or_harkat_ul_jehad_e_islami.htm
| access-date = 2009-02-04}}</ref><ref name=rediff1999>{{cite news
| last = Sahni
| first = Sati
| title = Who are the Harkat-ul-Ansar?
| publisher = Rediff
| date = 1999
| url = http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/dec/31harkat.htm
| access-date = 2009-02-04}}</ref>

Soon after its founding, several members of its leadership were arrested by [[Indian Security Forces]]. In November 1993, the former head of HuM, Nasrullah Mansur Langrayal, was arrested.{{Citation needed|date=February 2009}} In February 1994, the HuA general secretary, [[Maulana Masood Azhar]] and chief commander, [[Sajjad Afghani]], were captured in the Chattargul area of [[Anantnag district]].<ref name=rediff1999/>

It was labeled a terrorist organization in 1997 by the [[United States]] because of its connections with [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] terrorist [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref name=satp-hua/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1123996|title= US puts Harakat and its affiliates on terror list|access-date=8 August 2014|publisher=Dawn news}}</ref> The ban severely limited the funding of the group, and as a result HuA was reorganized as a reincarnated Harkat-ul-Mujahideen. At the time, Azhar split from the group to form [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]].<ref name=satp-hua/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/Recast-Harkat-ul-Ansar-stoking-anti-India-sentiments-in-Kashmir/articleshow/19206329.cms|title=Recast Harkat-ul-Ansar stoking anti-India sentiments in Kashmir|access-date=26 May 2013|publisher=Times of India}}</ref> In 1998, U.S.'s [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) in its report stated, "HuA, an Islamic terrorist organisation that Pakistan supports in its proxy war against Indian forces in Kashmir, increasingly is using terrorist tactics against Westerners and random attacks on civilians that could involve Westerners to promote its pan-Islamic agenda." CIA also stated that Hua had abducted at least 13 persons, of which 12 were from western countries in the period from early 1994 to 1998.<ref name="The Hindu India fortifying">{{cite news |title=India fortifying case to put Jaish on ban list |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/india-fortifying-case-to-put-jaish-on-ban-list/article26426600.ece |access-date=14 March 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=4 March 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Afridi's cousin">{{cite news |title=Afridi's cousin killed in J&K: BSF |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/sep/12jk.htm |access-date=14 March 2019 |work=rediff.com |date=12 September 2003}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Deobandi organisations]]
*[[1995 kidnapping of Western tourists in Kashmir]]
*[[Ansar Al-Mujahideen]]
*[[Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami]]
*[[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kashmir separatist movement}}
{{Terror outfits}}

[[Category:Jihadist groups in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jihadist groups in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States]]
[[Category:Groups affiliated with al-Qaeda]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Canada]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Bahrain]]

Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami

2022-12-09T20:19:15Z

2001:8F8:1335:23E9:B9E2:2989:D83:B55C:

{{Short description|Pakistani Islamic fundamentalist Jihadist organisation}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox militant organization
| image = Flag of Jihad.svg
| caption = [[Jihadist flag]]
| founders = [[Fazlur Rehman Khalil]] [[Qari Saifullah Akhtar]]
| leader = [[Ilyas Kashmiri (militant)|Ilyas Kashmiri]]{{KIA}} Shah Sahib
| ideology = [[Islamism]] [[Islamic fundamentalism]]
| active = 1985–present
| battles = [[Soviet–Afghan War]] [[Kashmir insurgency]] [[Internal conflict in Bangladesh]] [[Bangladesh drug war]] [[Afghan War (2001–2021)]]
| status = Active
| designated_as_terror_group_by = *{{flag|Bangladesh}}
*{{flag|India}}
*{{flag|Israel}}
*{{flag|New Zealand}}
*{{nobr|{{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]}}
*{{flag|United States}}
| size = >400 (claimed)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2015/257523.htm|title=Chapter 6. Foreign Terrorist Organizations|website=state.gov|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref>
| successor =
| allies = {{ubl|[[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]]|[[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]|[[Haqqani Network]]|[[Asian Tigers (militant group)|Asian Tigers]]|[[Indian Mujahideen]]<ref>[https://www.start.umd.edu/baad/database/indian-mujahideen-2012 Indian Mujahideen]. [[Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism]].</ref>}}
}}
'''Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami''' ({{lang-ar|حركة الجهاد الإسلامي}}, ''Ḥarkat al-Jihād al-Islāmiyah'', meaning "Islamic Jihad Movement", '''HuJI''') is a [[Pakistani]] [[Islamic fundamentalism|Islamic fundamentalist]] [[Jihad|Jihadist]] organisation affiliated with [[Al-Qaeda]] and [[Taliban]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Hussain |first=Zahid |year=2007 |title=Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=52 |isbn=978-0-231-14224-3 |quote=The first Pakistani jihadist group emerged in 1980 ... By 2002, Pakistan had become home to 24 militant groups ... among them were LeT, JeM, Harakat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM) and Harkat-al-Jihad-al-Islami (HJI). All these paramilitary groups, originally from the same source, had similar motivations and goals ... HuM and HJI were both strongly linked with the Taliban.}}</ref><ref>[http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/maps/view/pak Pakistan – ''Mapping Militants'']. [[Stanford University]].</ref>

Designated as terrorist group by some nations most active in South Asian countries of [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[India]] since the early 1990s. It was banned in Bangladesh in 2005.

The operational commander of HuJI, [[Ilyas Kashmiri (militant)|Ilyas Kashmiri]], was killed in a US [[drone strike]] in South Waziristan on 4 June 2011.<ref>{{cite news |author=M Ilyas Khan |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13653324 |title=US strike 'kills' key Pakistan militant Ilyas Kashmiri |work=BBC News |date=4 June 2011 |access-date=8 November 2011}}</ref> He was linked to the [[2010 Pune bombing|13 February 2010 bombing of a German bakery in Pune]]. A statement was released soon after the attack which claimed to be from Kashmiri; it threatened other cities and major sporting events in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/LB13Df03.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219231349/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/LB13Df03.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=19 February 2010 |title=Asia Times Online :: South Asia news, business and economy from India and Pakistan|work=Asia Times |date=13 February 2010 |access-date=8 November 2011}}</ref> A local Taliban commander named Shah Sahib was named as Kashmiri's successor.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 August 2011 |title=Shah Sahib new chief of 313 Brigade |url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/08/shah-sahib-new-chief-of-313-brigade/ |newspaper=Pakistan Today |access-date=7 March 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==History==
HuJI or HJI was formed in 1984, during the [[Soviet–Afghan War]], by [[Fazlur Rehman Khalil]] and [[Qari Saifullah Akhtar]]. Khalil later broke away to form his own group, [[Harkat-ul-Ansar]] (HuA), which became the most feared militant organisation in Kashmir.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hussain |first=Zahid |year=2007 |title=Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=71 |isbn=978-0-231-14224-3 |quote=In 1984 Khalil, along with another militant leader Saifullah Akhtar, founded Harkat-al-Jihad-al-Islami (HJI) ... A few years later he broke away to form his own group, Harkat-ul-Ansar (HuA). By 1990, HuA had emerged as one of the most feared militant groups fighting in Kashmir.}}</ref> This group would later re-form as [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]] (HuM), when HuA was banned by the United States in 1997.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hussain |first=Zahid |year=2007 |title=Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=72 |isbn=978-0-231-14224-3 |quote=HuA was one of the groups on the [1997 list of terrorist organizations]. After being blacklisted by the US administration it resurfaced under a new banner, HuM.}}</ref>

HuJI first limited its operations in Afghanistan to defeat the Communists, but after the Soviets retreated, the organisation exported jihad to the Indian state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. HuJI's influence expanded into Bangladesh when the [[Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami Bangladesh|Bangladesh unit]] was established in 1992, with direct assistance from [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref name="Asia Times article">Sudha Ramachandran. [https://web.archive.o=rg/web/20041213084809/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/FL10Df06.html 'PART 2: Behind the Harkat-ul Jihad al-Islami'] ''Asia Times Online'', 10 December 2004</ref>

==Ideology==
The organisation along with other jihadists groups such as [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]], [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]], [[Al-Qaeda]] & [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] had similar motivations and goals.Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami and [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]] were both strongly backed by the [[Taliban]] & therefore the group professed [[Taliban]]-style [[Islamic fundamentalism|fundamentalist Islam]] The organisation aims to spread [[Islamism|Radical Islamist ideology]] to liberate the [[Kashmir]], [[Afghanistan]], [[State of Palestine|Palestine]] & the rest of Islamic lands from the clutches of the enemies of [[Islam]] & enforce [[Sharia law]] in [[Muslim]] majority areas.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hussain |first=Zahid |year=2007 |title=Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=52 |isbn=978-0-231-14224-3 |quote=The first Pakistani jihadist group emerged in 1980 ... By 2002, Pakistan had become home to 24 militant groups ... among them were LeT, JeM, Harakat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM) and Harkat-al-Jihad-al-Islami (HJI). All these paramilitary groups, originally from the same source, had similar motivations and goals ... HuM and HJI were both strongly linked with the Taliban.}}</ref>

==Activities in Bangladesh==
In the 1990s, the training for these recruits was given in the hilly areas of [[Chittagong]] and [[Cox's Bazar]].<ref name="Asia Times article"/><ref>John Wilson. [http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2369092 'The Roots of Extremism in Bangladesh'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016202622/http://jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2369092 |date=16 October 2006}} ''Terrorism Monitor'', January 2005 issue, published by the ''Jamestown Foundation''</ref>
Later on, members of the group made an attempt on the life of [[Shamsur Rahman (poet)|Shamsur Rahman]], the liberal poet in January 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/19/obituaries/19rahman.html?_r=1&oref=slogin|title=Shamsur Rahman, Bangladeshi Poet, Dies|work=The New York Times|date=19 August 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423154021/http://www.nytimes.com/glogin?URI=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F08%2F19%2Fobituaries%2F19rahman.html&OQ=_rQ3D2Q26orefQ3Dslogin&OP=692a7388Q2FQ2AsE%2CQ2AQ60Q3DYgjQ3DQ3DipQ2ApttQ51Q2AtxQ2AUZQ2AQ3D%2CBikAjBEgQ2AUZjAJQ5CA2dJiQ5C6|archive-date=23 April 2009|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|access-date=22 February 2017}}</ref> HuJi claimed responsibility for the [[2001 Ramna Batamul bombings]], which killed 10 people. A member of the suicide squad of HuJi also died. Committed to establishing an Islamic rule,<ref>Sudha Ramachandran. [http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=334&language_id=1 'The Threat of Islamic Extremism to Bangladesh'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061106000627/http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=334&language_id=1 |date=6 November 2006}} ''PINR – Power and Interest News Report'', 27 July 2005</ref> HuJI was the prime suspect in a scheme to assassinate the [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]] [[Sheikh Hasina]] in the year 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/assassination-attempt-hasina-ten-huji-men-get-death-shooting-1451581|title=Assassination Attempt on Hasina: Ten Huji men get death by shooting|date=21 August 2017|work=The Daily Star|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822094048/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/assassination-attempt-hasina-ten-huji-men-get-death-shooting-1451581|archive-date=22 August 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In October 2005, it was officially banned by the government of Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/bengali/huji-arrests-12082016145943.html|title=Bangladesh Nabs Five Suspected HuJI Militants|date=8 December 2016|work=Benar News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209164312/https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/bengali/huji-arrests-12082016145943.html|archive-date=9 December 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The group has been condemned by [[Islamist]] groups such as the [[Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.thereport24.com/article/12764/index.html|title=Al Qaeda won't gain ground in Bangladesh: Politicians|last=Azam|first=Kawsar|date=4 September 2014|newspaper=English24.com|access-date=17 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118052106/http://english.thereport24.com/article/12764/index.html|archive-date=18 January 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imrcusa.org/condemnation-continues-to-pour-from-all-corners-against-al-qaeda-establishment-in-south-asia/|title=Condemnation continues to pour from all corners against Al-Qaeda establishment in South Asia|last=Mirsab|first=A|date=7 September 2014|website=Indian Muslim Relief and Charities|publisher=Indian Muslim Relief and Charities|access-date=17 January 2017}}</ref>

==Activities in India==
[[Government of India]] has declared and banned it as a terrorist organisation.<ref name="MHA_BanList">{{cite web|title=List of Banned Organisations|url=https://mha.gov.in/banned-organisations|website=Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI|publisher=Government of India|access-date=3 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503233101/https://mha.gov.in/banned-organisations |archive-date=3 May 2018}}</ref>
In April 2006, the state police [[Special Task Force (India)|Special Task Force]] in India uncovered a plot by six HuJI terrorists, including the mastermind behind the [[2006 Varanasi bombings]], involving the destruction of two [[Hindu]] temples in the Indian city of [[Varanasi]]. Maps of their plans were recovered during their arrest. Huji has claimed responsibility for blasts at the [[Delhi High Court]] which claimed the lives of 10 and injured around 60.<ref>{{cite web|author=Web18 |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/explosion-outside-delhi-high-court-several-injured-77954.html |title=NIA team of 20 to probe Delhi blast |publisher=Firstpost |date=7 September 2011 |access-date=8 November 2011}}</ref> [[Vikar Ahmed]], a member of an [[Islamist]] group, and connected to HuJI, has been accused of murdering police officers in Hyderabad. He is also a suspect in the [[Mecca Masjid bombing]].<ref>[http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/andhra/data_sheets/islamistex.htm Islamist extremism related incidents in Andhra Pradesh since 2007] South Asia Terrorism Portal</ref>

Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami has claimed responsibility for the [[2011 Delhi bombing]]. However, this has not been confirmed by the [[National Investigation Agency]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/9-dead-47-injured-in-Delhi-High-Court-blast-Chidambaram/Article1-742586.aspx |title=11 dead, 76 injured in terror strike |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 September 2011 |access-date=8 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023003033/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/9-dead-47-injured-in-Delhi-High-Court-blast-Chidambaram/Article1-742586.aspx |archive-date=23 October 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Vishwa Mohan|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-07/india/30122504_1_huji-harkat-ul-jihad-delhi-high-court |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106104413/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-07/india/30122504_1_huji-harkat-ul-jihad-delhi-high-court |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 November 2012 |title=HuJI claims responsibility for Delhi high court blast|date=7 September 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 November 2011}}</ref>

14 people were killed and 94 people were injured in the bomb blast. Police have released two sketches of the suspects.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-07/delhi/30122233_1_delhi-high-court-bomb-explosion-car-bomb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106234214/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-07/delhi/30122233_1_delhi-high-court-bomb-explosion-car-bomb|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 November 2011|title=Briefcase bomb at Delhi high court kills 11, injures 62|agency=TNN|date=7 September 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Here is the Embedded video link for this latest attack. This link has English news video clip.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ppRvSD0D9g |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/6ppRvSD0D9g |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Another e-mail claims responsibility for Delhi blasts |publisher=YouTube |date=9 September 2011 |access-date=8 November 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> This is in Hindi Language.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53dmT_j3oh0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/53dmT_j3oh0 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Delhi Police Releases Sketches of Two Blast Suspects |publisher=YouTube |date=7 September 2011 |access-date=8 November 2011|language=hi}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Also as clear in the video links, they have also made threats to target other Indian cities.

==Designation as a terrorist organisation==
Countries and organisations below have officially listed Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami (HUJI) as a terrorist organisation.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|Country
|Date
|References
|-
|United Kingdom
|14 October 2005
|<ref>{{cite act |title=[[Terrorism Act 2000]] |number=11 |year=2000 |article=2 |articletype=Schedule |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2}}</ref>
|-
|India
|29 December 2004
|<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=30 December 2004 |title=The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2004 |url=https://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/2004-310320154.pdf |magazine=The Gazette of India |page=13 |access-date=10 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202255/https://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/2004-310320154.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Bangladesh
|17 October 2005
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dhaka outlaws third Islamic group |first=Waliur |last=Rahman |publisher=BBC News |date=17 October 2005 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4350752.stm |access-date=24 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311042445/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4350752.stm|archive-date=11 March 2008|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|Israel
|2005
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/9C960928-70AB-428A-BCCC-2E6091F2BDE3/40880/impa_terror_eng_17012013.doc |title=The Proclamation & Orders List |website=Ministry of Justice (Israel) |format=DOC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810135338/http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/9C960928-70AB-428A-BCCC-2E6091F2BDE3/40880/impa_terror_eng_17012013.doc |archive-date=10 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|New Zealand
|15 December 2010
|<ref name="NZ-r1373-terrorlist">{{cite web |url=http://www.police.govt.nz/advice/personal-community/counterterrorism/designated-entities/lists-associated-with-resolution-1373 |title=Lists associated with Resolution 1373 |publisher=New Zealand Police |date=20 July 2014 |access-date=16 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|United States
|6 August 2010
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm|title=Foreign Terrorist Organizations|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=20 May 2015}}</ref>
|}

On 6 August 2010, the United Nations designated Harakat-ul Jihad al-Islami as a foreign terror group and blacklisted its commander [[Ilyas Kashmiri (militant)|Ilyas Kashmiri]]. State Department counterterrorism coordinator [[Daniel Benjamin]] asserted that the actions taken demonstrated the global community's resolve to counter the group's threat. "The linkages between HUJI and Al-Qaeda are clear, and today's designations convey the operational relationship between these organizations," Benjamin said.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2010 |title=US, UN declare HuJI a terrorist organisation |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world/us-un-declare-huji-a-terrorist-organisation/story-62YvbJtqfp9eg8CwbSnDpN.html |newspaper=Hindustan Times |agency=PTI |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=USState>{{cite press release |title=Designations of Harakat-ul Jihad Islami (HUJI) and its Leader Mohammad Ilyas Kashmiri |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2010/08/145779.htm |publisher=US Department of State |date=6 August 2010 |access-date=12 August 2010}}</ref>

==Militant attacks claimed by or attributed to HuJI==
{| class=wikitable
|-
!Date!!Country!!Description
|-
|1999||Bangladesh||Failed attempt to assassinate the humanist poet [[Shamsur Rahman (poet)|Shamsur Rahman]]
|-
|2000||Bangladesh||Alleged failed scheme to assassinate the [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]] [[Sheikh Hasina]]
|-
|14 April 2001||Bangladesh||[[Pahela Baishakh]] [[2001 Ramna Batamul bombings|attack on Ramna Batamul]]
|-
|2003||India||Role in assassination of the former [[Gujarat]] Home Minister [[Haren Pandya]].
|-
|2002 January||India||[[2002 attack on American cultural centre in Kolkata|Terror attack near the American Centre]] in [[Kolkata]], executed in collaboration with the Dawood-linked mafioso Aftab Ansari
|-
|2004||Bangladesh||[[2004 Dhaka grenade attack]] attempt to assassinate [[Sheikh Hasina]]
|-
|2005 June||India||Bombing of the Delhi-Patna [[Shramjeevi Express]] at Jaunpur
|-
|2005||India||Suicide bombing of the headquarters of the [[Andhra Pradesh]] Police's counter-terrorism Special Task Force. A Bangladeshi national, Mohatasin Bilal, had carried out the bombing
|-
|March 2006||[[Varanasi]], Uttar Pradesh, India||Bombing of the [[Sankat Mochan temple]], which was traced to HuJI's [[Bangladesh]]-based cells
|-
|25 August 2007||[[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], Andhra Pradesh, India||[[25 August 2007 Hyderabad bombings]] (suspected, but no evidence revealed as of early September)
|-
|13 May 2008||[[Jaipur]], Rajasthan, India|| [[13 May 2008 Jaipur bombings]] (suspected; evidence pending.)
|-
|25 July 2008||[[Bangalore]], India|| [[2008 Bengaluru serial blasts]] (suspected; evidence pending.)
|-
|26 July 2008||[[Ahmedabad|Ahmadabad]], India|| [[2008 Ahmedabad serial blasts]] (suspected; evidence pending.)
|-
|13 September 2008||[[Delhi]], India|| [[2008 Delhi serial blasts]] (suspected; evidence pending.)
|-
|{{nowrap|20 September 2008}}||[[Islamabad]], Pakistan|| [[2008 Marriott Hotel bombing]] (claimed by HuJI; evidence pending.)
|-
|1 October 2008||[[Agartala]], Tripura, India|| [[2008 Agartala bombings]] (HuJI suspected; evidence pending.)
|-
|30 October 2008||[[Guwahati]], [[Barpeta]], [[Kokrajhar]], [[Bongaigaon]], India||[[2008 Assam bombings]] (HuJI suspected; evidence pending.)
|-
|13 February 2010||[[Pune]], India|| [[2010 Pune bombing]] (HuJI suspected)<ref>{{cite news |date=23 February 2010|title=Pune blast probe: Maha ATS detains suspected HuJI member|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/pune-blast-probe-maha-ats-detains-suspected-huji-member_606397.html|newspaper=Zee News}}</ref>
|-
|7 September 2011||New Delhi, India|| [[2011 Delhi bombing]] (claimed by HuJI; evidence pending.)
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Deobandi organisations]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.espionageinfo.com/Gu-In/Harakat-ul-Jihad-I-Islami-Bangladesh-HUJI-B-Movement-of-Islamic-Holy-War.html Profile of HuJI-Bangladesh (HuJI-B)]
* [https://fas.org/irp/world/para/huji.htm HuJI Profile on FAS.org]

{{US War on Terror}}
{{Militant Islamism in South Asia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harkat-Ul-Jihad Al-Islami}}
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Jihadist groups in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Jihadist groups in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Jihadist groups in India]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist]]
[[Category:Organizations established in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Deobandi organisations]]
[[Category:Jihadist groups in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Israel]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by New Zealand]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States]]