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Satyameva Jayate

2026-04-15T04:31:44Z

199.46.200.230: enhance information further and updated info for accuracy

{{Short description|National motto of India}}
{{other uses|Satyamev Jayate (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox Hindu term|en='''Truth Alone Triumphs'''|sa=सत्यमेव जयते|sa-Latn=Satyameva jayate|bho=𑂮𑂞𑂹𑂨𑂧𑂵𑂫 𑂔𑂨𑂞𑂵|bn=সত্যমেব জয়তে|as=সত্যমেৱ জয়তে|gu=સત્યમેવ જયતે|hi=सत्यमेव जयते|kn=ಸತ್ಯಮೇವ ಜಯತೇ|magahi=𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀫𑁂𑀯 𑀚𑀬𑀢𑁂|mai=सत्यमेव
जयते|mr=सत्यमेव जयते|or=ସତ୍ୟମେବ ଜୟତେ|ta=வாய்மையே வெல்லும்|ta-Latn=Vāymaiyē vellum|ml=സത്യമേവ ജയതേ|te=సత్యమేవ జయతే|pa=ਸੱਤਿਆਮੇਵ ਜਯਤੇ|ur=ستیمیو جئیتے|Maithili=सत्यमेव जयते|mni=ꯁꯇ꯭ꯌꯃꯦꯋ ꯖꯌꯇꯦ|ks-Shrd=𑆱𑆠𑇀𑆪𑆩𑆼𑆮 𑆘𑆪𑆠𑆼|ks=𑆱𑆠𑇀𑆪𑆩𑆼𑆮 𑆘𑆪𑆠𑆼}}
'''Satyameva Jayate''' ({{IPA|sa|sɐt̪jɐmeːʋɐ d͡ʒɐjɐt̪eː|link=yes}}; {{lit|'''Truth Alone Triumphs'''}}) is a part of a ''[[mantra]]'' from the [[Hindu texts|Hindu scripture]] ''[[Mundaka Upanishad]]''.<ref name="iitk">{{cite web |url=https://www.upanishads.iitk.ac.in/mundaka?language=dv&field_chap_value=3&field_sec_value=1&field_mantra_no_value=6&ecsiva=1&etgb=1&etsiva=1&setgb=1&choose=1 |title=Mundaka Upanishad |publisher=IIT Kanpur |access-date=2020-06-04 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604085550/https://www.upanishads.iitk.ac.in/mundaka?language=dv&field_chap_value=3&field_sec_value=1&field_mantra_no_value=6&ecsiva=1&etgb=1&etsiva=1&setgb=1&choose=1 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Following the [[independence]] of [[India]], it was adopted as the [[national motto]] of India on 26 January 1950, the day India became a [[Republic Day (India)|republic]].<ref name="Motto">{{cite web|title=Motto for State Emblem|url=http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20806-BR/HOM-1949-05-30_393.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India–Archive|access-date=8 August 2017|archive-date=8 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808194446/http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20806-BR/HOM-1949-05-30_393.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| publication-date = 2005-08-25
| title = One hundred and sixteenth report on the state emblem of India (Prohibition of improper use) Bill, 2004
| publication-place = New Delhi
| publisher = Rajya Sabha Secretariat
| location = New Delhi
| page = 6.11.1
| journal = Government of India
| url = http://164.100.47.5/book2/reports/home_aff/116threport.htm
| access-date = 2008-09-26
| archive-date = 3 July 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110703134243/http://164.100.47.5/book2/reports/home_aff/116threport.htm
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
In the [[State Emblem of India|national emblem of India]], it is inscribed in the [[Devanagari]] script below the [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]] and forms an integral part of the emblem. The emblem, including "Satyameva Jayate", is inscribed on one side of all [[Indian currency]] and national documents.
[[File:Satyamev Jayate.jpg|thumb|The inscription of the "Satyamev Jayate" at the premises of the [[Mumbai Central railway station|Mumbai Central Railway Terminus]] in India. Photo captured by [[commons:User:Sntshkumar750|Santosh Chaudhary]] ]]
[[File:Emblem of India.svg|thumb|185px|[[State Emblem of India]] contains the phrase ''Satyameva Jayate''.]]

== Origin ==
The origin of the [[motto]] is the [[mantra]] 3.1.6 from the ''[[Mundaka Upanishad]]'', which reads:

;In the Devanāgarī script
<blockquote><poem>{{lang|sa|
'''सत्यमेव जयते''' नानृतं सत्येन पन्था विततो देवयानः।
येनाक्रमन्त्यृषयो ह्याप्तकामा यत्र तत् सत्यस्य परमं निधानम्॥}}<ref name="iitk" />
</poem>
</blockquote>

;Transliteration
<blockquote>
<poem>
'''''satyameva jayate''' nānṛtaṃ''
''satyena panthā vitato devayānaḥ''
''yenākramantyṛṣayo hyāptakāmā''
''yatra tat satyasya paramaṃ nidhānam''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mundaka-upanishad-shankara-bhashya/d/doc145127.html|title=The Mundaka Upanishad with Shankara's Commentary|date=21 February 2016|publisher=Wisdom Library|access-date=12 December 2017|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626171356/https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mundaka-upanishad-shankara-bhashya/d/doc145127.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
</poem>
</blockquote>

;In English:
<blockquote>
<poem>
'''Truth Alone Triumphs'''; not falsehood.
Through truth the divine path is spread out
by which the sages whose desires have been completely fulfilled,
reach to where is that supreme treasure of Truth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/mundak/mun_3-1.html|author=Swami Krishnananda|title=The Mundaka Upanishad:Third Mundaka, First Khanda|website=swami-krishnananda.org|access-date=8 September 2014|archive-date=21 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221053512/http://swami-krishnananda.org/mundak/mun_3-1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
</poem>
</blockquote>

The phrase is composed of the words ''[[Satya|satyam]]'' ("truth"), ''[[wikt:एव|eva]]'' (emphatic particle, ~"indeed"), and [[wikt:जयते|jayate]] ("conquers").

== Popular connotations ==
Popular connotations also include:
* 'Truth stands Invincible'
* 'Truth alone conquers, not falsehood'
* 'The true prevails, not the untrue'<ref>(Max Muller (SBE 15))</ref>
* 'Veritas Vincit', a direct Latin translation.
* 'Truth alone conquers, not untruth'<ref>(Radhakrishnan, ''[[The Principal Upanishads (book)|The Principal Upanishads]]'')–citations from Mehendale</ref>
* 'Truth Alone Triumphs, not that against Sacred law ([[Rta]])
* Vaymaiye Vellum ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: வாய்மையே வெல்லும்)

The slogan was popularized and brought into the national lexicon by [[Madan Mohan Malaviya|Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya]] in 1918 when serving his second of four terms as president of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiaculture.nic.in/indiaculture/pdf/Final%20Minutes_MMM-26july,%202011.pdf|title=Minutes of the first meeting of the National Committee for Commemoration of 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya 26 July 2011 at 6.00 pm–7, Race Course Road, New Delhi.|access-date=8 September 2014|archive-date=13 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313071122/http://indiaculture.nic.in/indiaculture/pdf/Final%20Minutes_MMM-26july,%202011.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Veritas vincit]], the national motto of the [[Czech Republic]] that has the same meaning.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Symbols of India}}

{{Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:National mottos]]
[[Category:National symbols of India]]
[[Category:Hindu mantras]]
[[Category:Sanskrit mottos]]
[[Category:Upanishadic concepts]]

Haldibari (community development block)

2024-07-06T15:38:38Z

199.46.200.230: rework formatting for accuracy and corrected details to improve readability

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Haldibari
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = File:Haldibari in Cooch Behar (West Bengal).svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.33|N|88.77|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Representative democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 152.38
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 103969
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Mekliganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mekliganj]]
| website = {{URL|coochbehar.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Haldibari''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative division]] in the [[Mekhliganj subdivision]] of the [[Cooch Behar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Haldibari is located at {{coord|26.33|N|88.77|E|format=dms|}}.

Topographically Cooch Behar district is generally plain land which is low and marshy at some places. “Considering the nature of general surface configuration, relief and drainage pattern, distribution of different types of soil, climatic condition, the formation of geology and forest tracts, the district Koch Bihar falls under [[Barind Tract]]. The physiology of this area consists of alluvial soil, generally blackish brown in colour and composed of sand, clay and silt. The soils are loose and sandy throughout the district.” The Himalayan formations in the north end beyond the boundaries of this district. There are no hills/ mountains here. It has a large network of rivers flowing from north-west to south and south-east. The [[Teesta River|Teesta]] flows through Mekhliganj CD block before entering [[Bangladesh]]. The [[Jaldhaka River|Jaldhaka]] and its connected river-streams form a large catchment area in the district. It virtually divides the district into two unequal parts and meets the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh. The Himalayan rivers flowing through Cooch Behar district change courses from time to time. In 1876, [[W.W. Hunter]] mentioned the [[Dharla River|Dharla]] and the [[Torsha River|Torsha]] as the same stream with two names. However, since the advent of the 20th century, these are two different streams meeting the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 17-21 Physical feafures| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="map">{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, Fifth page, map of Koch Bihar district| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 22 July 2020}}</ref>

The hill-streams of Cooch Behar carry debris and silt from the Himalayas and are shallow. During the
monsoons the speed of flow of the rivers almost doubles and the rivers overflow the banks causing floods and devastation. The Teesta is the major river causing floods in the Haldibari CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 18, 22| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 22 July 2020}}</ref>

The Haldibari CD block is bounded by the [[Jalpaiguri (community development block)|Jalpaiguri]] CD block in Jalpaiguri district on the north, the [[Mekhliganj (community development block)|Mekhliganj]] CD block on the east, the [[Panchagarh Sadar Upazila]] and [[Debiganj Upazila]] in Panchagarh district of Bangladesh on the south and the Jalpaiguri CD block on the west.<ref name="map"/><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/jalpaiguri.html | title = Jalpaiguri CD Block/ Tehsil Map| publisher = Maps of India |access-date = 21 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Panchagarh_Sadar_Upazila | title = Panchagarh Sadar Upazila| publisher = Banglapedia |access-date = 21 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Debiganj_Upazila| title = Debiganj Upazila| publisher = Banglapedia |access-date = 21 July 2020}}</ref>

The Haldibari CD block has an area of 152.38 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 6 [[gram panchayat]]s, 73 gram sansads (village councils), 62 [[mouza]]s and 57 inhabited villages. [[Haldibari, India#Police station|Haldibari]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Haldibari, India|Haldibari]].<ref name="map"/>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Haldibari block/ panchayat samiti are: Baxiganj, Daxin Bara Haldibari, Dewanganj, Hemkumari, Per Mekhliganj and Uttar Bara Haldibari.<ref name=admin>{{cite web | url = http://coochbehar.nic.in/htmfiles/District_Administration.html| title = Relation between Blocks & Gram Panchayats (GPs) | publisher = Cooch Behar District Administration| access-date = 2011-03-20}}</ref>

[[File:ADMINISTRATIVE MAP.jpg|thumb|650px|left|Community development blocks in Cooch Behar district]]

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Haldibari CD block had a total population of 103,969, all of which were rural. There were 52,851 (51%) males and 51,118 (49%) females. There were 13,194 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 63,609 (61.18%) and the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 313 (0.30%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 21 July 2020}}</ref>

According to the 2001 census, Haldibari block had a total population of 93,836, out of which 48,466 were males and 45,370 were females. Haldibari block registered a population growth of 20.56 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_3.htm |title=Census of India 2001, Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table - 4 |access-date=21 July 2020 |work=Cooch Behar District (03) |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_3.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Haldibari CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Bara Haldibari|Bara Haldibari (P)]] (32,340), Hemkumari (16,491) and Madhya Hudumdanga (16,491).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in the Haldibari CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Mekhliganj (1,242) and Uttar Bakshiganj (3,229).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in the Haldibari CD block was 62,837 (69.22% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 34,912 (75.69% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 27,925 (62.54% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 13.16%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Cooch Behar district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Haldibari CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|66.53}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|33.14}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.33}}
}}

In the [[2011 Census of India]], Hindus numbered 69,168 and formed 66.53% of the population of Haldibari CD block. Muslims numbered 34,453 and formed 33.14% of the population. Christians numbered 284 and formed 0.27% of the population. Others numbered 64 and formed 0.06% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Haldibari CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 96.98 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = 'Other' Bengali |value2 = 1.65 |color2 = mediumpurple
|label3 = Others |value3 = 1.37 |color3 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 96.98% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as their first language. 1.65% were recorded as speaking 'Other' under Bengali.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
Based on a study of the per capita consumption in rural and urban areas, using central sample data of NSS 55th Round 1999–2000, Cooch Behar district had a rural poverty ratio of 25.62%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| title = West Bengal Human Development Report 2004| work = Page 80: Table 4.5 Per capita consumption in rural and urban areas by district| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120501201321/http://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| archive-date = 1 May 2012| url-status = dead}}</ref>

According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 20-26% of the population of Cooch Behar, Birbhum, Nadia and Hooghly districts were below poverty line, marginally higher than the level of poverty in West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/315791504252302097/pdf/119344-BRI-P157572-West-Bengal-Poverty.pdf| title = West Bengal: Poverty, Growth and Inequality| publisher = World Bank Group|access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Haldibari CD block'''
|value1 = 37.98
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 44.00
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 1.31
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 16.71
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Haldibari CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 14,793 and formed 37.98%, agricultural labourers numbered 17,346 and formed 44.00%, household industry workers numbered 515 and formed 1.31% and other workers numbered 6,585 and formed 16.71%.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 39,419 and formed 37.91% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 64,550 and formed 62.09% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 35 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 57 inhabited villages in the Haldibari CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Cooch Behar, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 56 villages (98.25%) have drinking water supply. 7 villages (12.28%) have post offices. 55 villages (96.49%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 30 villages (52.63%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 18 villages (31.58%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 12 villages (21.05%) have agricultural credit societies and 2 villages (3.51%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 86, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Agriculture is the primary mode of living in the district. The entire Cooch Behar district has fertile soil and around half of the cultivated land in the district is cropped twice or more. Paddy (rice) and jute are the largest producing crops, followed by potatoes, vegetables and pulses. There are 23 tea gardens on glided slopes. There are some [[coconut]], [[areca nut]] and [[Betel|betel leaf]] plantations. 77.6% of the land holdings are marginal.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 23-26 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

In 2012–13, there were 37 fertiliser depots, 1 seed store and 10 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the Haldibari CD block.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar | work = Table No. 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 July 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2012–13, the Haldibari CD block produced 24,606 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 10,618 hectares, 5,429 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 1,791 hectares, 264 tonnes of wheat from 135 hectares, 37 tonnes of maize from 15 hectares, 43,650 tonnes of jute from 3,255 hectares, 11,248 tonnes of potatoes from 713 hectares and 314 tonnes of sugar cane from 3 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2013/>

In 2012–13, the total area irrigated in the Haldibari CD block was 3,546 hectares, out of which 295 hectares were irrigated by private canal water, 50 hectares by tank water, 368 hectares by river lift irrigation, 51 hectares by deep tube wells, 2,262 hectares by shallow tube wells, 330 hectares by open dug wells, 190 hectares by other means.<ref name=handbook2013/>

===Pisciculture===
Being a river-bound district, pisciculture is an important economic activity in Cooch Behar district. Almost all the rivers originating in the Himalayas have a lot of fish. The net area under effective pisciculture in 2010–11 in Haldibari CD block was 145.55 hectares. 4,840 persons were engaged in the profession and approximate annual production was 9,744 quintals.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 27-28: Fishery | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2012–13, Haldibari CD block had offices of 4 commercial banks and 4 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2013/>

==Transport==
Haldibari CD block has 2 ferry services and 5 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2013/>

The [[New Jalpaiguri-Haldibari line]] passes through this block and there is a station at Kashiabari.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-new-jalpaiguri-haldibari-passenger-55751/14176/444/1601 | title = New Jalpaiguri Haldibari Passenger | work= Time Table | publisher = IndiaRailInfo |access-date = 11 August 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2012–13, Haldibari CD block had 85 primary schools with 9,553 students, 24 middle schools with 10,412 students, 2 high schools with 1,960 students and 7 higher secondary schools with 6,195 students. Haldibari CD block had 219 institutions for special and non-formal education with 12,321 students. Haldibari municipal area had 1 general degree college with 1,875 students and 1 technical/ professional institution with 55 students (outside the CD block).<ref name=handbook2013/>

See also – [[Education in India]]

According to the 2011 census, in the Haldibari CD block, among the 57 inhabited villages, 17 villages did not have schools, 18 villages had two or more primary schools, 10 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 6 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 547-48, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 July 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2013, Haldibari CD block and Haldibari municipal area had 1 rural hospital and 3 primary health centres with total 105 beds and 11 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 18 family welfare subcentres. 10,066 patients were treated indoor and 62,415 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2013/>

Haldibari Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at [[Haldibari, India|Haldibari]], is the major government medical facility in the Haldibari CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Anguldekha (PO Bakshiganj) (with 10 beds), Hudumdanga (PO Dewanganj) (with 6 beds) and [[Kuchlibari]] (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =29 July 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 29 July 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Cooch Behar topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Cooch Behar district]]