Pierre Jeanneret

2021-02-16T11:00:48Z

178.51.55.66: /* Career */

{{short description|Swiss architect}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}

{{Infobox architect
| name = Pierre Jeanneret
| image = File photo of Pierre Jeanneret at Le Corbusier Centre Chandigarh 03.jpg
| image_size = 
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1896|03|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Geneva]], Switzerland
| death_date = {{death date and age|1967|12|04|1896|03|22|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| alma_mater =
| practice =
| significant_buildings = [[Gandhi Bhawan, Chandigarh]]
| significant_projects = [[Chandigarh]]'s huge civic architecture project
| significant_design =
| awards =
| birth_name = Arnold-André-Pierre Jeanneret-Gris
}}

'''Pierre Jeanneret''' (22 March 1896 – 4 December 1967) was a Swiss [[architect]] who collaborated with his cousin, Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (who assumed the pseudonym [[Le Corbusier]]), for about twenty years.

==Early life==
'''Arnold-André-Pierre Jeanneret-Gris''' was born in [[Geneva]]. He grew up in the typical Jura landscape that influenced his early childhood and his Geneva Calvinism roots. He attended the School of Fine Arts (Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Geneva).<ref>{{cite web|title=Suiss Historical Enceclopedia|url=http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D43068.php|website=Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> As a young student, he was a brilliant painter, artist and architect, greatly influenced by Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier), his cousin and mentor for life. He was a cyclist in the Swiss Army from 1916 to 1918.

==Career==
In 1922, the Jeanneret cousins set up an architectural practice together. From 1927 to 1937 they worked together with [[Charlotte Perriand]] at the Le Corbusier-Pierre Jeanneret studio, rue de Sèvres.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Le Corbusier & Pierre Jeanneret - Restoration of the Clarté Building, Geneva|last=Office du patrimoine et des sites|publisher=Birkhäuser|year=2016|isbn=978-3035607598|location=Geneva|pages=27}}</ref> In 1929 the trio prepared the “House Fittings” section for the Decorative Artists Exhibition and asked for a group stand, renewing and widening the 1928 avant-garde group idea. This was refused by the Decorative Artists Committee. They resigned and founded the [[Union of Modern Artists]] (“[[Union des artistes modernes]]”: UAM).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Union des Artistes Modernes, Paris. 25 années UAM,1930 - 1955|last=Herbst|first=René|publisher=Editons du salon des Arts Ménagers|year=1956|location=Paris}}</ref>

The cousins later designed many buildings, including a number of villas and vacation houses,<ref name="Etlin1994">{{cite book|author=Richard A. Etlin|title=Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier: The Romantic Legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eEG8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR7|year=1994|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-4061-0|pages=7–}}</ref> and renovated existing buildings as well.<ref name="Sbriglio1996">{{cite book|author=Jacques Sbriglio|title=Apartment Block 24 N. C. and LeCorbusier's Home|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0jNxXXWpAIC&pg=PA98|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-7643-5432-9|pages=98–}}</ref>

Their working relationship ended when Pierre joined the [[French Resistance]] and Le Corbusier worked with the [[Vichy Government]], a collaborationist regime to [[Nazi Germany]].

They collaborated once again after the War, on the plan and architecture for the [[New town]] of [[Chandigarh]] in India.
[[File:Pierre Jeanneret in conversation with Le Corbusier at the Le Corbusier Centre in Chandigarh.jpg|thumb|Pierre Jeanneret in conversation with Le Corbusier at the Architect's Office (now Le Corbusier Centre) in Chandigarh]]

==Chandigarh==
[[File:Gandhi Bhawan at Punjab University.jpg|thumb|right|Gandhi Bhawan]]
[[File:Pierre Jeanneret House in Chandigarh.jpg|thumb|right|Pierre Jeanneret House/Museum in Chandigarh]]
Jeanneret, in collaboration with the English husband-wife team of [[Maxwell Fry]] and [[Jane Drew]], was responsible for much of [[Chandigarh]]'s large civic architecture project. His most remarkable contribution has undoubtedly been the designing of the fourteen categories of mass-housings that constitute the living and amenity areas of Chandigarh.
Jeanneret, along with Ar. Jugal Kishore Chowdhary, Ar. Bhanu Pratap Mathur and Er. Agya Ram, was responsible for a significant amount of designing for the Panjab University, including the Gandhi Bhawan and the University Library.

Jeanneret stayed on in Chandigarh after its construction, advising the local government in his appointed capacity as Chief Architect of the city. In order to commemorate his legacy, the Chandigarh Administration has restored his residence, House No. 57, Sector 5 (Type 4J), and converted it into a Museum dedicated to his contributions to the city, on March 22nd, 2017, the anniversary of his 121st birthday.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/badnore-opens-pierre-jeanneret-museum/381057.html|title=Badnore opens Pierre Jeanneret museum|website=Tribuneindia.com|access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref>

There were 8 linear meters of manuscripts, documents, photographs, drawings and letters between Jeanneret and Le Corbusier, which were collected over fifteen years during the Chandigarh project. They contain great detail of Jeanneret's responsibilities in the construction of the city. They were left to Jeanneret's niece, Jacqueline Jeanneret, upon his death in 1967. They are now preserved at the [[Canadian Centre for Architecture]] (CCA).<ref>"Pierre Jeanneret">{{cite web |title=Pierre Jeanneret - Chandigarh |url=https://rhoko.com/pierre-jeanneret-humble-genius/ |website=Rhoko.com}}</ref>

Equally significant was his role as a mentor to young Indian architects like [[Aditya Prakash (architect)|Aditya Prakash]], Jeet Malhotra, Shiv Datt Sharma, and JK Chowdhary.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AdAZDgAAQBAJ&q=pierre+jeanneret+shiv+datt+sharma&pg=PA146|title=India: Modern Architectures in History|last1=Scriver|first1=Peter|last2=Srivastava|first2=Amit|date=2015-02-15|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=9781780234687|language=en}}</ref>

Some of his major works in Chandigarh include the M.L.A. Hostels in Sector 3 and 4, Polytechnic for Men (now CCET) in Sector 26, the State Library, Town Hall and the Post & Telegraph Building in Sector 17, the Architects' Office (now [[Le Corbusier Centre]]) in Sector 19, the [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research|P.G.I.M.E.R.]] in Sector 12 (in collaboration with Jeet Malhotra, Aditya Prakash and H.S.Chopra), [[Government Model Senior Secondary School, Sector-16, Chandigarh|Government Model Senior Secondary School, Sector-16]], [[St. John's High School, Chandigarh|St. John's High School, Sector 26]] and the Shops on V4 in Sector 11.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Joshi|first1=Kiran|title=Documenting Chandigarh: the Indian Architecture of Pierre Jeanneret, Edwin Maxwell Fry, Jane Beverly Drew (Vol. 1).|date=1999|publisher=Mapin Publishing.|location=Ahmedabad}}</ref>

==Furniture==
In addition to buildings, Jeanneret also designed furniture, both independently and with Le Corbusier.<ref name="BahgaBahga2000">{{cite book|author1=Sarbjit Bahga|author2=Surinder Bahga|title=Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret: Footprints in the Sand of Indian Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otxPAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Galgotia|isbn=978-81-85989-45-7|page=35}}</ref><ref name="Fischer1999">{{cite book|author=Volker Fischer|title=The LC4 Chaise Longue by Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret and Charlotte Perriand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnJQAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Verlag form}}</ref> He experimented with minimalist design, including a chair which required no fasteners.

==Death==

Jeanneret died on 4 December 1967. In accordance with his will, Jeanneret's ashes were scattered in Chandigarh's [[Sukhna Lake]]. [[File:Pierre Jeanneret - A pencil sketch by Sarbjit Bahga.jpg|thumb|Pierre Jeanneret - A pencil sketch by Sarbjit Bahga]]

==See also==

*[[List of Indian architects]]
*[[Architecture of India]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
;Notes
{{reflist}}
;Sources
* Documenting Chandigarh: The Indian Architecture of Pierre Jeanneret, Edwin Maxwell Fry, Jane Beverly Drew, by Kiran Joshi, Grantha Corporation, 1999. {{ISBN|1-890206-13-X}}.
* [[Sarbjit Bahga]], Surinder Bahga (2014) ''Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret: The Indian Architecture'', CreateSpace, {{ISBN|978-1495906251}}
*{{cite book|author=Tim Benton|title=The Villas of Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret 1920-1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRzqAAAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-7643-8406-7}}

==External links==
*[https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/archives/413821/pierre-jeanneret-fonds Finding aid] for the Pierre Jeanneret archive at the [[Canadian Centre for Architecture]]
*[https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/events/72993/find-and-tell-sangeeta-bagga-on-pierre-jeanneret Find and Tell: Sangeeta Bagga on Pierre Jeanneret], [[Canadian Centre for Architecture]]
* [https://www.jeanneret-chandigarh.com/chandigarh/?artist=pierrejeanneret Pierre Jeanneret, furniture for Chandigarh]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeanneret, Pierre}}
[[Category:Modernist architects]]
[[Category:20th-century Swiss architects]]
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Geneva]]
[[Category:Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne members]]
[[Category:Scientists from Chandigarh]]

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Pierre Jeanneret