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Jai Ho (film)

2026-03-16T03:12:14Z

172.70.93.34: Je

{{short description|2014 film directed by Sohail Khan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Jai Ho
| image = Jai Ho (2013 Hindi film) poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sohail Khan]]
| producer = [[Sohail Khan]] [[Kishore Lulla]]
| writer = [[A. R. Murugadoss]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Stalin (2006 film)|Stalin]]''|[[A. R. Murugadoss]]}}
| starring = [[Salman Khan]] [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] [[Daisy Shah]] [[Danny Denzongpa]] [[Aditya Pancholi]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Sajid–Wajid]] [[Amaal Mallik]] [[Devi Sri Prasad]] '''Score: ''' [[Sandeep Shirodkar]]
| cinematography = [[Santosh Thundiyil]]
| editing = [[Ashish Amrute]]
| studio = [[Sohail Khan|Sohail Khan Productions]]
| distributor = [[Eros International]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2192590/Eros-acquires-Salman-Khan's-Jai-Ho |title=Eros acquires Salman Khan's Jai Ho |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=31 October 2013}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|01|24|[[India]]}}
| runtime = 142 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/jai-ho-2014 |title=JAI HO (2014) |publisher=BBFC |date=14 January 2014 |access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|link=yes}}65 crore
| gross = {{INR|link=yes}}195.04 [[crore]]<ref name="bo">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jai-ho/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|title=Jai Ho Box Office|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>
}}
'''''Jai Ho''''' ({{translation|Let there be Victory}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[political fiction|political]] [[action film]] directed by [[Sohail Khan]], who also produced the film under the banner [[Sohail Khan|Sohail Khan Productions]], and co-produced by [[Sunil Lulla]] of [[Eros International]], which distributed the film. It stars [[Salman Khan]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]], [[Daisy Shah]], [[Danny Denzongpa]] and [[Aditya Pancholi]]. It also features [[Sunil Shetty]] and [[Genelia D'Souza]] in cameo appearances.

The film is an official remake of the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film ''[[Stalin (2006 film)|Stalin]]'' (2006), directed by [[A. R. Murugadoss]], which is also inspired from the [[Theater in the United States|American-drama]] film ''[[Pay It Forward (film)|Pay It Forward]]''.

''Jai Ho'' was released on 24 January 2014, during the Republic Day weekend.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/RZBaA8luxMEwAJ2tasugOM/Bajrangi-Bhaijaan-storms-the-Box-Office-on-opening-day.html |title='Bajrangi Bhaijaan' storms the box office on opening day}}</ref> It received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite web |title=Classifications |publisher=Box Office India |date=1 August 2014 |access-date=7 August 2014 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/classifications2014blockbusteratlastwithkick#.U9t0SGP4J4U |archive-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804204919/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/classifications2014blockbusteratlastwithkick#.U9t0SGP4J4U |url-status=dead}}</ref> However, the film grossed {{INRConvert|195.04|c}} at the box office, becoming the [[List of Bollywood films of 2014|sixth highest grossing bollywood film of 2014]]

== Plot ==
Jai Agnihotri ([[Salman Khan]]) is an ex-army officer who is short-tempered and passionate about helping citizens and fighting criminals. He was Pakistan, a major in the commandos [[Indian Army|Indian Army Kargil War]], but was soldiers suspended after he ignored orders from his superiors by rescuing a group of children from terrorists. After this incident, Jai moved in with his mother and sister Geeta ([[Tabu (actress)|Tabu Hashmi]]).

One day, Jai is unable to help Suman, a physically disabled girl ([[Genelia D'Souza]]), take an examination while her brother Rohan ([[Vikas Bhalla]]) was stuck in a traffic jam. A depressed Suman commits suicide. Jai is greatly disturbed by this incident. With Suman's death fresh in his mind, Jai creates a system that would encourage citizens to help each other. Each day, citizens are to help three people. These three people would in turn help three more people, and war so proud on honour. Jai believes that this network would foster kindness and a sense of community among the citizens. His system, however, faces challenges.

On one occasion, for one of his daily good deeds, Jai loses his temper and beats a rich man who had injured a child beggar. In an act of revenge, the rich man employs some men to kidnap Jai's, sister Geeta and friend Rinky ([[Daisy Shah]]). Jai is kidnapped able to save Geeta and Rinky, but injures one of the captors in the process, who happenes to be the henchman of a member of the Legislative Assembly named Patil, the son-in-law of the Home Minister Dashrath Singh ([[Danny Denzongpa]]).

Dashrath is not happy that Jai has injured one of Patil's henchmen. He attempts to avenge this injury by kidnapping Jai's and accident nephew Kabir. Dashrath, however, loses Patil out of Jai's angrily in the process. Chief Minister Ashok Pradhan ([[Mohnish Behl]]) meanwhile, finds out about Jai's system after his own life is saved by a schoolgirl performing her good deeds for the day. He decides to intervene in the dispute between Dashrath and Jai in an attempt to put an end to their fight. Dashrath, who does not appreciate this intervention, attempts to kill Ashok and frame Jai. However, Jai is able to save Ashok.

Dashrath's son Arjun Singh and his hired men attack Jai, who kills Arjun, but not before the latter is severely injured after getting stabbed by his sister and Patil's widow, Kavita ([[Sana Khan]]) and she being stabbed to fighting her stomach. A rickshaw driver ([[Mahesh Manjrekar]]) and Jai's former colleague, Indian Army Officer Arjun Kaul ([[Suniel Shetty]]), together help Jai, when getting soldier to the hospital. While Jai is at the hospital, Dashrath spreads rumors that Jai had attempted to assassinate Ashok. Once he recovers, Ashok reveals that it was Dashrath and not Jai who was behind the attempted murder. An enraged crowd beats Dashrath to near death after hearing the truth.

Doctors are able to save Jai, who has survived, thanks to his own help-three-people concept. When Jai emerges from the hospital, he finds thousands of people waiting for him. Jai thanks them all for making his concept a success.

== Cast ==
*[[Salman Khan]] as Jai Agnihotri, Geeta's brother
*[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] as Geeta Agnihotri Khanna, Jai's sister and Rehaan's wife
*[[Daisy Shah]] as Rinky Shah, Jai's love interest
*[[Danny Denzongpa]] as Home Minister Dashrath Singh
*[[Aditya Pancholi]] as Inspector Naresh Kadam
*[[Mahesh Manjrekar]] as Bablesh "Babban" Behl
*[[Sharad Kapoor]] as Inspector Alfaaz Siddiqui
*[[Mukul Dev]] as Shrikant Patil, Kavita's husband
*Haroon Qazi as Arun Singh
*[[Nadira Babbar]] as Sulochna Agnihotri, Jai and Geeta's mother
*[[Pulkit Samrat]] as Abhay Rajput
*[[Sana Khan]] as Kavita Singh Patil, Dashrath's daughter
*[[Resham Tipnis]] as Meghna Shah, Pinky's mother
*[[Ashmit Patel]] as Sumit Mohile
*[[Yash Tonk]] as Balwant "Babu" Ramchandran
*[[Mahesh Thakur]] as Rehaan Khanna, Geeta's husband
*[[Naman Jain]] as Kabir Khanna, Geeta and Rehaan's son
*[[Tulip Joshi]] as Mrs. Anushita D’Souza
*[[Nana Banana]] as Class Wrap
*[[Varun Badola]] as Mr. Boman D'Souza
*[[Bruna Abdullah]] as Anne Rosselline
*[[Sudesh Lehri]] as Pandit Kaushal Chand Sharma
*Santosh Shukla as Manik Singh
*[[Jeetu Verma]] as Subhash Prasad Agashe
*[[Nauheed Cyrusi]] as Simran Choudhry
*[[Raju Mavani]] as Rajkishan Gupta, Dashrath's personal assistant
===Cameo===
* [[Sunil Shetty]] as Captain Arjun Kaul
* [[Genelia D'Souza]] as Suman Malhotra
* [[Vikas Bhalla]] as Rohan Malhotra
* [[Mohnish Bahl]] as Chief Minister Ashok Pradhan
* [[Ruhanika Dhawan]] as Sanjana Rai
* [[Vatsal Sheth]] as Wanjit Kapoor

== Production ==
===Development===

In late 2012, [[Sohail Khan]] announced he planned to remake the Telugu film ''Stalin'' starring [[Chiranjeevi|Chiranjeevi Konidela]] and [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha Krishna]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jai-ho-i-never-said-i-wont-do-remakes-says-salman-khan/449034-8-66.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201201804/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jai-ho-i-never-said-i-wont-do-remakes-says-salman-khan/449034-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 February 2014 |title=Jai Ho: I never said I won't do remakes, says Salman Khan |publisher=IBN Live |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/movie-review-salman-khans-jai-ho-is-little-more-than-a-damp-squib/ |title=Film review: Salman Khan's 'Jai Ho' is little more than a damp squib |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref> Khan originally titled the remake ''Mental'', but by the time the film was released, it had been re-titled ''Jai Ho''.

===Filming===

Shooting for the film was set to begin 27 February 2013 but was postponed until late March. There were rumors that the film would be released in [[3D film|3D]], but Sohail Khan was cited stating, "First, let me complete my film in the normal format. Then I'll take a call".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/samlan-khans-mental-to-come-out-in-3d_137517.htm |title=Mental to come out in 3D? |publisher=Zee News |date=24 June 2013 |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
[[Salman Khan]] unveiled the [[Film poster|first look poster]] of ''Jai Ho'' on 6 December 2013. The poster consisted of images of thousands of fans digitally merged to create one portrait of Khan. Khan's fans designed this poster.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/first-look-fans-design-salman-khan-s-jai-ho-poster/article1-1159688.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206161721/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/first-look-fans-design-salman-khan-s-jai-ho-poster/article1-1159688.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 December 2013 |title=First look: Fans design Salman Khan's Jai Ho poster |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=6 December 2013 |access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-07/news-interviews/44865178_1_daisy-shah-first-poster-salman-khan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208161713/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-07/news-interviews/44865178_1_daisy-shah-first-poster-salman-khan |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 December 2013 |title=Salman Khan paints first poster of 'Jai Ho' |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 December 2013 |access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Post by Salman Khan. |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-salman-khan-launches-new-digital-poster-of-jai-ho-1932045 |title=Salman Khan launches new digital poster of 'Jai Ho' |work=DNA |access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/salman-khans-jai-ho-poster/1/328097.html |title=Salman Khan asks fans to make Jai Ho poster, creates buzz on Twitter |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=11 December 2013 |date=6 December 2013}}</ref> The makers unveiled the film's [[Teaser campaign|official teaser]] on 13 December 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/salman-khans-jai-ho-teaser-the-aam-aadmi-party-effect-655873.html |title=Salman Khan's 'Jai Ho' teaser: The Aam Aadmi Party effect? |website=News18|access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref> The [[Trailer (promotion)|official trailer]] of the film was released on 3 January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/watch-trailer-salman-khans-actionpacked-avatar-in-jai-ho/1206992/ |title=Watch trailer: Salman Khan's action-packed avatar in 'Jai Ho' – Indian Express |website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref>

== Reception ==
===Critical response===

''India Today'' gave ''Jai Ho'' a 3 out of 5 and commented that it was a rip off of ''Ek Tha Tiger'' with mindless action.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jai-ho-review-salman-khan/1/339550.html |title=Mega Review: Jai Ho |work=India Today |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref> [[Anupama Chopra]] gave the movie a 2.5 out of 5, stating, ''Jai Ho'' was more of a cartoon than a film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Movie review by Anupama Chopra: is Jai Ho even a film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-by-anupama-chopra-is-jai-ho-even-a-film/story-q2WmY1115tBFWGkMr2hdYO.html |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref>

Raja Sen of [[Rediff]] gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and said, Khan, Bollywood's real-life answer to Derek Zoolander, does his thing like only he can. And the crowd responds. Sitting in a single-screen theatre, the air was filled with shrill, thrilled whistles as soon as the censor certificate hit the screen. The first glimpse of Khan – via braceleted wrist – had the crowd in paroxysms."<ref>{{cite web |title=Raja Sen reviews Salman Khan's Jai Ho |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/raja-sen-reviews-salman-khans-jai-ho/20140124.htm#:~:text=Salman%20Khan%20does%20his%20thing,And%20the%20crowd%20responds.&text=(In%20the%20film%2C%20this%20leads,him%20multiply%20numbers%20by%20three. |first=Raja |last=Sen |publisher=Rediff |date=24 January 2014}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' gave 2 stars out of 5, commenting "To be honest, very little stays with you when you leave the cinema, aside from the unpleasant aftertaste that comes from being shamelessly manipulated."<ref>{{cite news|title='Jai Ho' review: The film is of a man who lets his fists do the talking|url=https://www.news18.com/videos/india/masand-review-masands-verdict-118-664062.html|date=24 January 2014 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=16 August 2021 |author=Rajeev Masand}}</ref>

[[Taran Adarsh]] gave it 4.5 stars out of 5 and called it a "noble, well-intentioned message narrated in an entertaining format".<ref>{{cite web |title=Jai Ho Review by Taran Adarsh |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/587748 |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref>

===Box office===
''Jai Ho'' was released on around 3900 screens in India and 650 screens in overseas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/gundaychallengingfortopopeningof2014#.Uv5ccmKSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Box Office India |date=14 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> The domestic and overseas theatrical rights were sold for ₹1.1 billion ($16 million).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ishare.rediff.com/video/entertainment/salman-khan-s-jai-ho-rights-sold-for-110-crore-highest-ever/9079789 |title=Salman Khan s Jai Ho Rights Sold For 110 Crore Highest Ever |website=[[Rediff.com]] |date=19 January 2014 |access-date=21 January 2014}}</ref> ''Jai Ho'' spent around ₹40 crore ($5.9 million) on the production of the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/holidayinasimilarboattojaiho#.U5lOAJRw8t4 |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=7 August 2014}}</ref> The film cost around ₹650 million ($9.6 million) total with the cost of marketing and prints added, but this number still does not include Khan's remuneration.<ref name="Jaiho650 million">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/isaamirkhantherealsuperstarnowasheistheonlyonetotakeabigopeningwithoutbackingofaholidaywithdhoom3#.UuniCj2SyAo |title=Is Aamir Khan The Real Superstar Now As He Is The Only One To Take A Big Opening Without Backing of a Holiday With Dhoom 3? |work=[[Box Office India]] |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201215417/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/isaamirkhantherealsuperstarnowasheistheonlyonetotakeabigopeningwithoutbackingofaholidaywithdhoom3#.VviNhBFREy9 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihoblockbusterpricesbutsemihithitbusinss#.UuqIcj2SyAo |title=Jai Ho – Blockbuster Prices But Semi Hit – Hit Businss |publisher=Box Office India |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201220055/http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihoblockbusterpricesbutsemihithitbusinss#.VviM1RFREy9 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The satellite rights were sold for {{INR}}50 crore ($7.4 million), and music rights were also sold for {{INR}}12 crore ($1.8 million).

''Jai Ho'' suffered losses from piracy. A Dubai-based user uploaded a pirated version of the film to YouTube on 28 January 2014. The video had 108,151 views by the time it was removed on 1 February 2014. Another version of the film was uploaded on 2 February 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jai-ho-piracy-salman-khan-starrer-leaked-online/article1-1179430.aspx |title=Jai Ho online leak: business worth Rs 10–12 crore hit? |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203024556/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jai-ho-piracy-salman-khan-starrer-leaked-online/article1-1179430.aspx |archive-date=3 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014 |author1=Akshay Kapoor |author2=Sahil Magoo |url-status=dead}}</ref> DNA Films reported that Khan had requested that ticket prices be kept at the minimum so that people could afford to see the movie because of its message.<ref name="www.dnaindia.com">{{cite web |title=Salman Khan's selfless act |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-salman-khan-s-selfless-act-1965276}}</ref>

====India====
The website Boxofficeindia.com said that ''Jai Ho'' opened well at single screens like [[Jodhpur]], [[Lucknow]], [[Indore]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Central India|CI]], with an occupancy of 80–100%, 25–30% better than [[Dhoom 3#Box office|Dhoom 3]] and [[Chennai Express#Box office|Chennai Express]], and moderately well (50%) at multiplexes of [[Delhi]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Bangalore]] and [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihoadvancesinglescreensphenomenaloverallgood |title=Jai Ho Advance: Single Screens Phenomenal Overall Good |publisher=[[Box office India]] |work=Box Office India Trade Network |date=23 January 2014 |access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihohasgoodopeningbutnotbumper |title=Jai Ho Has Good Opening But Not Bumper |publisher=[[Box office India]] |work=Box Office India Trade Network |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihobelowexpectationsatmultiplexes |title=Jai Ho Below Expectations at Multiplexes |publisher=[[Box office India]] |work=Box Office India Trade Network |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref> It had an opening-day collection of around {{INRConvert|188|m}} nett.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihofirstdayterritorialbreakdown#.UuOSmhC6bIU |title=Jai Ho First Day Territorial Breakdown |publisher=[[Box office India]] |work=Box Office India Trade Network |date=25 January 2014 |access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail_post#.UuyS6z2SyAp |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=25 January 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> The second day collections were about {{INRConvert|165|m}}, taking the total to {{INRConvert|335|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihoseconddaybusiness#.UuShAtK6bs0 |title=Jai Ho Second Day Business |publisher=[[Box office India]] |work=Box Office India Trade Network |date=26 January 2014 |access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref> On Sunday, the film collected {{INRConvert|263|m}} to take its weekend total to {{INRConvert|607|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihodoesverywellonsunday#.UuYqiNK6bs0 |title=Jai Ho Does Very Well on Sunday |publisher=[[Box office India]] |work=Box Office India Trade Network |date=27 January 2014 |access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref> ''Jai Ho'' had a noticeable drop on Tuesday as it grossed around {{INR}}7.75 [[crore]] nett taking the five-day total to a little over {{INR}}74 crore nett.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihotuesdaybusiness#.UuqKCT2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=29 January 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho emerged as the fifth highest weekend of all time in terms of worldwide gross by managing to gross {{INR}}200 crore worldwide in three days.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/topalltimeworldwideweekendsjaiho5thdhoom3first#.UuiVRtK6bIU |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho dropped further on first Wednesday with collections around {{INR}}5.25–5.50 crore nett to take 6-day total to {{INRConvert|795|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihodropsfurtheronwednesday#.UuqIeD2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho had the ninth highest first week of all time as it grossed {{INRConvert|817|m}} nett in its first week.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihofirstweekterritorialbreakdown#.Uu9A3z2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=3 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihohasninthhighestfirstweekofalltime#.UutMmD2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=31 January 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> The film nett. grossed {{INR}}3 crore nett on its second Friday.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihosecondfridaybusiness#.UuySOz2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=1 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> The film has collected {{INR}}90 crores nett in 9 days.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihohasdecenthumponsecondsaturday#.Uu4refmSzVE |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=2 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho collected {{INR}}13.50 crore nett in its second weekend taking its domestic total {{INR}}95 crore nett in 10 days.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihogrosses95croreplusintendays#.Uu9AID2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=3 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Hai has been made tax-free in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Jai-Ho-exempted-from-entertainment-tax-in-UP/articleshow/29737868.cms |title='Jai Ho' exempted from entertainment tax in UP – The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/After-UP-Gujarat-may-give-tax-sop-to-Salman-Khans-Jai-Ho/articleshow/29788124.cms |title=After UP, Gujarat may give tax sop to Salman Khan's 'Jai Ho' – The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=3 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-popular/jai-ho-to-go-tax-free-in-gujarat-too/ |title=Jai Ho To Go Tax-Free in Gujarat Too |publisher=Koimoi.com |date=3 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihohelpedbytaxexemptioninup#.UvHUHGKSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=5 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho two-week business was around {{INR}}101.50 crore nett as it crossed around {{INR}}21.29 crore nett in its second week.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/topsecondweekcollections20132014jaiho7th#.UvnagWKSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihogrosses10150croreintwoweeks#.UvR5A2KSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=7 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai ho on its third Friday had collections set to be around {{INR}}50 lakhs nett, with tax exemption in Gujarat also.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihothirdfridaycollections#.UvYn_2KSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=8 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho grossed around {{INR}}2.25–2.50 crore nett in its third weekend taking the business to {{INR}}105.50 crore nett after seventeen days.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihoat105crorenettplusafterseventeendays#.Uvh7DGKSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=10 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> The two-week distributor share of film is {{INR}}56 crore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihosecondweekdetails56croreshareintwoweeks#.Uvh7GGKSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho took its total to {{INR}}107 crore nett in after three weeks as it added around {{INR}}4 crore nett in third week.<ref name="semihitjaiho">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/gundayverygoodinitialhaseetohphaseedecentfirstweek#.Uv971WKSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=15 February 2014 |access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihogrosses120croreafterthreeweeks |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref> Bollywoodhungama declared the total net gross of ''Jai Ho'' {{INR}}116 crore, and ranked it the seventh highest-grossing movie of 2014 and Salman Khan's seventh 100 crore movie in a row, an all-time record in the history of Indian cinema.<ref name="Bollywood’s 100 Crore Club ">{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/special-features/id/200 |title=Bollywood Boxoffice |publisher=Bollywoodhungama.com |date=30 April 2013 |access-date=20 March 2015}}</ref>

====Overseas====
The website, Bollywoodhungama.com estimated ''Jai Ho'' grossed $3.55 million overseas in its first weekend. Box Office India estimated it grossed slightly less at $3.45 million and called it "decent business".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihodecentoverseasgoodingulf#.UufBt9K6bIU |title=Jai Ho Decent Overseas – Good in Gulf |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201214220/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihodecentoverseasgoodingulf#.UufBt9K6bIU |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |author-link=Taran Adarsh |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/overseas/id/509 |title='Jai Ho' witnesses day-wise growth, collects $3.55 million – Rs 22.38 crBox Office Overseas Report |access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref> The final overseas gross for Jai Ho was $6 million making it one of the highest overseas grossing Bollywood films of 2014.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=2 States Hits $5 Million Overseas |access-date=10 June 2014 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/2stateshits5millionoverseas#.U2qiL4Fw8t4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511004255/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/2stateshits5millionoverseas#.VviDRxFREy9 |archive-date=11 May 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/overseasjaiholifetimelessthandhoom3andchennaiexpressweekend#.UvKPF2KSyAo |access-date=10 June 2014 |title=OVERSEAS – Jai Ho Lifetime Less Than Dhoom 3 And Chennai Express Weekend |publisher=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331023257/http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/overseasjaiholifetimelessthandhoom3andchennaiexpressweekend#.UvKPF2KSyAo |archive-date=31 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/overseas/id/510 |title='Jai Ho' declines, total so far $5.4 millionBox Office Overseas Report |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jai Ho
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Sajid–Wajid]], [[Amaal Mallik]] and [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 3 January 2014
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 35:45
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Bhushan Kumar]]
| chronology = [[Sajid–Wajid]]
| prev_title = [[Bullett Raja]]
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title = [[Main Tera Hero]]
| next_year = 2014
| misc = {{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| type = Soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Veeram (2014 film)|Veeram]]
| prev_year = 2014
| title = Jai Ho
| year = 2014
| next_title = [[Bramman]]
| next_year = 2014
}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Amaal Mallik]]
| type = Soundtrack
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| title = Jai Ho
| year = 2014
| next_title = [[Khoobsurat (2014 film)|Khoobsurat]]
| next_year = 2014
}}
}}
[[Sajid–Wajid]], [[Amaal Mallik]] and [[Devi Sri Prasad]] composed the nine-song soundtrack album for ''Jai Ho'', in which Malik had contributed three tracks and Prasad had contributed one track, while the former composed 5 tracks. Sajid, Irfan Kamal, Danish Sabri, [[Sameer Anjaan]], Kausar Munir, [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]], [[Armaan Malik]], and Devi Sri Prasad wrote the lyrics for all the songs in the album. The full soundtrack album was released on 3 January 2014.<ref name="iTunes">{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/jai-ho-original-motion-picture/id786433087 |title=Jai Ho (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=3 January 2014 |work=Sajid – Wajid, Amal Mallik & Devi Sri Prasad |publisher=[[iTunes]]|access-date=3 January 2014}}</ref>{{Track listing
| headline = Jai Ho
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 35:45
| title1 = Baaki Sab First Class Hai
| music1 = Sajid–Wajid
| lyrics1 = [[Sajid–Wajid|Sajid]], Irfan Kamal, Danish Sabri
| length1 = 4:04
| extra1 = [[Sajid–Wajid|Wajid]]
| title2 = Tere Naina Maar Hi Daalenge
| extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
| music2 = Sajid–Wajid
| lyrics2 = [[Sameer Anjaan]]
| length2 = 5:00
| title3 = Photocopy
| extra3 = [[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Keerthi Sagathia]], [[Palak Muchhal]]
| music3 = Sajid–Wajid
| lyrics3 = Kausar Munir
| length3 = 4:36
| title4 = Tumko To Aana Hi Tha
| extra4 = [[Armaan Malik]], Marianne D'Cruz, Altamash Faridi
| music4 = [[Amaal Mallik]]
| lyrics4 = [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]
| length4 = 4:13
| title5 = Love You Till The End
| extra5 = Armaan Malik
| music5 = Amaal Mallik
| lyrics5 = Armaan Malik
| length5 = 3:56
| title6 = Naacho Re
| extra6 = [[Ujjayinee Roy]]
| music6 = Devi Sri Prasad
| lyrics6 = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| length6 = 2:27
| title7 = Jai Ho
| extra7 = Wajid, Armaan Malik
| music7 = Amaal Mallik
| lyrics7 = Shabbir Ahmed
| length7 = 3:20
| title8 = Photocopy
| extra8 = Himesh Reshammiya, Keerthi Sagathia, Palak Muchhal
| music8 = Sajid–Wajid
| lyrics8 = Kausar Munir
| length8 = 3:53
| title9 = Baaki Sab First Class Hai
| note9 = Remix
| extra9 = Wajid
| music9 = Sajid–Wajid
| lyrics9 = Sajid, Irfan Kamal, Danish Sabri
| length9 = 2:47
| all_writing =
| title10 =
| length10 =
| note8 = Remix
| note5 = House Mix
| note7 = Title Track
}}

== See also ==
* [[Bollywood films of 2014]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Official website|http://www.jaihoonline.com}}
*{{IMDb title|1188982}}
*{{Mojo title|jaiho}}
*{{rotten-tomatoes|jai_ho}}

[[Category:2010s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:2014 action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sajid–Wajid]]
[[Category:Films scored by Devi Sri Prasad]]
[[Category:Indian films]]

Pudhupettai

2026-03-15T14:19:29Z

172.70.93.34: Yu

{{short description|2006 film by K. Selvaraghavan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pudhupettai
| image = Pudhupettai movie poster.jpg
| caption = Pooster
| director = [[Selvaraghavan]]
| producer = K Muralidharan V Swaminathan G Venugopal
| screenplay = Selvaraghavan, Balakumaran (Dialogue)
| story = Selvaraghavan
| starring = [[Dhanush]] [[Sonia Agarwal]] [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]]
| cinematography = [[Arvind Krishna (cinematographer)|Arvind Krishna]]
| music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| editing = [[Kola Bhaskar]]
| studio = [[Lakshmi Movie Makers]]
| released = {{Film date|2006|05|26|df=y}}
| runtime = 179 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Pudhupettai''''' ({{Translation|New Hood/Area}}) is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Political fiction|political]] [[gangster film]] written and directed by [[Selvaraghavan]], starring his brother [[Dhanush]], and [[Sonia Agarwal]] and [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rangan|first1=Baradwaj|title=Crime does pay|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/looking-back-at-pudhupettai-10-years-later/article8768900.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=5 October 2016|date=25 June 2016}}</ref> The film, with music scored by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] and cinematography by Arvind Krishna, Selvaraghavan's usual crew members, was released on 26 May 2006.The film attained cult status over the years

==Plot==
The story is narrated by the main character 'Kokki' Kumar in a jail cell. 'Kokki' Kumar is a high school kid who lives in the slums of Pudhupettai, Chennai. After coming home from a film, he sees his mother's dead body, killed by his father. After learning that his father will kill him too, Kumar runs away from home.
Homeless and with no food, he resorts to begging until he is falsely arrested while watching police arresting goons on the street. After being released on bail, he befriends Mani and other accused, all of whom work for Anbu. Anbu works for the opposition party's leader Thamizhselvan, who is a goon and local politician. They take Kumar under their wing and give him petty jobs. During a confrontation with rival gangsters headed by the ruling party's politician Murthy, Kumar kills Murthy's brother single-handedly amidst 100 goons, earning the respect of his gang.

Anbu makes him join a gang consisting of professional killers. There Kumar learns the way of being a killer while surviving attacks from angrily Murthy's men. The gang refuses to help Kumar avoid Murthy's men since their intervention would spark a gang war. Kumar murders several of his opponents singlehandedly, earning him respect.

Krishnaveni is a prostitute who works under Anbu. Kumar likes her and asks Anbu to release her. Anbu is shocked at Kumar's audacity and refuses his request. He thrashes Krishnaveni and orders his men to kill Kumar. Kumar approaches Anbu and begs pardon, but when Anbu refuses, Kumar kills him. Thamizhselvan allows Kumar to take over Anbu's business only if he can survive the night from Anbu's men. Kumar survives and Thamizhselvan makes good on his word.

Anbu's goons refuse to obey Kumar since he is young and inexperienced. But Kumar kills his enraged opposition, as well as his father, and becomes a dreaded don in North Chennai. Murthy is paralysed by Kumar's men for refusing a truce. Kumar then meets Selvi, Mani's sister, and marries her forcibly on the eve of her wedding. Mani tries to kill Kumar unsuccessfully then joins Murthy's gang. Meanwhile, Krishnaveni reveals that she is pregnant with Kumar's child and Kumar marries her as well.

Mani becomes an approver and testifies to all Kumar's killings. But during the trial, Kumar threatens Selvi and her mother, and is let off. Kumar is given a post in the party by Thamizhselvan to prevent Kumar from defecting. Due to his increasing crime record and fear of being killed, Kumar asks for a seat as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) but is ridiculed by everyone including Thamizhselvan. Kumar flashes his sickle in front of the party cadre, some of whom are far more dreaded dons, and is kicked out.

Murthy learns about this and plans to assassinate Kumar and his family. Fearing for their safety, Kumar sends Krishnaveni and his child away, but Murthy's men intercept them, kill her and take the child. He requests Selvi to ask her brother Mani for help, but she refuses and reveals her displeasure at how Kumar ruined her life and that she plans to return to her former fiancé. Mani is compassionate enough to return the baby safely to Kumar, who then gives the baby to a kind-hearted woman. Kumar then arrives at Murthy's house and kills Murthy's henchmen but his right hand is paralysed. Murthy commits suicide to avoid a drawn-out death. Kumar is arrested and confined to jail where Kumar started to narrate the story.

Now in the present day, the police come to retrieve Kumar from his cell. Kumar thinks they will kill him.

During the closing credits, it is revealed that the incumbent Chief Minister brings Kumar out of prison and gives Kumar MLA candidacy in the election. Kumar praises Murthy and ironically announces that he would've killed the people responsible for Murthy's death if India wasn't the place where Gandhi was born. Then it is told that Kumar served three times as an MLA and two terms as the Finance Minister of Tamil Nadu, but he could not find his son.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Dhanush]] as Kokki Kumar, a normal boy who lives in Pudhupettai and later becomes a gangster in the city.
* [[Sonia Agarwal]] as Selvi, Kumar's best friend Mani's sister. Kumar marries her without any purpose or permissions.
* [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] as Krishnaveni, a prostitute who works under Anbu. Kumar falls for her and later marries her after marrying Selvi.
* [[Azhagam Perumal]] as Thamizhselvan, a politician who runs the rowdyism by Anbu later Kumar.
* [[Bala Singh]] as Anbu, Tamizhselvan's main hood.
* [[Prudhvi Raj]] as Murthy, Tamizhselvan's and Anbu's rival later Kumar's enemy.
* [[Thennavan (actor)|Thennavan]] as Selvam
* [[Munnar Ramesh]] as Sekhar, Kokki Kumar's father
* [[Aadukalam Murugadoss|Murugadoss]] as Anbu's henchman
* Bharathi Mani as Politician
* [[Nitish Veera]] as Mani, Anbu's henchman
* Suresh as Ravi, Anbu's henchman
* Jai as Anbu's henchman
* [[Sai Dheena]] as Anbu's henchman
* [[Vijay Sethupathi]] as Anbu's henchman
* [[Pasi Sathya]] as a woman who adopts Kumar's baby
{{colend}}

==Production==
Selvaraghavan was originally supposed to make a film titled ''Oru Naal Oru Kanavu'' for Lakshmi Movie Makers but shelved the venture and began working with the same producers and the same star cast of [[Dhanush]], [[Sonia Agarwal]] and [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] on the gangster film ''Pudhupettai''. The film was launched on 6 March 2005, with [[Aravind Krishna]] as cinematographer.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084645/http://www.sify.com/movies/selvas-puthupet-launched-news-tamil-kkfv7zejiia.html sify.com]</ref> Selva first approached [[Harris Jayaraj]] for the movie's music, but he refused as it is not his type of genre.<ref>http://ssmusictheblog.blogspot.in/2013/08/harris-jayaraj-says-he-thought.html?m=1 Harris Jayaraj Says He thought Selvaraghavan would be Angry at Him</ref> After his refusal, Selva finalised [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] as the composer.

Selvaraghavan called the film "an experiment" and stated it had "one of the most complicated screenplays", while revealing he was more nervous about the final product than his previous ventures.<ref>http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/24slid4.htm</ref><ref>http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/we-are-creative-gamblers/article3187821.ece</ref>

It was also the first Tamil film to be shot in Super 35 mm instead of the Cinemascope format, as well as the first to be released in digital format.<ref>http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jan/03look.htm</ref><ref>http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/how-technology-enhanced-narrative-in-pudhupettai/article3100315.ece</ref>

After the release of ''[[Pattiyal]]'' whose theme was the same as ''Pudupettai'' (depicting on gangsters in Chennai), Selvaraghavan wanted to re-do many of the scenes to make them look fresh and new, hence the delay. The re-recording was done in Bangkok, with everyone involved working overtime.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14170676|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060409084615/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14170676|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-04-09|title=Selva — In a fix?|publisher=[[Sify]]|access-date=2009-06-30}}</ref>

==Music==
{{fanpov|section|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Pudhupettai
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2005|12|16}}
| recorded = Kalasa Studio (Chennai) & Chapraya Symphony Orchestra (Bangkok) 2005
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 44:46
| label = Hit Musics Vega Music Bayshore [[Divo (record label)|Divo]] [[Think Music India|Think Music]]
| producer = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| prev_title = [[Agaram (film)|Agaram]]
| prev_year = 2005
| next_title = [[Happy (2006 film)|Happy]]
| next_year = 2005
}}

[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] and [[Selvaraghavan]] renewed their association with this film, who had earlier teamed up to create music for the films ''[[Thulluvadho Ilamai]]'' (2001), ''[[Kaadhal Kondein]]'' (2004) and ''[[7G Rainbow Colony]]'' (2005). All of the music, including the soundtrack and score, was composed in [[Thailand]], where Yuvan Shankar Raja worked with the Chao Phraya Symphony Orchestra of [[Bangkok]], which featured for the first time in a Tamil film.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/23/stories/2006052318650200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205044010/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/23/stories/2006052318650200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-12-05|title="Pudupettai" has many firsts to its credit|access-date=2009-04-18|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-05-23}}</ref> Several [[Traditional Thai musical instruments]], including [[khim]] and south, were used for the orchestration.<ref name="The Hindu"/>

The soundtrack was composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja and released on 15 December 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/News/News39/15-12-05/dhanush.html|title=Will Puduppettai resurrect Dhanush's market?|publisher=Behindwoods|access-date=2009-06-27}}</ref> It features 10 tracks, of which six are songs and the remaining four are [[Instrumentals|instrumental pieces]] which belong to the film score.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/8073.html |title=Pudhupettai Music Review songs lyrics |publisher=IndiaGlitz |date=25 January 2006 |access-date=20 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060406013259/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/8073.html|archive-date=6 April 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Musicreviews/pudhupettai/tamil-movie-pudhupettai-musicreview.html |title=Music Review : PUDUPETTAI |publisher=Behindwoods |access-date=20 August 2011}}</ref> The lyrics were written by [[Na. Muthukumar|Na Muthukumar]], who had written the lyrics for Selvaraghavan's earlier film as well.

Actor [[Kamal Haasan]] sang a song, although he didn't act in the film. The film's lead actor Dhanush sang a rap song.

Yuvan Shankar Raja received good reviews for both the songs and the film score, which is considered to be one of his best works.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Track !! Song !! Singer(s)!! Notes
|-
|1 || ''Pudhupettai Main Theme'': "Survival Of The Fittest" || [[Instrumental]] ||
|-
|2 || ''Peek Into Assassin's Life'': "Neruppu Vaayinil" || [[Kamal Haasan]] || Written by Dr.Na.MuthuKumar
|-
|3 || ''Our Story'': "Enga Yeriya" || [[Dhanush]], [[Premji Amaran]], [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] || Incorporates elements of the songs "Kunguma Pottin Mangalam" from the 1968 film ''Kudiyiruntha Kovil'', composed by [[M S Viswanathan]] and "Tharaimel Pirakka" from the 1964 film ''[[Padagotti]]'', composed by [[M S Viswanathan|Viswanathan]]-[[T. K. Ramamoorthy|Ramamoorthy]]
|-
|4 || ''Selling Dope'': "The Beginning" || [[Instrumental]] ||
|-
|5 || ''It All Comes Down To this!'': "Oru Naalil" || Yuvan Shankar Raja || Written by Dr.Na.MuthuKumar; not featured in the film
|-
|6 || ''Going Thru Emotions!'': "Prelude" || [[Instrumental]] ||
|-
|7 || ''Gangster's Marriage Party'': "Pul Pesum Poo Pesum" || [[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Tanvi Shah]], [[Premji Amaran]], Yuvan Shankar Raja ||Written by Dr.Na.MuthuKumar
|-
|8 || ''Night Life'': "Varriyaa" || Narayan, Naveen Mathav, [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Vasu ||
|-
|9 || ''Clash Of The Titans'': "The War Cry" || [[Instrumental]] ||
|-
|10 || "Oru Naalil": ''Composer's Dream Mix'' || Yuvan Shankar Raja || Remixed by DJ Rafiq; Written by Dr.Na.MuthuKumar;but not featured in the film
|}

==Release==
===Critical reception===
The film received negative reviews from critics over its slow pace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/pudhupettai-to-vada-chennai-five-excellent-tamil-films-of-dhanush-to-watch-during-the-lockdown/photostory/75048062.cms|title='Pudhupettai' - 2006|date=2020-04-08|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/won-t-rest-until-sequels-ao-and-pudhupettai-are-made-says-selvaraghavan-56781|title=Won't rest until sequels to AO and Pudhupettai are made, says Selvaraghavan|website=www.thenewsminute.com|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref> A reviewer from Sify.com saying it was "heartbreakingly disappointing and is nowhere in the league of his earlier films", and that it "doesn't unfold quickly and moves at snail pace, puffs and pants with too many characters, subplots and quite long for a gangster genre film".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160128124335/http://www.sify.com/movies/puthupettai-review-tamil-14213747.html sify.com]</ref> A reviewer from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Selvaraghavan dishes out a protracted bloodbath and somehow you feel he has let you down", while the critic at Rediff.com stated that "coming from a director like Selvaraghavan, Puthupettai is unbelievable. He loses grip over the plot and the narration goes haywire".<ref>http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/puth/20060529.htm</ref><ref>http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3218388.ece</ref>

Ten years after its release, Baradwaj Rangan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' praised the film for its innovative and subversive tone, stating "Ten years on, we still haven’t seen another film so unapologetic about the truth that crime does pay."<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Crime-does-pay/article14401230.ece</ref>

===Box office===
''Pudhupettai'' took the best ever opening for a Selvaraghan film, netting nearly {{INRConvert|27.55|l}} from five Chennai screens in three days including {{INRConvert|9.8|l}} from Sathyam Cinemas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chennai Box Office (May 26 - May 28)|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14215906&cid=13525926|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021210731/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14215906&cid=13525926|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 October 2012|access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> It went on to have an average run at the box office despite taking a grand opening, with Selvaraghavan suggesting the excessive bloodshed scenes might have kept family audiences away.<ref>http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/july-06-04/28-07-06-pudhuppettai.html</ref>

==Legacy==
Dhanush made a cameo appearance in the 2015 film ''[[Vai Raja Vai]]'' directed by his wife Aishwarya, reprising the role of Kokki Kumar.<ref>[http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-to-do-a-cameo-in-vai-raja-vai-news-tamil-olekRdjfeecjf.html sify.com]</ref> The dialogues "Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru" (You have to work like fire, Kumar) and "Kadavul Irukaan Kumaru" (God is there, Kumar) inspired the [[Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru|2013]] and [[Kadavul Irukaan Kumaru|2016 film]] of the same name, respectively.<ref name="T">https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Kollywood-movie-titles-based-on-popular-dialogues/articleshow/20831436.cms</ref><ref>http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/keerthy-suresh-and-priya-anand-likely-heroines-for-gv-prakash.html</ref> The dialogue "Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru" was also reused by [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] in ''[[Boss Engira Bhaskaran]]'' (2010).<ref name="T"/>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0459516|Pudhupettai}}

{{Selvaraghavan}}

[[Category:Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:2000s crime action films]]
[[Category:2006 crime drama films]]
[[Category:2006 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Indian political films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Selvaraghavan]]
[[Category:Political action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:2000s Tamil-language films]]

Pudhupettai

2026-03-15T14:19:11Z

172.70.93.34: Hh

{{short description|2006 film by K. Selvaraghavan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pudhupettai
| image = Pudhupettai movie poster.jpg
| caption = Pooster
| director = [[Selvaraghavan]]
| producer = K Muralidharan V Swaminathan G Venugopal
| screenplay = Selvaraghavan, Balakumaran (Dialogue)
| story = Selvaraghavan
| starring = [[Dhanush]] [[Sonia Agarwal]] [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]]
| cinematography = [[Arvind Krishna (cinematographer)|Arvind Krishna]]
| music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| editing = [[Kola Bhaskar]]
| studio = [[Lakshmi Movie Makers]]
| released = {{Film date|2006|05|26|df=y}}
| runtime = 179 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Pudhupettai''''' ({{Translation|New Hood/Area}}) is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Political fiction|political]] [[gangster film]] written and directed by [[Selvaraghavan]], starring his brother [[Dhanush]], and [[Sonia Agarwal]] and [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rangan|first1=Baradwaj|title=Crime does pay|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/looking-back-at-pudhupettai-10-years-later/article8768900.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=5 October 2016|date=25 June 2016}}</ref> The film, with music scored by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] and cinematography by Arvind Krishna, Selvaraghavan's usual crew members, was released on 26 May 2006.The film attained cult status over the years

==Plot==
The story is narrated by the main character 'Kokki' Kumar in a jail cell. 'Kokki' Kumar is a high school kid who lives in the slums of Pudhupettai, Chennai. After coming home from a film, he sees his mother's dead body, killed by his father. After learning that his father will kill him too, Kumar runs away from home.
Homeless and with no food, he resorts to begging until he is falsely arrested while watching police arresting goons on the street. After being released on bail, he befriends Mani and other accused, all of whom work for Anbu. Anbu works for the opposition party's leader Thamizhselvan, who is a goon and local politician. They take Kumar under their wing and give him petty jobs. During a confrontation with rival gangsters headed by the ruling party's politician Murthy, Kumar kills Murthy's brother single-handedly amidst 100 goons, earning the respect of his gang.

Anbu makes him join a gang consisting of professional killers. There Kumar learns the way of being a killer while surviving attacks from Murthy's men. The gang refuses to help Kumar avoid Murthy's men since their intervention would spark a gang war. Kumar murders several of his opponents singlehandedly, earning him respect.

Krishnaveni is a prostitute who works under Anbu. Kumar likes her and asks Anbu to release her. Anbu is shocked at Kumar's audacity and refuses his request. He thrashes Krishnaveni and orders his men to kill Kumar. Kumar approaches Anbu and begs pardon, but when Anbu refuses, Kumar kills him. Thamizhselvan allows Kumar to take over Anbu's business only if he can survive the night from Anbu's men. Kumar survives and Thamizhselvan makes good on his word.

Anbu's goons refuse to obey Kumar since he is young and inexperienced. But Kumar kills his enraged opposition, as well as his father, and becomes a dreaded don in North Chennai. Murthy is paralysed by Kumar's men for refusing a truce. Kumar then meets Selvi, Mani's sister, and marries her forcibly on the eve of her wedding. Mani tries to kill Kumar unsuccessfully then joins Murthy's gang. Meanwhile, Krishnaveni reveals that she is pregnant with Kumar's child and Kumar marries her as well.

Mani becomes an approver and testifies to all Kumar's killings. But during the trial, Kumar threatens Selvi and her mother, and is let off. Kumar is given a post in the party by Thamizhselvan to prevent Kumar from defecting. Due to his increasing crime record and fear of being killed, Kumar asks for a seat as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) but is ridiculed by everyone including Thamizhselvan. Kumar flashes his sickle in front of the party cadre, some of whom are far more dreaded dons, and is kicked out.

Murthy learns about this and plans to assassinate Kumar and his family. Fearing for their safety, Kumar sends Krishnaveni and his child away, but Murthy's men intercept them, kill her and take the child. He requests Selvi to ask her brother Mani for help, but she refuses and reveals her displeasure at how Kumar ruined her life and that she plans to return to her former fiancé. Mani is compassionate enough to return the baby safely to Kumar, who then gives the baby to a kind-hearted woman. Kumar then arrives at Murthy's house and kills Murthy's henchmen but his right hand is paralysed. Murthy commits suicide to avoid a drawn-out death. Kumar is arrested and confined to jail where Kumar started to narrate the story.

Now in the present day, the police come to retrieve Kumar from his cell. Kumar thinks they will kill him.

During the closing credits, it is revealed that the incumbent Chief Minister brings Kumar out of prison and gives Kumar MLA candidacy in the election. Kumar praises Murthy and ironically announces that he would've killed the people responsible for Murthy's death if India wasn't the place where Gandhi was born. Then it is told that Kumar served three times as an MLA and two terms as the Finance Minister of Tamil Nadu, but he could not find his son.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Dhanush]] as Kokki Kumar, a normal boy who lives in Pudhupettai and later becomes a gangster in the city.
* [[Sonia Agarwal]] as Selvi, Kumar's best friend Mani's sister. Kumar marries her without any purpose or permissions.
* [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] as Krishnaveni, a prostitute who works under Anbu. Kumar falls for her and later marries her after marrying Selvi.
* [[Azhagam Perumal]] as Thamizhselvan, a politician who runs the rowdyism by Anbu later Kumar.
* [[Bala Singh]] as Anbu, Tamizhselvan's main hood.
* [[Prudhvi Raj]] as Murthy, Tamizhselvan's and Anbu's rival later Kumar's enemy.
* [[Thennavan (actor)|Thennavan]] as Selvam
* [[Munnar Ramesh]] as Sekhar, Kokki Kumar's father
* [[Aadukalam Murugadoss|Murugadoss]] as Anbu's henchman
* Bharathi Mani as Politician
* [[Nitish Veera]] as Mani, Anbu's henchman
* Suresh as Ravi, Anbu's henchman
* Jai as Anbu's henchman
* [[Sai Dheena]] as Anbu's henchman
* [[Vijay Sethupathi]] as Anbu's henchman
* [[Pasi Sathya]] as a woman who adopts Kumar's baby
{{colend}}

==Production==
Selvaraghavan was originally supposed to make a film titled ''Oru Naal Oru Kanavu'' for Lakshmi Movie Makers but shelved the venture and began working with the same producers and the same star cast of [[Dhanush]], [[Sonia Agarwal]] and [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] on the gangster film ''Pudhupettai''. The film was launched on 6 March 2005, with [[Aravind Krishna]] as cinematographer.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084645/http://www.sify.com/movies/selvas-puthupet-launched-news-tamil-kkfv7zejiia.html sify.com]</ref> Selva first approached [[Harris Jayaraj]] for the movie's music, but he refused as it is not his type of genre.<ref>http://ssmusictheblog.blogspot.in/2013/08/harris-jayaraj-says-he-thought.html?m=1 Harris Jayaraj Says He thought Selvaraghavan would be Angry at Him</ref> After his refusal, Selva finalised [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] as the composer.

Selvaraghavan called the film "an experiment" and stated it had "one of the most complicated screenplays", while revealing he was more nervous about the final product than his previous ventures.<ref>http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/24slid4.htm</ref><ref>http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/we-are-creative-gamblers/article3187821.ece</ref>

It was also the first Tamil film to be shot in Super 35 mm instead of the Cinemascope format, as well as the first to be released in digital format.<ref>http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jan/03look.htm</ref><ref>http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/how-technology-enhanced-narrative-in-pudhupettai/article3100315.ece</ref>

After the release of ''[[Pattiyal]]'' whose theme was the same as ''Pudupettai'' (depicting on gangsters in Chennai), Selvaraghavan wanted to re-do many of the scenes to make them look fresh and new, hence the delay. The re-recording was done in Bangkok, with everyone involved working overtime.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14170676|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060409084615/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14170676|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-04-09|title=Selva — In a fix?|publisher=[[Sify]]|access-date=2009-06-30}}</ref>

==Music==
{{fanpov|section|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Pudhupettai
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2005|12|16}}
| recorded = Kalasa Studio (Chennai) & Chapraya Symphony Orchestra (Bangkok) 2005
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 44:46
| label = Hit Musics Vega Music Bayshore [[Divo (record label)|Divo]] [[Think Music India|Think Music]]
| producer = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| prev_title = [[Agaram (film)|Agaram]]
| prev_year = 2005
| next_title = [[Happy (2006 film)|Happy]]
| next_year = 2005
}}

[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] and [[Selvaraghavan]] renewed their association with this film, who had earlier teamed up to create music for the films ''[[Thulluvadho Ilamai]]'' (2001), ''[[Kaadhal Kondein]]'' (2004) and ''[[7G Rainbow Colony]]'' (2005). All of the music, including the soundtrack and score, was composed in [[Thailand]], where Yuvan Shankar Raja worked with the Chao Phraya Symphony Orchestra of [[Bangkok]], which featured for the first time in a Tamil film.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/23/stories/2006052318650200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205044010/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/23/stories/2006052318650200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-12-05|title="Pudupettai" has many firsts to its credit|access-date=2009-04-18|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-05-23}}</ref> Several [[Traditional Thai musical instruments]], including [[khim]] and south, were used for the orchestration.<ref name="The Hindu"/>

The soundtrack was composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja and released on 15 December 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/News/News39/15-12-05/dhanush.html|title=Will Puduppettai resurrect Dhanush's market?|publisher=Behindwoods|access-date=2009-06-27}}</ref> It features 10 tracks, of which six are songs and the remaining four are [[Instrumentals|instrumental pieces]] which belong to the film score.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/8073.html |title=Pudhupettai Music Review songs lyrics |publisher=IndiaGlitz |date=25 January 2006 |access-date=20 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060406013259/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/8073.html|archive-date=6 April 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Musicreviews/pudhupettai/tamil-movie-pudhupettai-musicreview.html |title=Music Review : PUDUPETTAI |publisher=Behindwoods |access-date=20 August 2011}}</ref> The lyrics were written by [[Na. Muthukumar|Na Muthukumar]], who had written the lyrics for Selvaraghavan's earlier film as well.

Actor [[Kamal Haasan]] sang a song, although he didn't act in the film. The film's lead actor Dhanush sang a rap song.

Yuvan Shankar Raja received good reviews for both the songs and the film score, which is considered to be one of his best works.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Track !! Song !! Singer(s)!! Notes
|-
|1 || ''Pudhupettai Main Theme'': "Survival Of The Fittest" || [[Instrumental]] ||
|-
|2 || ''Peek Into Assassin's Life'': "Neruppu Vaayinil" || [[Kamal Haasan]] || Written by Dr.Na.MuthuKumar
|-
|3 || ''Our Story'': "Enga Yeriya" || [[Dhanush]], [[Premji Amaran]], [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] || Incorporates elements of the songs "Kunguma Pottin Mangalam" from the 1968 film ''Kudiyiruntha Kovil'', composed by [[M S Viswanathan]] and "Tharaimel Pirakka" from the 1964 film ''[[Padagotti]]'', composed by [[M S Viswanathan|Viswanathan]]-[[T. K. Ramamoorthy|Ramamoorthy]]
|-
|4 || ''Selling Dope'': "The Beginning" || [[Instrumental]] ||
|-
|5 || ''It All Comes Down To this!'': "Oru Naalil" || Yuvan Shankar Raja || Written by Dr.Na.MuthuKumar; not featured in the film
|-
|6 || ''Going Thru Emotions!'': "Prelude" || [[Instrumental]] ||
|-
|7 || ''Gangster's Marriage Party'': "Pul Pesum Poo Pesum" || [[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Tanvi Shah]], [[Premji Amaran]], Yuvan Shankar Raja ||Written by Dr.Na.MuthuKumar
|-
|8 || ''Night Life'': "Varriyaa" || Narayan, Naveen Mathav, [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Vasu ||
|-
|9 || ''Clash Of The Titans'': "The War Cry" || [[Instrumental]] ||
|-
|10 || "Oru Naalil": ''Composer's Dream Mix'' || Yuvan Shankar Raja || Remixed by DJ Rafiq; Written by Dr.Na.MuthuKumar;but not featured in the film
|}

==Release==
===Critical reception===
The film received negative reviews from critics over its slow pace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/pudhupettai-to-vada-chennai-five-excellent-tamil-films-of-dhanush-to-watch-during-the-lockdown/photostory/75048062.cms|title='Pudhupettai' - 2006|date=2020-04-08|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/won-t-rest-until-sequels-ao-and-pudhupettai-are-made-says-selvaraghavan-56781|title=Won't rest until sequels to AO and Pudhupettai are made, says Selvaraghavan|website=www.thenewsminute.com|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref> A reviewer from Sify.com saying it was "heartbreakingly disappointing and is nowhere in the league of his earlier films", and that it "doesn't unfold quickly and moves at snail pace, puffs and pants with too many characters, subplots and quite long for a gangster genre film".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160128124335/http://www.sify.com/movies/puthupettai-review-tamil-14213747.html sify.com]</ref> A reviewer from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Selvaraghavan dishes out a protracted bloodbath and somehow you feel he has let you down", while the critic at Rediff.com stated that "coming from a director like Selvaraghavan, Puthupettai is unbelievable. He loses grip over the plot and the narration goes haywire".<ref>http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/puth/20060529.htm</ref><ref>http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3218388.ece</ref>

Ten years after its release, Baradwaj Rangan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' praised the film for its innovative and subversive tone, stating "Ten years on, we still haven’t seen another film so unapologetic about the truth that crime does pay."<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Crime-does-pay/article14401230.ece</ref>

===Box office===
''Pudhupettai'' took the best ever opening for a Selvaraghan film, netting nearly {{INRConvert|27.55|l}} from five Chennai screens in three days including {{INRConvert|9.8|l}} from Sathyam Cinemas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chennai Box Office (May 26 - May 28)|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14215906&cid=13525926|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021210731/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14215906&cid=13525926|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 October 2012|access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> It went on to have an average run at the box office despite taking a grand opening, with Selvaraghavan suggesting the excessive bloodshed scenes might have kept family audiences away.<ref>http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/july-06-04/28-07-06-pudhuppettai.html</ref>

==Legacy==
Dhanush made a cameo appearance in the 2015 film ''[[Vai Raja Vai]]'' directed by his wife Aishwarya, reprising the role of Kokki Kumar.<ref>[http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-to-do-a-cameo-in-vai-raja-vai-news-tamil-olekRdjfeecjf.html sify.com]</ref> The dialogues "Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru" (You have to work like fire, Kumar) and "Kadavul Irukaan Kumaru" (God is there, Kumar) inspired the [[Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru|2013]] and [[Kadavul Irukaan Kumaru|2016 film]] of the same name, respectively.<ref name="T">https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Kollywood-movie-titles-based-on-popular-dialogues/articleshow/20831436.cms</ref><ref>http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/keerthy-suresh-and-priya-anand-likely-heroines-for-gv-prakash.html</ref> The dialogue "Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru" was also reused by [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] in ''[[Boss Engira Bhaskaran]]'' (2010).<ref name="T"/>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0459516|Pudhupettai}}

{{Selvaraghavan}}

[[Category:Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:2000s crime action films]]
[[Category:2006 crime drama films]]
[[Category:2006 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Indian political films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Selvaraghavan]]
[[Category:Political action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:2000s Tamil-language films]]

Yadav

2026-03-12T06:28:40Z

172.70.93.34:

{{short description|Social communities of India }}
{{About|modern communities}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}

{{Infobox caste
| region = [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Haryana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Telangana]], [[West Bengal]], [[Assam]], [[Odisha]] [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Nepal]] [[Delhi]], [[Mauritius]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| languages = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]], [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Marwari language|Marwari]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
}}

'''Yadav''' refers to a grouping of traditionally non-elite,<ref name="Bayly2001-p383"/><ref name=michelutti-2004>{{Citation|last=Michelutti|first=Lucia|title='We (Yadavs) are a caste of politicians': Caste and modern politics in a north Indian town|journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology|year=2004|volume=38|issue=1–2|pages=43–71|doi=10.1177/006996670403800103|s2cid=144951057}} Quote: "The Yadavs were traditionally a low-to-middle-ranking cluster of pastoral-peasant castes that have become a significant political force in Uttar Pradesh (and other northern states like Bihar) in the last thirty years."</ref> [[peasant]]-[[pastoral]] communities or [[Caste system in India|castes]] in India that since the 19th and 20th centuries<ref name=pinch-p90/><ref name="Hutton1969">{{cite book|last=Hutton|first=John Henry|author-link=John Henry Hutton|title=Caste in India: its nature, function and origins|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3_YNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA113|year=1969|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=113}} Quote: "In a not dissimilar way the various cow-keeping castes of northern India were combining in 1931 to use the common term of Yadava for their various castes, Ahir, Goala, Gopa, etc., and to claim a Rajput origin of extremely doubtful authenticity."</ref> have claimed descent from the mythological king [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yadu]] as a part of a movement of social and political resurgence.<ref name="socialesAnthropology2001">{{cite book|last1=Jassal|first1=Smita Tewari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jA0tAQAAIAAJ|title=Contributions to Indian sociology|author2=École pratique des hautes études (France). Section des sciences économiques et sociales|author3=University of Oxford. Institute of Social Anthropology|publisher=Mouton|year=2001|pages=319–351|chapter=Caste in the Colonial State: Mallahs in the census}} Quote: "The movement, which had a wide interregional spread, attempted to submerge regional names such as Goala, Ahir, Ahar, Gopa, etc., in favour of the generic term Yadava (Rao 1979). Hence a number of pastoralist castes were subsumed under Yadava, in accordance with decisions taken by the regional and national level caste sabhas. The Yadavas became the first among the shudras to gain the right to wear the janeu, a case of successful sanskritisation which continues till date. As a prominent agriculturist caste in the region, despite belonging to the shudra varna, the Yadavas claimed Kshatriya status tracing descent from the Yadu dynasty. The caste's efforts matched those of census officials, for whom standardisation of overlapping names was a matter of policy. The success of the Yadava movement also lies in the fact that, among the jaati sabhas, the Yadava sabha was probably the strongest, its journal, ''Ahir Samachar'', having an all-India spread. These factors strengthened local efforts, such as in Bhojpur, where the Yadavas, locally known as Ahirs, refused to do ''[[begar]]'', or forced labour, for the landlords and simultaneously prohibited liquor consumption, child marriages, and so on."</ref> The term ''Yadav'' now covers many traditional peasant-pastoral castes such as [[Ahirs]] of the [[Hindi belt]] and the [[Gavli]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="Bayly2001-p383">{{cite book|author=Susan Bayly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA383|title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-521-79842-6|page=200, 383|author-link=Susan Bayly}} Quote: '''Ahir''': Caste title of North Indian non-elite 'peasant'-pastoralists, known also as Yadav."</ref><ref name="Jaffrelot2003p187">{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=187-188|first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC|quote=[187] The term "Yadav" covers many castes which initially had different names: Ahir in the Hindi belt, Punjab and Gujarat, Gavli in Maharashtra, Gola in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka etc. Their traditional common function, all over India, was that of herdsman, cowherds and milksellers. [188] In practice, the Yadavs today spend most of their time tilling the land. At the turn of the century in the Central Provinces two-thirds of Ahirs were already cultivators and labourers while less than one third raised cattle and dealt with milk and milk products.|language=en}}</ref>

Historically, the Ahir and Yadav groups had an ambiguous ritual status in caste stratification.<ref name=ambiguous-ritual-status>{{citation|last=Michelutti|first=Lucia|location=London and New York|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=978-0-415-46732-2|page=220|title=The Vernacularisation of Democracy: Politics, Caste and Religion in India|series=Exploring the Political in South Asia|quote=Historically, the Ahir caste/community also had an ambiguous ritual status in the caste hierarchy. Amongst the Ahir/Yadav case we find ''rajas, zamindars, sepoys'', and cowherders who have been conceived and categorised either as warriors and as belonging to the Kshatriya ''varna'', or as lower caste and belonging to the ''shudra'' varna. In Ahirwal, members of Ahir seigneurial lineages have come to be known by the title Rajput. (p. 220)}}</ref>{{efn|From the mid-19th century onward, many British ethnographies attempted to understand India's tribes and castes by attempting to document the differences and to explain them in the prevailing ideologies of the period; the lack of such understanding was felt to be one of the reasons for the Indian rebellion of 1857.<ref name=rand-post-1857>{{citation|last=Rand|first=Gavin|title=Mutiny on the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857, Volume 7|editor1-last=Rand|editor1-first=Gavin|editor2-last=Bates|editor2-first=Crispin|chapter=Reconstructing the Imperial Military after the Rebellion|date=6 June 2013 |page=101|isbn=978-81-321-1053-8|quote=However, while ethnography was thus made central to the process of reconstruction, there remained a good deal of ambiguity regarding distinctions of race, caste and tribe. An investigation into the utility of various ‘low caste’ levies raised during 1857 was abandoned in 1861 when it emerged that while some officers had raised troops from sweepers and outcastes, others understood the term to refer simply to those regiments raised without Brahmins. This is simply one example of the numerous, wider ambiguities which inflect colonial knowledge in this period and which (amongst other factors) militated against radical change in the aftermath of the rebellion. This ambiguity was reflected in much of the evidence gathered by the Royal Commission, where geographic and regional distinctions overlapped and complicated religious and ethnic identities. Nevertheless, the administrative impulse to know India after 1857 is evident throughout the process of reflection and reconstruction undertaken by the imperial military. However, as the diversity of opinion gathered by the Royal Commission makes clear, while there was general recognition that ethnographic knowledge was key to the business of administering the Native army, there was much less agreement on the precise mechanisms by which such administration could be carried forth and, often, widespread confusion over the most salient aspects of Indian ethnography, culture and tradition. In part, the injunction to know India and its peoples is characteristic of the period.<Footnote 35 (p. 111)>: See, for example, the illustrated taxonomy of Indian ethnographic types prepared by Kaye, Watson, and Meadows Taylor and published as ''The People of India: A Series of Photographic Illustrations with Descriptive Letterpress, of the Races and Tribes of Hindustan, Originally Prepared under the Authority of the Government of India and Reproduced by the Order of the Secretary of State in Council'' (London: W. H. Allen, 1868)>}}</ref>}} Since the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Yadav movement has worked to improve the social standing of its constituents,<ref name="LeshnikSontheimer1975">{{cite book|last1=Leshnik|first1=Lawrence S.|last2=Sontheimer|first2=Günther-Dietz|title=Pastoralists and nomads in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0rEKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA218|year=1975|publisher=O. Harrassowitz|page=218|isbn=9783447015523}} Quote: "The Ahir and allied cowherd castes (whether actually pastoralists or cultivators, as in the Punjab) have recently organized a pan-Indian caste association with political as well as social reformist goals using the epic designation of Yadava (or Jadava) Vanshi Kshatriya, ie the warrior caste descending from the Yadava lineage of the Mahabharata fame."</ref> through [[Sanskritisation]],<ref name="Jaffrelot2003-p210-211">{{cite book|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJZp5tDuY-gC&pg=PA210|year=2003|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-12786-8|pages=210–211}} Quote: "In his typology of low caste movements, (M. S. A.) Rao distinguishes five categories. The first is characterised by 'withdrawal and self-organisation'. ... The second one, illustrated by the Yadavs, is based on the claim of 'higher ''varna'' status' and fits with Sanskritisation pattern. ..."</ref> active participation in the armed forces,<ref name=pinch-p90>{{cite book|last=Pinch|first=William R.|title=Peasants and monks in British India|url=https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc|url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-20061-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc/page/90 90]}} Quote: "''Gopis'', ''Goalas'', and ''Ahirs'', who would by the early 1900s begin referring to themselves as ''Yadav'' kshatriyas, had long sought and attained (after 1898) recruitment as soldiers in the British Indian army, particularly in the Western Gangetic Plain."</ref> expansion of economic opportunities to include other, more prestigious business fields, and active participation in politics.<ref name="LeshnikSontheimer1975"/> Yadav leaders and intellectuals have often focused on their claimed descent from Yadu, and from [[Krishna]],<ref name=gooptuMAS1997>{{Citation|last=Gooptu|first=Nandini|title=The Urban Poor and Militant Hinduism in Early Twentieth-Century Uttar Pradesh|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=31|issue=4 (Oct., 1997)|pages=879–918|jstor=312848|doi=10.1017/s0026749x00017194|year=1997|s2cid=146484298 }} Quote: " ... Lord Krishna, a legendary warrior and a Hindu deity, whom some shudra castes, notably the ahir or yadav, claim to be their ancestor." (page 902)</ref> which they argue confers [[kshatriya]] status upon them,<ref name="Bayly2001-p84">{{cite book|last=Bayly|first=Susan|title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA84|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-79842-6|page=84}} Quote: "They had many counterparts elsewhere, most notably in the Gangetic plain where users of titles like Ahir, Jat and Goala turned increasingly towards the cow-cherishing rustic piety associated with the cult of Krishna. With its visions of milkmaids and sylvan raptures, and its cultivation of divine bounty in the form of sweet milky essences, this form of Vishnu worship offered an inviting path to 'caste Hindu' life for many people of martial pastoralist background.42 Footnote 42: "From the later nineteenth century the title Yadav was widely adopted in preference to Goala. ..."</ref> and effort has been invested in recasting the group narrative to emphasise ''kshatriya''-like valour,<ref name="Flueckiger1996-p137-138">{{cite book|last=Flueckiger|first=Joyce Burkhalter|title=Gender and Genre in the Folklore of Middle India|url=https://archive.org/details/gendergenreinfol00flue|url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-8344-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/gendergenreinfol00flue/page/137 137]}} Quote: "Another way to confirm their warrior status was to try to associate themselves with Yadav cowherding caste of the divine cowherd Krishna, calling themselves Yadavs instead of Ahirs. Ahir intelligensia "rewrote" certain historical documents to prove this connection, forming a national Yadav organization that continues to coordinate and promote the mobility drive of the caste. Integral to this movement are retelling of caste history that reflect its martial character; ..."</ref> however, the overall tenor of their movement has not been overtly [[egalitarian]] in the context of the larger Indian caste system.<ref name="Jaffrelot2003-p211">{{cite book|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJZp5tDuY-gC&pg=PA210|year=2003|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-12786-8|page=211}} Quote: "Rather, the low caste movements can more pertinently be regrouped in two broader categories: first, the reform movements situating themselves within the Hindu way of life, be they relying on the mechanisms of Sanskritisation or on the ''bhakti'' tradition; and second those which are based on an ethnic or western ideology with a strong egalitarian overtone. The Yadav movement—and to a lesser extent the Ezhavas—can be classified in the first group whereas all the other ones belong to the second category. Interestingly none of the latter has a North Indian origin."</ref> Yadavs benefited from [[Zamindar#Abolition|Zamindari abolition]] in some states of north India like [[Bihar]], but not to the extent that members of other [[Upper Backward Castes]] did.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zA2rCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT169|title=Government of Peace: Social Governance, Security and the Problematic of Peace|author=Ranabir Samaddar|page=169|
publisher=Routledge|year= 2016|
isbn=978-1317125372|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref>

==Origins==

===In mythology===
The term ''Yadav'' (or sometimes ''[[Yadava]]'') has been interpreted to mean ''a descendant of Yadu'', who is a mythological king.<ref name=Rao1979p124>{{cite book |title=Social movements and social transformation: a study of two backward classes movements in India |first=M. S. A. |last=Rao |author-link=M. S. A. Rao |publisher=Macmillan |year=1979 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWEiAQAAMAAJ |page=124|isbn=9780836421330 }}</ref>

Using "very broad generalisations", Jayant Gadkari says that it is "almost certain" from analysis of the ''[[Puranas]]'' that [[Andhaka]], [[Vrishni]], [[Yadava#The Satvatas|Satvata]] and [[Abhira tribe|Abhira]] were collectively known as ''Yadavas'' and worshipped Krishna. Gadkari further notes of these ancient works that "It is beyond dispute that each of the ''Puranas'' consists of legends and myths ... but what is important is that, within that framework [a] certain value system is propounded".<ref>{{cite book |title=Society and religion: from Rugveda to Puranas |first=Jayant |last=Gadkari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zst_7qaatp8C |pages=179, 183–184 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=Bombay |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7154-743-2}}</ref>

Lucia Michelutti notes that {{quote|At the core of the Yadav community lies a specific folk theory of descent, according to which all Indian pastoral castes are said to descend from the Yadu dynasty (hence the label Yadav) to which Krishna (a cowherder, and supposedly a Kshatriya) belonged. ... [there is] a strong belief amongst them that all Yadavs belong to Krishna's line of descent, the Yadav subdivisions of today being the outcome of a fission of an original and undifferentiated group.<ref name=Michelutti2004p49>{{cite journal |title="We (Yadavs) are a caste of politicians": Caste and modern politics in a north Indian town |first=Lucia |last=Michelutti|journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology |date=February 2004 |volume=38 |issue=1–2 |page=49 |doi=10.1177/006996670403800103|s2cid=144951057 }}{{subscription required}}</ref>}}

Historians such as P. M. Chandorkar have used epigraphical and similar evidence to argue that Ahirs and Gavlis are representative of the ancient Yadavas and Abhiras mentioned in [[Sanskrit]] works.<ref>{{Cite book|first = Sumit | last = Guha |title=Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200-1991| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GSa5blriOYcC&pg=PA47|year = 2006| publisher = University of Cambridge|page=47|isbn=978-0-521-02870-7}}</ref>

===In practice===
[[File:Gujarati Ahir.jpg|thumb|300x300px|This is a picture clicked during an Ahir caste meeting in Gujarat.]]
There are several communities that coalesce to form the Yadavs. [[Christophe Jaffrelot]] has remarked that
{{quote|The term 'Yadav' covers many castes which initially had different names: [[Ahir]] in the Hindi belt, Punjab and Gujarat, [[Gavli]] in Maharashtra, [[Golla (caste)|Golla]] in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka etc. Their traditional common function, all over India, was that of herdsmen, cowherds and milksellers.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p187/>}}

However, Jaffrelot has also said that most of the modern Yadavs are cultivators, mainly engaged in tilling the land, and less than one third of the population are occupied in raising cattle or the milk business.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=188 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC}}</ref>

[[M. S. A. Rao]] had earlier expressed the same opinion as Jaffrelot, and noted that the traditional association with cattle, together with the belief in descent from Yadu, defines the community.<ref name=Rao1979p124/> According to [[David G. Mandelbaum|David Mandelbaum]], the association of the Yadav (and their constituent castes, [[Ahir]] and [[Gwala (community)|Gwala]]) with cattle has impacted on their commonly viewed ritual status (varna) as [[Shudra]], although the community's members often claim the higher status of Kshatriya. The Shudra status is explained by the nomadic nature of herdsmen, which constrained the ability of other groups in the varna system to validate the adherence to practices of ritual purity; by their involvement in castration of the animals, which was considered to be a ritually polluting act; and because the sale of milk, as opposed to personal use thereof, was thought to represent economic gain from a sacrosanct product.<ref>{{cite book |title=Society in India |volume=2 |first=David Goodman |last=Mandelbaum |author-link=David Goodman Mandelbaum |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-520-01623-1 |pages=442–443 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igfd9YYCqf8C}}</ref>

According to Lucia Michelutti:
{{quote|... Yadavs constantly trace their caste predispositions and skills to descent, and in doing so they affirm their distinctiveness as a caste. For them, caste is not just appellation but quality of blood (Yalman 1969: 87, in Gupta 2000: 82). This view is not recent. The Ahirs (today Yadavs) had a lineage view of caste (Fox 1971; Unnithan-Kumar 1997) that was based on a strong ideological model of descent. This descent-based kinship structure was also linked to a specific Kshatriya and their religious tradition centred on Krishna mythology and pastoral warrior hero-god cults.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gupta|first1=Dipankar|last2=Michelutti|first2=Lucia|editor=Dipankar Gupta|title=Caste in Question: Identity or hierarchy?|volume=Contributions to Indian Sociology|year=2004|publisher=Sage Publications|location=New Delhi, California, London|isbn=0-7619-3324-7|pages=48/Lucia Michelutti|chapter=2. 'We (Yadavs) are a caste of politicians': Caste and modern politics in a north Indian town}}</ref>}}

==Yadavs in modern India==

[[File:Ahir woman.jpg|right|upright=1.2|thumb|A woman of the [[Ahir]] community, which falls within the Yadav group, harvesting wheat in western India. Many Yadavs have taken to non-traditional occupations]]

===Occupational background, location and social status===

The Yadavs mostly live in [[Northern India]], and particularly in [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]].<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p196/><ref name=Mandelbaum1970p442/> Traditionally, they were a non-elite<ref name="Luce2008">{{cite book|last=Luce|first=Edward|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oMYeyhrgd_wC&pg=PT133|title=In Spite of the Gods: The Rise of Modern India|publisher=Random House Digital, Inc.|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4000-7977-3|page=133|author-link=Edward Luce}} Quote: "The Yadavs are one of India's largest 'Other Backward Classes,' a government term that covers most of India's [[Shudra|Sudra]] castes. Yadavs are the traditional cowherd caste of North India and are relatively low down on the traditional pecking order, but not as low as the untouchable Mahars or Chamars."</ref><ref name="michelutti-2004"/> pastoral caste. Their traditional occupations changed over time and for many years Yadavs have been primarily involved in cultivation,<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p188/> although Michelutti has noted a "recurrent pattern" since the 1950s whereby economic advancement has progressed through involvement in cattle-related business to transportation and thence to construction. Employment with the army and the police have been other traditional occupations in northern India, and more recently government employment in that region has also become significant. She believes that [[positive discrimination]] measures and gains as a consequence of [[land reform]] legislation have been important factors in at least some areas.<ref>{{cite journal |title="We (Yadavs) are a caste of politicians": Caste and modern politics in a north Indian town |first=Lucia |last=Michelutti|journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology |date=February 2004 |volume=38 |issue=1–2 |pages=52–53 |doi=10.1177/006996670403800103|s2cid=144951057 }}{{subscription required}}</ref>

Lucia Michelutti notes that {{quote|Colonial ethnographers left a legacy of hundreds of pages of ethnographic and ethnological details which portray the Ahir/Yadavs as "Kshatriyas", "martial" and "wealthy", or as "Shudras", "cowherders", "milk sellers" and low in status terms. In short there has been no consensus on the nature of the Ahir caste/tribe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2106/1/U613338.pdf|title=Sons of Krishna: the politics of Yadav community formation in a North Indian town|last=Michelutti|first=Lucia|year=2002|access-date=13 September 2019|page=83}}</ref>}}

J. S. Alter notes that in North India the majority of the wrestlers are of the Yadav caste. He explains this as being due to their involvement in the milk business and dairy farms, which thus provides easy access to the milk and [[ghee]] deemed to be essential to a good diet.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Wrestling with (Body) Politics: Understanding 'Goonda' Political Styles in North India |first=Lucia |last=Michelutti |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8bfCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA55 |page=55 |title= Power and Influence in India: Bosses, Lords and Captains: Exploring the Political in South Asia |editor1-first=Pamela |editor1-last=Price |editor2-first=Arild Engelsen |editor2-last=Ruud |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-13619-799-4}}</ref>

Although the Yadavs have formed a fairly significant proportion of the population in various areas, including 11% of that of Bihar in 1931, their interest in pastoral activities was not traditionally matched by ownership of land and consequently they were not a "dominant caste". Their traditional position, which Jaffrelot describes as "low caste peasants", also militated against any dominant role. Their involvement in pastoralism accounts for a traditional view of Yadavs as being peaceful, while their particular association with cows has a special significance in Hinduism, as do their beliefs regarding Krishna.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p188>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=188 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC}}</ref> Against this image, [[Robert Vane Russell|Russell and Lal]], writing in 1916, called the Ahir subdivision uncouth, although it is unclear whether their comments were based entirely on proverbial stories, on observation or on both.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ |title=Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India |volume=2 |year=1916 |page=[https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ/page/37 37] |first1=R. V. |last1=Russell |first2=Raj Bahadur Hira |last2=Lal |publisher=Macmillan |location=London}}</ref> Tilak Gupta said that this view persisted in modern times in Bihar, where the Yadav were viewed in highly negative terms by other groups.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Yadav Ascendancy in Bihar Politics |first=Tilak D. |last=Gupta |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=27 |issue=26 |date=27 June 1992 |pages=1304–1306 |jstor=4398537}}{{subscription required}}</ref> However, Michelutti observed, these very same people acknowledge and coveted their political influence, connections and abilities.<ref name="Lucia">{{cite web |title=Wrestling with (body) politics: understanding 'goonda' political styles in North India|url=http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:C4SaepWFzv0J:scholar.google.com/+michelutti+yadav+goonda&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5|last=Michelutti|work= Quote:"I saw many high-caste people, who refer to Yadavs as goondas in a disapproving fashion using their 'services'. Their connections, political influence and abilities are thus practically acknowledged. By the end of the fieldwork the same non-Yadav informants who advise me of not going around with politicians asked me to use my 'Yadav contacts' to help them to get their telephone line sorted out, to get a taxi-licence or to speed up a court case."|access-date=27 October 2011}}</ref>

The Yadavs have, however, demonstrated a feature, driven by their more notable members, that shares a similarity with other Indian communities. Mandelbaum has noted that {{quote|As the families of a [[jāti]], in sufficient number, accrue a strong power base, and as their leading men become united enough to move together for higher status, they typically step up their efforts to improve their jāti customs. They try to abandon demeaning practices and to adopt purer and more prestigious ways. They usually want to drop the old name for a better one.<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p442>{{cite book |title=Society in India |volume=2 |first=David Goodman |last=Mandelbaum |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-520-01623-1 |page=442 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igfd9YYCqf8C}}</ref>}}

In Bihar, the political advancement of Yadavs didn't improve their relative marginalisation in other fields. The spread of education among the community remained less as compared to more advanced [[Other Backward Caste]]s like [[Kurmi|Awadhia Kurmi]], [[Koeri]] and [[Bania (caste)|Bania]]. The attachment of Yadavs with the pastoral activities has been responsible behind their lower position in caste hierarchy as compared to owner cultivator castes among the [[Other Backward Class|OBC]]s. In areas where the communal ownership of land prevailed, trespassing into the fields by Yadav cattle herders to feed the cattle remained the part of their daily struggle for survival. Since such communal lands were mostly appropriated by village landlords, the caste occupation of Yadavs brought them in conflict with latter, and such skirmishes gave a militant and aggressive edge to the community's character. This followed their portrayal as "uncultured brutes" in the elitist discourses, which largely mirrors extreme backwardness still prevalent in large section of this community. The attempt to move up in the social ladder also remained evident in the nature of community and in due course of time "thriftiness" was observed to be a phenomenon, where they tried to save and buy small plot of lands, to be classified as owner cultivators.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Tilak D.|last=Gupta.|title= "Yadav Ascendancy in Bihar Politics."|journal=Economic and Political Weekly| volume= 27|issue= 26|year=1992|pages=1304–06|jstor=4398537}}</ref>

===Sanskritisation===
{{Main|Sanskritisation}}
[[File:GauwliesCowherdsBerar1874.jpg|right|thumb|Two cowherds from the Gauwli caste (now a part of the Yadav group) in [[Amravati Division|Berar]] (now in [[Maharashtra]]) 1874]]
[[File:GauliMysoreBuffaloHerderLingayat1875.jpg|right|thumb|A buffalo herder from the [[Lingayat]] Gauli caste (now a part of the Yadav group) in Mysore state (now [[Karnataka]], 1875]]
By the end of the nineteenth century, some Yadavs had become successful cattle traders and others had been awarded government contracts to care for cattle.<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p443>{{cite book |title=Society in India |volume=2 |first=David Goodman |last=Mandelbaum |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-520-01623-1 |page=443 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igfd9YYCqf8C}}</ref> Jaffrelot believes that the religious connotations of their connections to the cow and Krishna were seized upon by those Yadavs seeking to further the process of Sanskritisation,<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p188/> and that it was [[Rao Bahadur Balbir Singh]], a descendant of the last [[Abhira dynasty]] to be formed in India, who spearheaded this. Singh established the ''[[Ahir Yadav Kshatriya Mahasabha]]'' (AYKM) in 1910, which at once asserted that its Ahir constituents were of Kshatriya ritual rank in the varna system, descended from [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yadu]] (as was Krishna), and really known as Yadavs. The organisation claimed support from the facts that various Raj ethnologists had earlier claimed a connection between the Ahir and the Abhira, and because their participation in recent events such as the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] had demonstrated that Ahirs were good fighters.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p189>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=189 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC |access-date=2011-08-16}}</ref>

The AYKM was a self-contained unit and did not try to forge links with similar bodies among other caste groups that claimed Kshatriya descent at that time. It had some success, notably in breaking down some of the very strict traditions of [[endogamy]] within the community, and it gained some additional momentum as people from rural areas gradually migrated away from their villages to urban centres such as Delhi. Ameliorating the effects of strict endogamy was seen as being conducive to causing the community as a whole to unite, rather than existing as smaller subdivisions within it.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p189/> Rao has said that the events of this period meant that "the term Yadava refers to both an ethnic category and an ideology".<ref name=Rao1979p123>{{cite book |title=Social movements and social transformation: a study of two backward classes movements in India |first=M. S. A. |last=Rao |publisher=Macmillan |year=1979 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWEiAQAAMAAJ |page=123|isbn=9780836421330 }}</ref>

Of particular significance in the movement for Sanskritisation of the community was the role of the [[Arya Samaj]], whose representatives had been involved with the family of Singh since the late 1890s and who had been able to establish branches in various locations.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p189/> Although this movement, founded by [[Swami Dayananda Saraswati]], favoured a caste hierarchy and also endogamy, its supporters believed that caste should be determined on merit rather than on heritage. They therefore encouraged Yadavs to adopt the [[sacred thread]] as a symbolic way to defy the traditional inherited caste system, and they also supported the creation of [[Cow protection movement|cow protection associations]] (''Goraksha Sabha'') as a means by which Yadavs and other non-Brahmans could affirm the extent of their commitment to Hinduism by observing the strictures relating to cow slaughter.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003pp191-193>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |pages=191–193 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC |access-date=2011-08-16}}</ref> In Bihar, where the [[Bhumihar]]s and [[Rajput]]s were the dominant groups, the wearing of the thread by Ahirs led to occasions of violence.<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p444>{{cite book |title=Society in India |volume=2 |first=David Goodman |last=Mandelbaum |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-520-01623-1 |page=444 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igfd9YYCqf8C}}</ref>

Jaffrelot has contrasted the motivations of Yadav Sanskritisation with that of the [[Nair]]s, another Indian community. He notes that [[Gyanendra Pandey (historian)|Gyanendra Pandey]], Rao and [[M. N. Srinivas]] all assert that Yadav Sanskritisation was not a process to imitate or raise the community to ritual parity with the higher ranks but rather to undermine the authority of those ranks. He contrasts this "subversion" theory with the Nair's motive of "emancipation", whereby Sanskritisation was "a means of reconciling low ritual status with growing socio-economic assertiveness and of taking the first steps towards an alternative, Dravidian identity". Using examples from Bihar, Jaffrelot demonstrates that there were some organised attempts among members of the Yadav community where the driving force was clearly secular and in that respect similar to the Nair's socio-economic movement. These were based on a desire to end oppression caused by, for example, having to perform ''[[Unfree labor|begari]]'' (forced labour) for upper castes and having to sell produce at prices below those prevailing in the open market to the [[zamindar]]s, as well as by promoting education of the Yadav community. This "aggressive Sanskritisation", which caused riots in the area, was emulated by some other of the lower caste groups.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003pp191-193/> In support of the argument that the movements bore similarity, Jaffrelot cites [[Hetukar Jha]], who says of the Bihar situation that "The real motive behind the attempts of the Yadavas, Kurmis and Koeris at Sanskritising themselves was to get rid of this socio-economic repression".<ref>{{cite journal |title=Lower Caste Peasants and Upper-Caste Zamindars in Bihar, 1921–1925: an analysis of sanskritisation and contradiction between the two groups |journal=Indian Economic and Social History Review |volume=14 |issue=4 |year=1977 |page=550 |first=Hetukar |last=Jha |doi=10.1177/001946467701400404|s2cid=143558861 }}</ref>

The process of Sanskritisation often included creating a history. The first such for the Yadavs was written in the late nineteenth century by [[Vithal Krishnaji Khedkar]], a schoolteacher who became private secretary to a Maharajah. In 1959, Khedekar's work was published by his son, [[Raghunath Vithal Khedkar]], who was a surgeon, under the title ''[[The Divine Heritage of the Yadavas]]''. There has been subsequent work to develop his ideas, notably by [[K. C. Yadav]] and [[J. N. Singh Yadav]].<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p442/><ref name=Jaffrelot2003pp194-196>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |pages=194–196 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC}}</ref>

Khedekar's history made the claim that Yadavs were descendants of the Abhira tribe and that the modern Yadavs were the same community referred to as dynasties in the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and ''Puranas''.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003pp194-196 /> Describing the work of the Khedekars as "a well-edited and well-produced volume", Mandelbaum notes that the Yadavs {{quote|... have usually been held in considerably less glorious repute by their neighbors. While an occasional warrior of a pastoral jati did establish his own state and dynasty, cattlekeepers are ranked in many localities among the lower blocks of the Shudras ... [The book] postulates divine and noble ancestry for a good many jatis in several language regions covering hundreds and thousands of people who share little more than a traditional occupation and a conviction about their rightful prerogatives.<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p442/>}} In creating this history there is some support for an argument that Yadavs were looking to adopt an ethnic identity akin to the [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] one that was central to the Sanskritisation of the Nairs and other in south India. However, Jaffrelot believes that such an argument would be overstated because the Yadav "redrawing of history" was much more narrow, being centred on themselves rather than on any wider shared ethnic base. They did acknowledge groups such as the [[Jat]]s and [[Maratha]]s as being similarly descended from Krishna but they did not particularly accommodate them in their adopted [[Aryan]] ethnic ideology, believing themselves to be superior to these other communities. Jaffrelot considers the history thus created to be one that is "largely mythical [and] enabled Yadav intellectuals to invent a golden age".<ref name=Jaffrelot2003pp194-196 />

Michelutti prefers the term "yadavisation" to that of "sanskritisation". She argues that the perceived common link to Krishna was used to campaign for the official recognition of the many and varied herding communities of India under the title of Yadav, rather than merely as a means to claim the rank of Kshatriya. Furthermore, that "... social leaders and politicians soon realised that their 'number' and the official proof of their demographic status were important political instruments on the basis of which they could claim a 'reasonable' share of state resources."<ref name=Michelutti2004p49/>

===All-India Yadav Mahasabha===

The [[All-India Yadav Mahasabha]] (AIYM) was founded at [[Allahabad]] in 1924 by a meeting of disparate local groups from Bihar, [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and what is now Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p443/><ref name=Jaffrelot2003pp194-196/> Although the AIYM was initially organised by V. K. Khedakar, it was Rao Balbir Singh who developed it and this coincided with a period – during the 1920s and 1930s – when similar Sanskritisation movements elsewhere in the country were on the wane. The program included campaigning in favour of teetotalism and vegetarianism, both of which were features of higher-ranking castes, as well as promoting self-education and promoting the adoption of the "Yadav" name.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p196/> It also sought to encourage the British Raj to recruit Yadavs as officers in the army and sought to modernise community practices such as reducing the financial burden dowries and increasing the acceptable age of marriage. Furthermore, the AIYM encouraged the more wealthy members of the community to donate to good causes, such as for the funding of scholarships, temples, educational institutions and intra-community communications.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p196>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=196 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC |access-date=2011-08-16}}</ref><ref name=Mandelbaum1970p444/>

The Yadav belief in their superiority impacted on their campaigning. In 1930, the Yadavs of Bihar joined with the [[Kurmi]] and [[Koeri]] agriculturalists to enter local elections. They lost badly but in 1934 the three communities formed the [[Triveni Sangh]] political party, which allegedly had a million dues-paying members by 1936. However, the organisation was hobbled by competition from the Congress-backed ''Backward Class Federation'', which was formed around the same time, and by co-option of community leaders by the Congress party. The Triveni Sangh suffered badly in the 1937 elections, although it did win in some areas. Aside from an inability to counter the superior organisational ability of the higher castes who opposed it, the unwillingness of the Yadavs to renounce their belief that they were natural leaders and that the Kurmi were somehow inferior was a significant factor in the lack of success. Similar problems beset a later planned caste union, the ''Raghav Samaj'', with the Koeris.<ref>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=197 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC |access-date=2011-08-16}}</ref>

In the post-colonial period, according to Michelutti, it was the process of yadavisation and the concentration on two core aims – increasing the demographic coverage and campaigning for improved protection under the [[positive discrimination]] scheme for [[Backward class|Backward Classes]] – that has been a singular feature of the AIYM, although it continues its work in other areas such as promotion of vegetarianism and teetotalism. Their proposals have included measures designed to increase the number of Yadavs employed or selected by political and public organisations on the grounds of their numerical strength, including as judges, government ministers and regional governors. By 2003 the AIYM had expanded to cover seventeen states and Michelutti believed it to be the only organisation of its type that crossed both linguistic and cultural lines. It continues to update its literature, including websites, to further its belief that all claimed descendants of Krishna are Yadav. It has become a significant political force.<ref>{{cite journal |title="We (Yadavs) are a caste of politicians": Caste and modern politics in a north Indian town |first=Lucia |last=Michelutti|journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology |date=February 2004 |volume=38 |issue=1–2 |pages=50–51 |doi=10.1177/006996670403800103|s2cid=144951057 }}{{subscription required}}</ref>

The campaign demanding that the army of the Raj should recruit Yadavs as officers resurfaced in the 1960s. Well-reported bravery during fighting in the Himalayas in 1962, notably by the 13th Kumaon company of Ahirs, led to a campaign by the AIYM demanding the creation of a specific Yadav regiment.<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p444/>

===Post-Independence===
[[File:Hyderabad bull.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Sadar (festival)|Sadar festival]] of Yadavs in Hyderabad celebrated during Diwali]]
Mandelbaum has commented on how the community basks in the reflected glory of those members who achieve success, that "Yadav publications proudly cite not only their mythical progenitors and their historical Rajas, but also contemporaries who have become learned scholars, rich industrialists, and high civil servants." He notes that this trait can also be seen among other caste groups.<ref>{{cite book |title=Society in India |volume=2 |first=David Goodman |last=Mandelbaum |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-520-01623-1 |page=485 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igfd9YYCqf8C |access-date=2011-08-25}}</ref>

The [[Sadar (festival)|Sadar festival]] is celebrated annually by the Yadav community in [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], following the day of [[Diwali]]. Community members parade, dancing around their best buffalo bulls, which have been colourfully decorated with flowers and paint.<ref>{{cite news|title=Traditional Sadar Festival Celebrated|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article872151.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=26 September 2012|location=Hyderabad|date=7 November 2010}}</ref>

==Classification==
The Yadavs are included in the [[Other Backward Class]]es (OBCs) category in the Indian states of [[Bihar]],<ref name=central-obclist-bihar>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/bihar.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF BIHAR |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 104)</ref> [[Chhattisgarh]],<ref name=central-obclist-chgattisgarh>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/Chattisgarh.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES: CHHATISGARH |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 1)</ref> [[Delhi]],<ref name=central-obclist-delhi>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/delhi.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES: DELHI |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 3)</ref> [[Haryana]],<ref name=central-obclist-haryana>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/haryana.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES: HARYANA |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 29)</ref> [[Jharkhand]],<ref name=central-obclist-jharkhand>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/Jharkhand.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES: JHARKHAND |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 118)</ref> [[Karnataka]],<ref name=central-obclist-karnataka>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/karnataka.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES: KARNATAKA |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 58)</ref> [[Madhya Pradesh]],<ref name=central-obclist-madhyapradesh>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/madhyapradesh.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES: MADHYA PRADESH |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 1)</ref> [[Odisha]],<ref name=central-obclist-orissa>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/orrisa.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF ORISSA |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 43)</ref> [[Rajasthan]],<ref name=central-obclist-rajasthan>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/rajasthan.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF RAJASTHAN |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 1)</ref> [[Uttar Pradesh]],<ref name=central-obclist-uttarpradesh>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/uttarpradesh.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 1)</ref> and [[West Bengal]].<ref name=central-obclist-westbengal>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/westbengal.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF WEST BENGAL |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 3)</ref> In 2001, the Social Justice Committee in Uttar Pradesh reported over-representation of some OBCs, particularly Yadavs, in public offices; it suggested creating sub categories within the OBC category.<ref name="jeff#1">{{cite book|last1=Jeffery|first1=Roger|last2=Jeffrey|first2=Craig|last3=Lerche|first3=Jens|title=Development Failure and Identity Politics in Uttar Pradesh|year=2014|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=9789351501800|page=43|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r7aICwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132}}</ref> The outcome of this was that the Yadav/Ahir became the only group listed in Part A of a three-part OBC classification system.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Pai|editor-first=Sudha|first=Anil K. |last=Verma|chapter=Backward-Caste Politics in Uttar Pradesh: An Analysis of the Samajwadi Party|title=Political process in Uttar Pradesh: identity, economic reforms, and governance|year=2007|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-0797-5|page=160 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC&pg=PA160}}</ref>

==Yadavs in Nepal==
The [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal)|Central Bureau of Statistics]] of Nepal classifies the Yadav as a subgroup within the broader social group of [[Madheshi people|Madheshi]] Other Caste.<ref> Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II [https://nepal.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf]</ref> At the time of the [[2011 Nepal census]], 1,054,458 people (4.0% of the population of Nepal) were Yadav. The frequency of Yadavs by province was as follows:
* [[Madhesh Province]] (14.8%)
* [[Lumbini Province]] (4.1%)
* [[Koshi Province]] (1.3%)
* [[Bagmati Province]] (0.2%)
* [[Gandaki Province]] (0.0%)
* [[Karnali Province]] (0.0%)
* [[Sudurpashchim Province]] (0.0%)

The frequency of [[Yadavs of Nepal]] was higher than national average (4.0%) in the following districts:<ref>[https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf 2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report]</ref>
* [[Siraha District|Siraha]] (24.4%)
* [[Dhanusha District|Dhanusha]] (17.5%)
* [[Saptari District|Saptari]] (15.8%)
* [[Sarlahi District|Sarlahi]] (15.5%)
* [[Mahottari District|Mahottari]] (15.2%)
* [[Rautahat District|Rautahat]] (12.2%)
* [[Bara District|Bara]] (10.5%)
* [[Kapilvastu District|Kapilvastu]] (10.2%)
* [[Rupandehi District|Rupandehi]] (7.4%)
* [[Parsa District|Parsa]] (6.6%)
* [[Parasi District|Parasi]] (5.8%)
* [[Banke District|Banke]] (4.7%)
* [[Sunsari District|Sunsari]] (4.3%)

==See also==
{{commons category|Yadav people}}
* [[List of Yadavs]]
* [[Ahir clans]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Social class}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav Caste}}
[[Category:Ahir]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]
[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Bihar]]
[[Category:Herding castes]]
[[Category:Indian surnames]]
[[Category:Lunar dynasty]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Nepal]]