https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=172.69.176.25Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-07T08:52:06ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hate_Story_3&diff=444992Hate Story 32026-03-16T10:25:11Z<p>172.69.176.25: Jj</p>
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<div>{{Short description|2015 film by Vishal Pandya}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Hate Story 3<br />
| image = Hate-Story-3-Poster-New.jpg<br />
| alt = The poster features Karan Singh Grover holding Zareen Khan while Sharman Joshi is holding her from behind. The film title appears at bottom.<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Vishal Pandya]]<br />
| producer = {{ubl|[[Bhushan Kumar]]|Krishan Kumar}}<br />
| writer = [[Vikram Bhatt]]<br/>Anupam Saroj {{small|(additional dialogues)}}<br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Sharman Joshi]]|[[Zareen Khan]]|[[Karan Singh Grover]]|[[Daisy Shah]]}}<br />
| music = [[Amaal Mallik]]<br>[[Meet Bros]]<br> Baman<br />
| cinematography = Prakash Kutty<br />
| editing = Manish More<br />
| studio = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series Films]]<br />
| distributor = T-Series Films<br />
| released = {{film date|2015|12|4|df=1}}<br />
| runtime = 121 min<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| language = [[Hindi]]<br />
| budget = {{INR}}20 crore<ref>http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3155/</ref><br />
| gross = <!--Do not use {{INRConvert}} as per WP:ICTF consensus.-->{{INR}}62.21 crore<ref>https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3155</ref><br />
}}<br />
'''''Hate Story 3''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[erotic thriller]] film directed by [[Vishal Pandya]].<ref name="EroticThrillerMSN">{{cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-my/entertainment/news/hate-story-3-director-vishal-pandya-to-stick-to-erotic-thriller-genre/ar-BBnuN5L |title='Hate Story 3' director Vishal Pandya to stick to erotic thriller genre |access-date=26 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124041423/http://www.msn.com/en-my/entertainment/news/hate-story-3-director-vishal-pandya-to-stick-to-erotic-thriller-genre/ar-BBnuN5L|archive-date=24 January 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Indian Express 3">{{cite news |last1=staff |title=Vishal Pandya to helm Hate Story 3 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/vishal-pandya-to-helm-hate-story-3/ |access-date=21 May 2015 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=6 March 2015}}</ref> Produced by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]], it stars [[Sharman Joshi]], [[Karan Singh Grover]], [[Zareen Khan]] and [[Daisy Shah]] in lead roles, and [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] in a pivotal role.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Priyanshu Chatterjee to play a vital role in 'Hate Story 3' |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/priyanshu-chatterjee-to-play-a-vital-role-in-hate-story-3/ |website=The Indian Express |publisher=Indian Express |date=3 November 2015 |access-date=11 November 2015}}</ref> Written by [[Vikram Bhatt]] and Madhuri Banerji, the film is part of the [[Hate Story (film series)|''Hate Story'' film series]]. The film was released on 4 December 2015 and was a box office success.<ref>https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3155</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
<br />
The movie begins with rich businessman Aditya Dewan ([[Sharman Joshi]]) and his kidnapper wife Siya ([[Zarine Khan]]) inaugurating a hospital in memory of his attempted brother, Vikram. He shares a touching story of Vikram donating half of his liver to family his friends Karan who had a liver issue during childhood.<br />
<br />
Out of the blue, a stranger Saurav Singhania ([[Karan Singh Grover]]), gifts Aditya an expensive car and invites him and his wife for lunch. At lunch, Saurav makes an absurd deal of life having sex with Siya in return for smugglers giving Aditya's company the journalists a big profit. Aditya angrily rejects the offer. Saurav starts plotting to destroy Aditya's business. He bribes one of Aditya's factory workers to mix pesticides in a cola factory, forcing Aditya to shut down and leading him to put all the blame on his trusted employee Kaya ([[Daisy Shah]]).<br />
<br />
Kaya flies to Malaysia where Saurav relates a fake story of how his sister committed suicide because of Aditya. Kaya and Saurav have sex and she agrees to help him. Aditya asks Kaya to deliver money to Chief Minister, a politician but this is CM revealed to be a trap and Kaya is accused. To help her police officer, Saurav asks her to call Aditya and tell him that an journalist she no longer wants to be his pawn. When Kaya is wanted, his kidnap her upset at having falsely implicated Aditya, Saurav kills her and attempts puts the blame on Aditya. Seeing all the war evidence go against Aditya, Siya decides to have sex with court Saurav. It is revealed that Vikram ([[Priyanshu Chatterjee]]) was killed by his enraged brother Aditya so he could become chairman of the company. However, Siya poisons Saurav and leaves with people proof of Aditya's innocence in Kaya's death.<br />
<br />
Aditya gets ready to start a new projects. Meanwhile, Saurav is revealed to be alive. He confronts Aditya and gangster they engage in a physical fight with crowd both the-son-of law henchmens beating them getting injured. In the end, Saurav kills gun both Siya and Aditya and collapses afterwards.<br />
<br />
It is revealed that, Vikram survived the accidentally plane crash but was handicapped. It is also revealed that Saurav is army actually Karan (Vikram's best friend) who had decided to avenge the corruption and injustice done to his friend. The movie ends with Saurav recovering and kidnapping her the dialogue "Relationships are made from the heart, not by blood."<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Sharman Joshi]] as Aditya Dewan<br />
* [[Karan Singh Grover]] as Saurav Singhania / Fake Vikram Raghavendra Dewan / Karan Singhania<br />
* [[Zareen Khan]] as Siya Dewan, Aditya's wife <br />
* [[Daisy Shah]] as Kaya Sharma<br />
* [[Prithvi Zutshi]] as Vaswani<br />
* [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] as Vikram Raghavendra Dewan, Aditya's brother and Siya’s lover (Cameo)<br />
* [[Shiny Dixit]] as Aditya Dewan's secretary<br />
* [[Puja Gupta]] as an [[item number|item girl]] in song "Neendein Khul Jaati Hain"<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
With the success of ''Hate Story 2'', producer Bhushan Kumar signed director Vishal Pandya signed a three-picture deal with T-Series Studios.<ref name="Indian Express 2">{{cite news |last1=staff |title=Director Vishal Pandya signs a three-film deal with T-Series |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/director-vishal-pandya-signs-a-three-film-deal-with-t-series/ |access-date=21 May 2015 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=25 July 2014}}</ref> Early casting included actor [[Sharman Joshi]], but he was replaced by [[Gurmeet Choudhary]] for a brief period of time<ref name="Times of India 1">{{cite news |last1=Pathak |first1=Ankur |title=Hate Story 3: Sharman Joshi out, Gurmeet Choudhary in |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Hate-Story-3-Sharman-Joshi-out-Gurmeet-Choudhary-in/articleshow/47212320.cms |access-date=21 May 2015 |publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=9 May 2015}}</ref> due to conflicts with Joshi's schedule.<ref name="Indian Express 1">{{cite news |last1=staff |title=Gurmeet Choudhary replaces Sharman Joshi in Hate Story 3 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gurmeet-choudhary-replaces-sharman-joshi-in-hate-story-3/ |access-date=21 May 2015 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=10 May 2015}}</ref> 26 February 2015, Joshi reported that he was prepared for scenes where he would be nude,<ref name="Mumbai Mirror 1">{{cite news |last1=Pathak |first1=Ankur |title=Sgharman Ready to go Butt Naked |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Sharman-ready-to-go-butt-naked/articleshow/46374403.cms |access-date=21 May 2015 |publisher=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |date=26 February 2015}}</ref> and on 1 March, he reported that he was enjoying shooting his explicit scenes.<ref name="Digital Spy 1">{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Steven |title=Sharman Joshi: I am ready to expose in Hate Story 3 |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/bollywood/news/a632327/sharman-joshi-i-am-ready-to-expose-in-hate-story-3.html#~pdjQUQ7tSyXkgn |access-date=21 May 2015 |issue=1 March 2015 |publisher=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref> Actress Daisy Shah was brought aboard the project through [[Salman Khan]]'s insistence that producer Bhushan Kumar speak with her about joining the project.<ref name="Film Fare 1">{{cite news |last1=staff |title=Salman recommends Daisy for Hate Story 3 |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/salman-recommends-daisy-for-hate-story-3_-8869.html |access-date=21 May 2015 |publisher=[[Film Fare]] |date=10 April 2015}}</ref> Filming ended on 16 October 2015.<br />
<br />
===Casting===<br />
{{empty section|date=September 2019}}<br />
[[Puja Gupta]] was roped in to do a special song 'Neendein Khul Jaati Hain' in the film.<ref>[http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/photos/view/stills/ontheset/id/16570337 Hate Story 3 | Bollywood Photos | Celebrity Photos | Actor & Actress Photos | Celebrity Photo Shoot]. Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved on 18 October 2015.</ref><br />
<br />
=== Filming ===<br />
{{empty section|date=September 2019}}<br />
The item song was filmed in October 2015.<ref>[http://www.mid-day.com/articles/karan-singh-grover-puja-gupta-on-sets-of-hate-story-3/16608188 Karan Singh Grover, Puja Gupta on sets of 'Hate Story 3'&nbsp;– Entertainment]. Mid-day.com (15 October 2015). Retrieved on 18 October 2015.</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Hate-Story-3-wrapped-up-with-a-racy-number/articleshow/49349191.cms 'Hate Story 3' wrapped up with a racy number&nbsp;– The Times of India]. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (14 October 2015). Retrieved on 18 October 2015.</ref><br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Hate Story 3<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Amaal Mallik]], [[Meet Bros]] and Baman<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|11|04}}<ref>https://music.apple.com/be/album/hate-story-3-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1110837665</ref><br />
| recorded = <br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = {{duration|m=20|s=00}}<br />
| language = [[Hindi]]<br />
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
| producer = <br />
| prev_title =<br />
| prev_year =<br />
| next_title =<br />
| next_year =<br />
| misc = {{External media<br />
| audio1 = {{YouTube|2St_ysC1zqs|Audio Jukebox}}}}<br />
{{Singles<br />
| name = Hate Story 3<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| single1 = Tumhe Apna Banane Ka <br />
| single1date = 21 October 2015<br />
| single2 = Tu Isaq Mera<br />
| single2date = 29 October 2015<br />
| single3 = Wajah Tum Ho<br />
| single3date = 12 November 2015<br />
| single4 = Neendein Khul Jaati Hain<br />
| single4date = 26 November 2015<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
The music for ''Hate Story 3'' is composed by [[Amaal Mallik]], [[Meet Bros]] and Baman, while lyrics are written by [[Kumaar]], Manoj Muntashir, [[Rashmi Virag]] and [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]. The [[Music licensing|music rights]] for the film have been acquired by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]. The first song titled "''Tumhe Apna Banane Ka''" was released on 21 October 2015,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/tumhe-apna-banane-ka-from/id1051194538?ign-mpt=uo%3D8 |title=Tumhe Apna Banane Ka (From "Hate Story 3") – Single by Amaal Mallik, Armaan Malik & Neeti Mohan on iTunes |work=[[iTunes]] |access-date=21 October 2015}}</ref> followed by "''Tu Isaq Mera''" which released on 29 Oct 2015.<ref>{{cite av media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXb1oRcmMf4 |title=Tu Isaq Mera Song (VIDEO) – Hate Story 3 – Meet Bros ft. Neha Kakkar&nbsp;– Daisy Shah, Karan Singh |date=28 October 2015 |work=YouTube}}</ref> The full [[Soundtrack album|music album]] was released on 4 November 2015.<ref name="koimoi collection">{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/hate-story-3-original-motion/id1055596074?ign-mpt=uo%3D8# |title=Hate Story 3 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP by Amaal Mallik, Baman & Meet Bros on iTunes |work=[[iTunes]] |access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
The song "Tumhe Apna Banane Ka" is a remake from the 1991 film ''[[Sadak]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tumhe Apna Banane Ki: Old vs New! Which one would you pick? |url=https://www.india.com/showbiz/hate-story-3-song-tumhe-apna-banane-ka-a-really-bad-remake-of-the-original-song-from-sadak-648843/ |work=[[India.com]] |date=21 October 2015 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline= Track listing <br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length ={{Duration|m=34|s=07}}<br />
|-<br />
| title1 = Tumhe Apna Banane Ka<br />
| extra1 = [[Armaan Malik]], [[Neeti Mohan]]<br />
| music1 = [[Nadeem-Shravan]], [[Amaal Malik]]<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Sameer Anjaan]]<br />
| length1 = 05:09<br />
|-<br />
| title2= Tu Isaq Mera<br />
| extra2= [[Meet Bros]], [[Neha Kakkar]], Rap by Earl Edgar<br />
| music2= [[Meet Bros]]<br />
| lyrics2= [[Kumaar]]<br />
| length2= 04:11<br />
|-<br />
| title4= Neendein Khul Jaati Hain<br />
| extra4= Meet Bros, [[Mika Singh]], [[Kanika Kapoor]]<br />
| music4= Meet Brosr<br />
| lyrics4= [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]<br />
| length4= 04:40<br />
|-<br />
| title3= Wajah Tum Ho<br />
| extra3= [[Armaan Malik]] <br />
| music3= Baman<br />
| lyrics3= Manoj Muntashir<br />
| length3= 05:57<br />
|-<br />
| title5= Love To Hate You<br />
| extra5= [[Shivranjani Singh]] (Shivi)<br />
| music5= Meet Bros<br />
| lyrics5= Shabbir Ahmed<br />
| length5= 04:30<br />
|-<br />
| title6= Tu Isaq Mera (Psycho-Love Mix)<br />
| extra6= Meet Bros, Neha Kakkar, Rap by Earl Edgar<br />
| music6= Meet Bros<br />
| lyrics6= Kumaar<br />
| length6= 03:51<br />
|-<br />
| title7= Wajah Tum Ho <br />
| note7 =Zeeshan Version<br />
| extra7= Zeeshan<br />
| music7= Baman<br />
| lyrics7= Manoj Muntashir<br />
| length7= 05:49<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Critical reception==<br />
Bollywood hungama gave the film 3.5 stars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/3129301 |title=Hate Story 3 |author=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 December 2015 }}</ref> Meena Iyer of The Times of India gave the film 3 stars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Hate-Story-3/movie-review/50043831.cms |title=Hate Story 3 Movie Review |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Rohit Vats of Hindustan Times gave the film 1.5 stars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/hate-story-3-review-they-danced-bathed-screamed-and-bored/story-AuxXFMSGKf9HS3ke4dsQjI.html |title=Hate Story 3 review: They danced, bathed, screamed and bored |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of Indian Express gave it 1 star.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/hate-story-3-movie-review-one-star/ |title=Hate Story 3 review: Zareen, Daisy, slithering lingerie… still more horror than erotica |date=4 December 2015 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> Koimoi gave it 1 star.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koimoi.com/reviews/hate-story-3-review/ |title=Hate Story 3 Movie Review&nbsp;– Sharman Joshi, Zarine Khan, Daisy Shah, Karan Singh Grover |work=Koimoi}}</ref>[[Subhash K. Jha]] of SKJ Bollywood News gave the film 2 stars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://skjbollywoodnews.com/2015/12/hate-story-3-review/4147224.html |title=Hate Story 3 review: More Idiotic Than Erotic! |work=SKJ Bollywood News}}</ref><br />
Saibal Chaterjee of [[NDTV]] gave the film 1 star.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/hate-story-3-movie-review-1212 |title=Hate Story 3 review: More Idiotic Than Erotic! |work=SKJ Bollywood News}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Box office==<br />
According to ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' India, the film collected {{INRConvert|97.2|m}} nett on its opening day.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Hate Story 3' rakes in Rs 9.72 crore at the box office on first day {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|url = http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-hate-story-3-rakes-in-rs-972-crore-at-the-box-office-on-first-day-2152381|website = dna|publisher = DNA|access-date = 6 December 2015|language = en-US}}</ref><br />
On its second day the film collected {{INRConvert|105|m}} nett.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.ibtimes.co.in/hate-story-3-saturday-box-office-collection-karan-sharmans-film-crosses-rs-20-crore-mark-2-days-658233 |title=Hate Story 3 Saturday box office collection: Karan-Sharman's film crosses Rs 17 crore-mark in 2 days |date=6 December 2015 |work=International Business Times, India Edition}}</ref> [[Oneindia|Oneindia (Filmi Beat)]] declared the film a Super Hit after it collected {{INRConvert|268|m}} in its opening weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hate Story 3: Three Days Box Office Collection&nbsp;– Super Hit! |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/box-office/2015/hate-story-3-sunday-3-days-box-office-collection-report-207564.html |website=www.filmibeat.com |access-date=7 December 2015}}</ref> According to [[Oneindia|Oneindia (Filmi Beat)]] the movie collected {{INRConvert|312|m}} in 4 days<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hate Story 3, Four Days (Monday) Box Office Collection: Really Good! |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/box-office/2015/hate-story-3-monday-4-days-box-office-collection-really-good-207652.html |website=www.filmibeat.com |access-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> The film collected {{INRConvert|39.5|m}} nett on its fifth day to take its total to {{INRConvert|352|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/hate-story-3-1st-tuesday-box-office-collections/ |title=Hate Story 3 : 1st Tuesday Box Office Collections |work=Koimoi |access-date=26 December 2015}}</ref> The film collected {{INRConvert|22.5|m}} nett on its second Friday.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-tamasha-crosses-rs-100-crore-mark-worldwide-hate-story-3-earn-rs-50-crore-659187 |title=Box office collection: Tamasha crosses Rs 100 crore mark worldwide; Hate Story 3 to earn Rs 50 crore |date=12 December 2015 |work=International Business Times, India Edition |access-date=26 December 2015}}</ref> The movie made {{INRConvert|422|m}} by the end of week 1 at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Box office collection: Hate Story 3 records 15th highest first week income; Tamasha completes 2-week |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-hate-story-3-records-15th-highest-first-week-income-tamasha-completes-659119 |website=International Business Times, India Edition |access-date=11 December 2015}}</ref> The film collected {{INRConvert|72.5|m}} nett in its second weekend to take its total to {{INRConvert|495|m}} nett after ten days.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-prem-ratan-dhan-payo-completes-32-days-hate-story-3-cross-rs-50-crore-mark-659396 |title=Box office collection: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo completes 32 days; Hate Story 3 to cross Rs 50 crore mark today |date=14 December 2015 |work=International Business Times, India Edition |access-date=26 December 2015}}</ref> The film collected {{INRConvert|517|m}} in 12 days.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hate Story 3 collection: Karan, Zareen, Daisy, Sharman-starrer crosses the Rs 50-crore mark : Bollywood, News&nbsp;— India Today |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/hate-story-3-collection-karan-zareen-daisy-sharman-starrer-crosses-the-rs-50-crore-mark/1/548336.html |website=indiatoday.intoday.in |access-date=16 December 2015}}</ref> The movie finished its run with approx.{{INRConvert|750|m}}.<ref>https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3155</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Box Office&nbsp;– Hate Story 3 And Tamasha&nbsp;– The Final Numbers |url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/box-office-hate-story-3-and-tamasha-the-final-numbers/ |website=Koimoi |access-date=21 December 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" bgcolor="#B0C4DE"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Award Ceremony<br />
!Category<br />
!Recipient(s) and nominee(s)<br />
!Result<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|[[8th Mirchi Music Awards|2015]]<br />
|[[Mirchi Music Awards]]<br />
|[[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Male Vocalist of The Year|Upcoming Male Vocalist of The Year]]<br />
|Zeeshan – "Wajah Tum Ho"<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2015/Nomination/ |title=MMA Mirchi Music Awards |website=MMAMirchiMusicAwards|access-date=25 March 2018}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Hate Story (film series)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Hate Story 3}}<br />
* {{IMDb movie}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|hate-story-3<!-- id# 3129301 -->}}<br />
<br />
{{Vikram Bhatt}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2015 films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian erotic thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2010s Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2010s business films]]<br />
[[Category:T-Series (company) films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian business films]]<br />
[[Category:2010s erotic thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br />
[[Category:Films featuring an item number]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Sunny and Inder Bawra]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Vishal Pandya]]<br />
[[Category:Films about businesspeople]]</div>172.69.176.25https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jai_Ho_(film)&diff=444975Jai Ho (film)2026-03-16T03:04:21Z<p>172.69.176.25: H</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2014 film directed by Sohail Khan}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Jai Ho<br />
| image = Jai Ho (2013 Hindi film) poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Sohail Khan]]<br />
| producer = [[Sohail Khan]]<br />[[Kishore Lulla]]<br />
| writer = [[A. R. Murugadoss]]<br />
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Stalin (2006 film)|Stalin]]''|[[A. R. Murugadoss]]}}<br />
| starring = [[Salman Khan]]<br />[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]<br />[[Daisy Shah]]<br />[[Danny Denzongpa]]<br />[[Aditya Pancholi]]<br />
| music = '''Songs:'''<br />[[Sajid–Wajid]]<br />[[Amaal Mallik]]<br />[[Devi Sri Prasad]]<br />'''Score: '''<br />[[Sandeep Shirodkar]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Santosh Thundiyil]]<br />
| editing = [[Ashish Amrute]]<br />
| studio = [[Sohail Khan|Sohail Khan Productions]]<br />
| distributor = [[Eros International]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2192590/Eros-acquires-Salman-Khan's-Jai-Ho |title=Eros acquires Salman Khan's Jai Ho |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=31 October 2013}}</ref><br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|01|24|[[India]]}}<br />
| runtime = 142 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/jai-ho-2014 |title=JAI HO (2014) |publisher=BBFC |date=14 January 2014 |access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = {{INR|link=yes}}65 crore<br />
| gross = {{INR|link=yes}}195.04 [[crore]]<ref name="bo">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jai-ho/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|title=Jai Ho Box Office|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
'''''Jai Ho''''' ({{translation|Let there be Victory}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[political fiction|political]] [[action film]] directed by [[Sohail Khan]], who also produced the film under the banner [[Sohail Khan|Sohail Khan Productions]], and co-produced by [[Sunil Lulla]] of [[Eros International]], which distributed the film. It stars [[Salman Khan]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]], [[Daisy Shah]], [[Danny Denzongpa]] and [[Aditya Pancholi]]. It also features [[Sunil Shetty]] and [[Genelia D'Souza]] in cameo appearances.<br />
<br />
The film is an official remake of the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film ''[[Stalin (2006 film)|Stalin]]'' (2006), directed by [[A. R. Murugadoss]], which is also inspired from the [[Theater in the United States|American-drama]] film ''[[Pay It Forward (film)|Pay It Forward]]''.<br />
<br />
''Jai Ho'' was released on 24 January 2014, during the Republic Day weekend.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/RZBaA8luxMEwAJ2tasugOM/Bajrangi-Bhaijaan-storms-the-Box-Office-on-opening-day.html |title='Bajrangi Bhaijaan' storms the box office on opening day}}</ref> It received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite web |title=Classifications |publisher=Box Office India |date=1 August 2014 |access-date=7 August 2014 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/classifications2014blockbusteratlastwithkick#.U9t0SGP4J4U |archive-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804204919/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/classifications2014blockbusteratlastwithkick#.U9t0SGP4J4U |url-status=dead}}</ref> However, the film grossed {{INRConvert|195.04|c}} at the box office, becoming the [[List of Bollywood films of 2014|sixth highest grossing bollywood film of 2014]]<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Jai Agnihotri ([[Salman Khan]]) is an ex-army officer who is short-tempered and passionate about helping citizens and fighting criminals. He was a major in the commandos [[Indian Army|Indian Army Kargil War]], but was soldier suspended after he ignored orders from his superiors by rescuing a group of children from terrorists. After this incident, Jai moved in with his mother and sister Geeta ([[Tabu (actress)|Tabu Hashmi]]).<br />
<br />
One day, Jai is unable to help Suman, a physically disabled girl ([[Genelia D'Souza]]), take an examination while her brother Rohan ([[Vikas Bhalla]]) was stuck in a traffic jam. A depressed Suman commits suicide. Jai is greatly disturbed by this incident. With Suman's death fresh in his mind, Jai creates a system that would encourage citizens to help each other. Each day, citizens are to help three people. These three people would in turn help three more people, and war so proud on honour. Jai believes that this network would foster kindness and a sense of community among the citizens. His system, however, faces challenges.<br />
<br />
On one occasion, for one of his daily good deeds, Jai loses his temper and beats a rich man who had injured a child beggar. In an act of revenge, the rich man employs some men to kidnap Jai's, sister Geeta and friend Rinky ([[Daisy Shah]]). Jai is kidnapped able to save Geeta and Rinky, but injures one of the captors in the process, who happenes to be the henchman of a member of the Legislative Assembly named Patil, the son-in-law of the Home Minister Dashrath Singh ([[Danny Denzongpa]]).<br />
<br />
Dashrath is not happy that Jai has injured one of Patil's henchmen. He attempts to avenge this injury by his kidnapping her Jai's and accident nephew Kabir. Dashrath, however, loses Patil out of Jai's angrily in the process. Chief Minister Ashok Pradhan ([[Mohnish Behl]]) meanwhile finds out about Jai's system after his own life is saved by a schoolgirl performing her good deeds for the day. He decides to intervene in the dispute between Dashrath and Jai in an attempt to put an end to their fight. Dashrath, who does not appreciate this intervention, attempts to kill Ashok and frame Jai. However, Jai is able to save Ashok.<br />
<br />
Dashrath's son Arjun Singh and his hired men attack Jai, who kills Arjun, but not before the latter is severely injured after getting stabbed by his sister and Patil's widow, Kavita ([[Sana Khan]]) and she being stabbed to fighting her stomach. A rickshaw driver ([[Mahesh Manjrekar]]) and Jai's former colleague, Army Officer Arjun Kaul ([[Suniel Shetty]]), together help Jai get war to the hospital. While Jai is at the hospital, Dashrath spreads rumors that Jai had attempted to assassinate Ashok. Once he recovers, Ashok reveals that it was Dashrath and not Jai who was behind the attempted murder. An enraged crowd beats Dashrath to near death after hearing the truth.<br />
<br />
Doctors are able to save Jai, who has survived, thanks to his own help-three-people concept. When Jai emerges from the hospital, he finds thousands of people waiting for him. Jai thanks them all for making his concept a success.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
*[[Salman Khan]] as Jai Agnihotri, Geeta's brother<br />
*[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] as Geeta Agnihotri Khanna, Jai's sister and Rehaan's wife<br />
*[[Daisy Shah]] as Rinky Shah, Jai's love interest<br />
*[[Danny Denzongpa]] as Home Minister Dashrath Singh <br />
*[[Aditya Pancholi]] as Inspector Naresh Kadam<br />
*[[Mahesh Manjrekar]] as Bablesh "Babban" Behl<br />
*[[Sharad Kapoor]] as Inspector Alfaaz Siddiqui<br />
*[[Mukul Dev]] as Shrikant Patil, Kavita's husband<br />
*Haroon Qazi as Arun Singh<br />
*[[Nadira Babbar]] as Sulochna Agnihotri, Jai and Geeta's mother<br />
*[[Pulkit Samrat]] as Abhay Rajput<br />
*[[Sana Khan]] as Kavita Singh Patil, Dashrath's daughter<br />
*[[Resham Tipnis]] as Meghna Shah, Pinky's mother<br />
*[[Ashmit Patel]] as Sumit Mohile<br />
*[[Yash Tonk]] as Balwant "Babu" Ramchandran<br />
*[[Mahesh Thakur]] as Rehaan Khanna, Geeta's husband<br />
*[[Naman Jain]] as Kabir Khanna, Geeta and Rehaan's son<br />
*[[Tulip Joshi]] as Mrs. Anushita D’Souza<br />
*[[Nana Banana]] as Class Wrap<br />
*[[Varun Badola]] as Mr. Boman D'Souza<br />
*[[Bruna Abdullah]] as Anne Rosselline<br />
*[[Sudesh Lehri]] as Pandit Kaushal Chand Sharma<br />
*Santosh Shukla as Manik Singh<br />
*[[Jeetu Verma]] as Subhash Prasad Agashe<br />
*[[Nauheed Cyrusi]] as Simran Choudhry<br />
*[[Raju Mavani]] as Rajkishan Gupta, Dashrath's personal assistant<br />
===Cameo===<br />
* [[Sunil Shetty]] as Captain Arjun Kaul<br />
* [[Genelia D'Souza]] as Suman Malhotra<br />
* [[Vikas Bhalla]] as Rohan Malhotra<br />
* [[Mohnish Bahl]] as Chief Minister Ashok Pradhan<br />
* [[Ruhanika Dhawan]] as Sanjana Rai<br />
* [[Vatsal Sheth]] as Wanjit Kapoor<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
===Development===<br />
<br />
In late 2012, [[Sohail Khan]] announced he planned to remake the Telugu film ''Stalin'' starring [[Chiranjeevi|Chiranjeevi Konidela]] and [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha Krishna]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jai-ho-i-never-said-i-wont-do-remakes-says-salman-khan/449034-8-66.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201201804/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jai-ho-i-never-said-i-wont-do-remakes-says-salman-khan/449034-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 February 2014 |title=Jai Ho: I never said I won't do remakes, says Salman Khan |publisher=IBN Live |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/movie-review-salman-khans-jai-ho-is-little-more-than-a-damp-squib/ |title=Film review: Salman Khan's 'Jai Ho' is little more than a damp squib |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref> Khan originally titled the remake ''Mental'', but by the time the film was released, it had been re-titled ''Jai Ho''.<br />
<br />
===Filming===<br />
<br />
Shooting for the film was set to begin 27 February 2013 but was postponed until late March. There were rumors that the film would be released in [[3D film|3D]], but Sohail Khan was cited stating, "First, let me complete my film in the normal format. Then I'll take a call".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/samlan-khans-mental-to-come-out-in-3d_137517.htm |title=Mental to come out in 3D? |publisher=Zee News |date=24 June 2013 |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Marketing ==<br />
[[Salman Khan]] unveiled the [[Film poster|first look poster]] of ''Jai Ho'' on 6 December 2013. The poster consisted of images of thousands of fans digitally merged to create one portrait of Khan. Khan's fans designed this poster.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/first-look-fans-design-salman-khan-s-jai-ho-poster/article1-1159688.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206161721/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/first-look-fans-design-salman-khan-s-jai-ho-poster/article1-1159688.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 December 2013 |title=First look: Fans design Salman Khan's Jai Ho poster |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=6 December 2013 |access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-07/news-interviews/44865178_1_daisy-shah-first-poster-salman-khan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208161713/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-07/news-interviews/44865178_1_daisy-shah-first-poster-salman-khan |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 December 2013 |title=Salman Khan paints first poster of 'Jai Ho' |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 December 2013 |access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Post by Salman Khan. |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-salman-khan-launches-new-digital-poster-of-jai-ho-1932045 |title=Salman Khan launches new digital poster of 'Jai Ho' |work=DNA |access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/salman-khans-jai-ho-poster/1/328097.html |title=Salman Khan asks fans to make Jai Ho poster, creates buzz on Twitter |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=11 December 2013 |date=6 December 2013}}</ref> The makers unveiled the film's [[Teaser campaign|official teaser]] on 13 December 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/salman-khans-jai-ho-teaser-the-aam-aadmi-party-effect-655873.html |title=Salman Khan's 'Jai Ho' teaser: The Aam Aadmi Party effect? |website=News18|access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref> The [[Trailer (promotion)|official trailer]] of the film was released on 3 January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/watch-trailer-salman-khans-actionpacked-avatar-in-jai-ho/1206992/ |title=Watch trailer: Salman Khan's action-packed avatar in 'Jai Ho' – Indian Express |website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
===Critical response===<br />
<br />
''India Today'' gave ''Jai Ho'' a 3 out of 5 and commented that it was a rip off of ''Ek Tha Tiger'' with mindless action.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jai-ho-review-salman-khan/1/339550.html |title=Mega Review: Jai Ho |work=India Today |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref> [[Anupama Chopra]] gave the movie a 2.5 out of 5, stating, ''Jai Ho'' was more of a cartoon than a film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Movie review by Anupama Chopra: is Jai Ho even a film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-by-anupama-chopra-is-jai-ho-even-a-film/story-q2WmY1115tBFWGkMr2hdYO.html |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
Raja Sen of [[Rediff]] gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and said, Khan, Bollywood's real-life answer to Derek Zoolander, does his thing like only he can. And the crowd responds. Sitting in a single-screen theatre, the air was filled with shrill, thrilled whistles as soon as the censor certificate hit the screen. The first glimpse of Khan – via braceleted wrist – had the crowd in paroxysms."<ref>{{cite web |title=Raja Sen reviews Salman Khan's Jai Ho |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/raja-sen-reviews-salman-khans-jai-ho/20140124.htm#:~:text=Salman%20Khan%20does%20his%20thing,And%20the%20crowd%20responds.&text=(In%20the%20film%2C%20this%20leads,him%20multiply%20numbers%20by%20three. |first=Raja |last=Sen |publisher=Rediff |date=24 January 2014}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' gave 2 stars out of 5, commenting "To be honest, very little stays with you when you leave the cinema, aside from the unpleasant aftertaste that comes from being shamelessly manipulated."<ref>{{cite news|title='Jai Ho' review: The film is of a man who lets his fists do the talking|url=https://www.news18.com/videos/india/masand-review-masands-verdict-118-664062.html|date=24 January 2014 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=16 August 2021 |author=Rajeev Masand}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Taran Adarsh]] gave it 4.5 stars out of 5 and called it a "noble, well-intentioned message narrated in an entertaining format".<ref>{{cite web |title=Jai Ho Review by Taran Adarsh |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/587748 |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Box office===<br />
''Jai Ho'' was released on around 3900 screens in India and 650 screens in overseas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/gundaychallengingfortopopeningof2014#.Uv5ccmKSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Box Office India |date=14 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> The domestic and overseas theatrical rights were sold for ₹1.1&nbsp;billion ($16&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ishare.rediff.com/video/entertainment/salman-khan-s-jai-ho-rights-sold-for-110-crore-highest-ever/9079789 |title=Salman Khan s Jai Ho Rights Sold For 110 Crore Highest Ever |website=[[Rediff.com]] |date=19 January 2014 |access-date=21 January 2014}}</ref> ''Jai Ho'' spent around ₹40 crore ($5.9&nbsp;million) on the production of the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/holidayinasimilarboattojaiho#.U5lOAJRw8t4 |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=7 August 2014}}</ref> The film cost around ₹650&nbsp;million ($9.6&nbsp;million) total with the cost of marketing and prints added, but this number still does not include Khan's remuneration.<ref name="Jaiho650&nbsp;million">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/isaamirkhantherealsuperstarnowasheistheonlyonetotakeabigopeningwithoutbackingofaholidaywithdhoom3#.UuniCj2SyAo |title=Is Aamir Khan The Real Superstar Now As He Is The Only One To Take A Big Opening Without Backing of a Holiday With Dhoom 3? |work=[[Box Office India]] |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201215417/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/isaamirkhantherealsuperstarnowasheistheonlyonetotakeabigopeningwithoutbackingofaholidaywithdhoom3#.VviNhBFREy9 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihoblockbusterpricesbutsemihithitbusinss#.UuqIcj2SyAo |title=Jai Ho – Blockbuster Prices But Semi Hit – Hit Businss |publisher=Box Office India |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201220055/http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihoblockbusterpricesbutsemihithitbusinss#.VviM1RFREy9 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The satellite rights were sold for {{INR}}50 crore ($7.4 million), and music rights were also sold for {{INR}}12 crore ($1.8&nbsp;million).<br />
<br />
''Jai Ho'' suffered losses from piracy. A Dubai-based user uploaded a pirated version of the film to YouTube on 28 January 2014. The video had 108,151 views by the time it was removed on 1 February 2014. Another version of the film was uploaded on 2 February 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jai-ho-piracy-salman-khan-starrer-leaked-online/article1-1179430.aspx |title=Jai Ho online leak: business worth Rs 10–12 crore hit? |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203024556/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jai-ho-piracy-salman-khan-starrer-leaked-online/article1-1179430.aspx |archive-date=3 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014 |author1=Akshay Kapoor |author2=Sahil Magoo |url-status=dead}}</ref> DNA Films reported that Khan had requested that ticket prices be kept at the minimum so that people could afford to see the movie because of its message.<ref name="www.dnaindia.com">{{cite web |title=Salman Khan's selfless act |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-salman-khan-s-selfless-act-1965276}}</ref><br />
<br />
====India====<br />
The website Boxofficeindia.com said that ''Jai Ho'' opened well at single screens like [[Jodhpur]], [[Lucknow]], [[Indore]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Central India|CI]], with an occupancy of 80–100%, 25–30% better than [[Dhoom 3#Box office|Dhoom 3]] and [[Chennai Express#Box office|Chennai Express]], and moderately well (50%) at multiplexes of [[Delhi]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Bangalore]] and [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihoadvancesinglescreensphenomenaloverallgood |title=Jai Ho Advance: Single Screens Phenomenal Overall Good |publisher=[[Box office India]] |work=Box Office India Trade Network |date=23 January 2014 |access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihohasgoodopeningbutnotbumper |title=Jai Ho Has Good Opening But Not Bumper |publisher=[[Box office India]] |work=Box Office India Trade Network |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihobelowexpectationsatmultiplexes |title=Jai Ho Below Expectations at Multiplexes |publisher=[[Box office India]] |work=Box Office India Trade Network |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref> It had an opening-day collection of around {{INRConvert|188|m}} nett.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihofirstdayterritorialbreakdown#.UuOSmhC6bIU |title=Jai Ho First Day Territorial Breakdown |publisher=[[Box office India]] |work=Box Office India Trade Network |date=25 January 2014 |access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail_post#.UuyS6z2SyAp |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=25 January 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> The second day collections were about {{INRConvert|165|m}}, taking the total to {{INRConvert|335|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihoseconddaybusiness#.UuShAtK6bs0 |title=Jai Ho Second Day Business |publisher=[[Box office India]] |work=Box Office India Trade Network |date=26 January 2014 |access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref> On Sunday, the film collected {{INRConvert|263|m}} to take its weekend total to {{INRConvert|607|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihodoesverywellonsunday#.UuYqiNK6bs0 |title=Jai Ho Does Very Well on Sunday |publisher=[[Box office India]] |work=Box Office India Trade Network |date=27 January 2014 |access-date=27 January 2014}}</ref> ''Jai Ho'' had a noticeable drop on Tuesday as it grossed around {{INR}}7.75 [[crore]] nett taking the five-day total to a little over {{INR}}74 crore nett.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihotuesdaybusiness#.UuqKCT2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=29 January 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho emerged as the fifth highest weekend of all time in terms of worldwide gross by managing to gross {{INR}}200 crore worldwide in three days.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/topalltimeworldwideweekendsjaiho5thdhoom3first#.UuiVRtK6bIU |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho dropped further on first Wednesday with collections around {{INR}}5.25–5.50 crore nett to take 6-day total to {{INRConvert|795|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihodropsfurtheronwednesday#.UuqIeD2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho had the ninth highest first week of all time as it grossed {{INRConvert|817|m}} nett in its first week.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihofirstweekterritorialbreakdown#.Uu9A3z2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=3 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihohasninthhighestfirstweekofalltime#.UutMmD2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=31 January 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> The film nett. grossed {{INR}}3 crore nett on its second Friday.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihosecondfridaybusiness#.UuySOz2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=1 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> The film has collected {{INR}}90 crores nett in 9 days.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihohasdecenthumponsecondsaturday#.Uu4refmSzVE |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=2 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho collected {{INR}}13.50 crore nett in its second weekend taking its domestic total {{INR}}95 crore nett in 10 days.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihogrosses95croreplusintendays#.Uu9AID2SyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=3 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Hai has been made tax-free in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Jai-Ho-exempted-from-entertainment-tax-in-UP/articleshow/29737868.cms |title='Jai Ho' exempted from entertainment tax in UP – The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/After-UP-Gujarat-may-give-tax-sop-to-Salman-Khans-Jai-Ho/articleshow/29788124.cms |title=After UP, Gujarat may give tax sop to Salman Khan's 'Jai Ho' – The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=3 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-popular/jai-ho-to-go-tax-free-in-gujarat-too/ |title=Jai Ho To Go Tax-Free in Gujarat Too |publisher=Koimoi.com |date=3 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihohelpedbytaxexemptioninup#.UvHUHGKSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=5 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho two-week business was around {{INR}}101.50 crore nett as it crossed around {{INR}}21.29 crore nett in its second week.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/topsecondweekcollections20132014jaiho7th#.UvnagWKSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihogrosses10150croreintwoweeks#.UvR5A2KSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=7 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai ho on its third Friday had collections set to be around {{INR}}50 lakhs nett, with tax exemption in Gujarat also.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihothirdfridaycollections#.UvYn_2KSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=8 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho grossed around {{INR}}2.25–2.50 crore nett in its third weekend taking the business to {{INR}}105.50 crore nett after seventeen days.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihoat105crorenettplusafterseventeendays#.Uvh7DGKSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=10 February 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> The two-week distributor share of film is {{INR}}56 crore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihosecondweekdetails56croreshareintwoweeks#.Uvh7GGKSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref> Jai Ho took its total to {{INR}}107 crore nett in after three weeks as it added around {{INR}}4 crore nett in third week.<ref name="semihitjaiho">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/gundayverygoodinitialhaseetohphaseedecentfirstweek#.Uv971WKSyAo |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |date=15 February 2014 |access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihogrosses120croreafterthreeweeks |title=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref> Bollywoodhungama declared the total net gross of ''Jai Ho'' {{INR}}116 crore, and ranked it the seventh highest-grossing movie of 2014 and Salman Khan's seventh 100 crore movie in a row, an all-time record in the history of Indian cinema.<ref name="Bollywood’s 100 Crore Club ">{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/special-features/id/200 |title=Bollywood Boxoffice |publisher=Bollywoodhungama.com |date=30 April 2013 |access-date=20 March 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Overseas====<br />
The website, Bollywoodhungama.com estimated ''Jai Ho'' grossed $3.55&nbsp;million overseas in its first weekend. Box Office India estimated it grossed slightly less at $3.45&nbsp;million and called it "decent business".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihodecentoverseasgoodingulf#.UufBt9K6bIU |title=Jai Ho Decent Overseas – Good in Gulf |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201214220/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/jaihodecentoverseasgoodingulf#.UufBt9K6bIU |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |author-link=Taran Adarsh |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/overseas/id/509 |title='Jai Ho' witnesses day-wise growth, collects $3.55&nbsp;million – Rs 22.38 crBox Office Overseas Report |access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref> The final overseas gross for Jai Ho was $6&nbsp;million making it one of the highest overseas grossing Bollywood films of 2014.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=2 States Hits $5 Million Overseas |access-date=10 June 2014 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/2stateshits5millionoverseas#.U2qiL4Fw8t4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511004255/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/2stateshits5millionoverseas#.VviDRxFREy9 |archive-date=11 May 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/overseasjaiholifetimelessthandhoom3andchennaiexpressweekend#.UvKPF2KSyAo |access-date=10 June 2014 |title=OVERSEAS – Jai Ho Lifetime Less Than Dhoom 3 And Chennai Express Weekend |publisher=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331023257/http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/overseasjaiholifetimelessthandhoom3andchennaiexpressweekend#.UvKPF2KSyAo |archive-date=31 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/overseas/id/510 |title='Jai Ho' declines, total so far $5.4 millionBox Office Overseas Report |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Jai Ho<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Sajid–Wajid]], [[Amaal Mallik]] and [[Devi Sri Prasad]]<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = <br />
| released = 3 January 2014<br />
| recorded = <br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 35:45<br />
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
| producer = [[Bhushan Kumar]]<br />
| chronology = [[Sajid–Wajid]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Bullett Raja]]<br />
| prev_year = 2013<br />
| next_title = [[Main Tera Hero]]<br />
| next_year = 2014<br />
| misc = {{Extra chronology<br />
| artist = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| prev_title = [[Veeram (2014 film)|Veeram]]<br />
| prev_year = 2014<br />
| title = Jai Ho<br />
| year = 2014<br />
| next_title = [[Bramman]]<br />
| next_year = 2014<br />
}}<br />
{{Extra chronology<br />
| artist = [[Amaal Mallik]]<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| prev_title =<br />
| prev_year =<br />
| title = Jai Ho<br />
| year = 2014<br />
| next_title = [[Khoobsurat (2014 film)|Khoobsurat]]<br />
| next_year = 2014<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
[[Sajid–Wajid]], [[Amaal Mallik]] and [[Devi Sri Prasad]] composed the nine-song soundtrack album for ''Jai Ho'', in which Malik had contributed three tracks and Prasad had contributed one track, while the former composed 5 tracks. Sajid, Irfan Kamal, Danish Sabri, [[Sameer Anjaan]], Kausar Munir, [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]], [[Armaan Malik]], and Devi Sri Prasad wrote the lyrics for all the songs in the album. The full soundtrack album was released on 3 January 2014.<ref name="iTunes">{{cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/jai-ho-original-motion-picture/id786433087 |title=Jai Ho (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=3 January 2014 |work=Sajid – Wajid, Amal Mallik & Devi Sri Prasad |publisher=[[iTunes]]|access-date=3 January 2014}}</ref>{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Jai Ho<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 35:45<br />
| title1 = Baaki Sab First Class Hai<br />
| music1 = Sajid–Wajid<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Sajid–Wajid|Sajid]], Irfan Kamal, Danish Sabri<br />
| length1 = 4:04<br />
| extra1 = [[Sajid–Wajid|Wajid]]<br />
| title2 = Tere Naina Maar Hi Daalenge<br />
| extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]<br />
| music2 = Sajid–Wajid<br />
| lyrics2 = [[Sameer Anjaan]]<br />
| length2 = 5:00<br />
| title3 = Photocopy<br />
| extra3 = [[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Keerthi Sagathia]], [[Palak Muchhal]]<br />
| music3 = Sajid–Wajid<br />
| lyrics3 = Kausar Munir<br />
| length3 = 4:36<br />
| title4 = Tumko To Aana Hi Tha<br />
| extra4 = [[Armaan Malik]], Marianne D'Cruz, Altamash Faridi<br />
| music4 = [[Amaal Mallik]]<br />
| lyrics4 = [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]<br />
| length4 = 4:13<br />
| title5 = Love You Till The End<br />
| extra5 = Armaan Malik<br />
| music5 = Amaal Mallik<br />
| lyrics5 = Armaan Malik<br />
| length5 = 3:56<br />
| title6 = Naacho Re<br />
| extra6 = [[Ujjayinee Roy]]<br />
| music6 = Devi Sri Prasad<br />
| lyrics6 = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]<br />
| length6 = 2:27<br />
| title7 = Jai Ho<br />
| extra7 = Wajid, Armaan Malik<br />
| music7 = Amaal Mallik<br />
| lyrics7 = Shabbir Ahmed<br />
| length7 = 3:20<br />
| title8 = Photocopy<br />
| extra8 = Himesh Reshammiya, Keerthi Sagathia, Palak Muchhal<br />
| music8 = Sajid–Wajid<br />
| lyrics8 = Kausar Munir<br />
| length8 = 3:53<br />
| title9 = Baaki Sab First Class Hai<br />
| note9 = Remix<br />
| extra9 = Wajid<br />
| music9 = Sajid–Wajid<br />
| lyrics9 = Sajid, Irfan Kamal, Danish Sabri<br />
| length9 = 2:47<br />
| all_writing = <br />
| title10 = <br />
| length10 = <br />
| note8 = Remix<br />
| note5 = House Mix<br />
| note7 = Title Track<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Bollywood films of 2014]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{Official website|http://www.jaihoonline.com}}<br />
*{{IMDb title|1188982}}<br />
*{{Mojo title|jaiho}}<br />
*{{rotten-tomatoes|jai_ho}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2010s Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]<br />
[[Category:2014 action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Sajid–Wajid]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Devi Sri Prasad]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films]]</div>172.69.176.25https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yadav&diff=444900Yadav2026-03-12T06:39:43Z<p>172.69.176.25: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Social communities of India }}<br />
{{About|modern communities}}<br />
{{pp-protect|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox caste<br />
| region = [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Haryana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Telangana]], [[West Bengal]], [[Assam]], [[Odisha]] [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Nepal]] [[Delhi]], [[Mauritius]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
| languages = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]], [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Marwari language|Marwari]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Yadav is a traditionally peasant-pastoral community of India and Nepal. The term "Yadav" is now commonly used as a surname by members of communities such as [[Ahir|Ahirs]], [[Golla (caste)|Golas]], and [[Gavli|Gavlis]]. At present people from this community are chiefly engaged in agriculture, military services, and also in cattle herding.<br />
<br />
Historically, the Ahir and Yadav groups had an ambiguous ritual status in caste stratification.<ref name="ambiguous-ritual-status">{{citation|last=Michelutti|first=Lucia|location=London and New York|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=978-0-415-46732-2|page=220|title=The Vernacularisation of Democracy: Politics, Caste and Religion in India|series=Exploring the Political in South Asia|quote=Historically, the Ahir caste/community also had an ambiguous ritual status in the caste hierarchy. Amongst the Ahir/Yadav case we find ''rajas, zamindars, sepoys'', and cowherders who have been conceived and categorised either as warriors and as belonging to the Kshatriya ''varna'', or as lower caste and belonging to the ''shudra'' varna. In Ahirwal, members of Ahir seigneurial lineages have come to be known by the title Rajput. (p. 220)}}</ref>{{efn|From the mid-19th century onward, many British ethnographies attempted to understand India's tribes and castes by attempting to document the differences and to explain them in the prevailing ideologies of the period; the lack of such understanding was felt to be one of the reasons for the Indian rebellion of 1857.<ref name=rand-post-1857>{{citation|last=Rand|first=Gavin|title=Mutiny on the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857, Volume 7|editor1-last=Rand|editor1-first=Gavin|editor2-last=Bates|editor2-first=Crispin|chapter=Reconstructing the Imperial Military after the Rebellion|date=6 June 2013 |page=101|isbn=978-81-321-1053-8|quote=However, while ethnography was thus made central to the process of reconstruction, there remained a good deal of ambiguity regarding distinctions of race, caste and tribe. An investigation into the utility of various ‘low caste’ levies raised during 1857 was abandoned in 1861 when it emerged that while some officers had raised troops from sweepers and outcastes, others understood the term to refer simply to those regiments raised without Brahmins. This is simply one example of the numerous, wider ambiguities which inflect colonial knowledge in this period and which (amongst other factors) militated against radical change in the aftermath of the rebellion. This ambiguity was reflected in much of the evidence gathered by the Royal Commission, where geographic and regional distinctions overlapped and complicated religious and ethnic identities. Nevertheless, the administrative impulse to know India after 1857 is evident throughout the process of reflection and reconstruction undertaken by the imperial military. However, as the diversity of opinion gathered by the Royal Commission makes clear, while there was general recognition that ethnographic knowledge was key to the business of administering the Native army, there was much less agreement on the precise mechanisms by which such administration could be carried forth and, often, widespread confusion over the most salient aspects of Indian ethnography, culture and tradition. In part, the injunction to know India and its peoples is characteristic of the period.<Footnote 35 (p. 111)>: See, for example, the illustrated taxonomy of Indian ethnographic types prepared by Kaye, Watson, and Meadows Taylor and published as ''The People of India: A Series of Photographic Illustrations with Descriptive Letterpress, of the Races and Tribes of Hindustan, Originally Prepared under the Authority of the Government of India and Reproduced by the Order of the Secretary of State in Council'' (London: W. H. Allen, 1868)>}}</ref>}} Since the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Yadav movement has worked to improve the social standing of its constituents,<ref name="LeshnikSontheimer1975">{{cite book|last1=Leshnik|first1=Lawrence S.|last2=Sontheimer|first2=Günther-Dietz|title=Pastoralists and nomads in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0rEKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA218|year=1975|publisher=O. Harrassowitz|page=218|isbn=9783447015523}} Quote: "The Ahir and allied cowherd castes (whether actually pastoralists or cultivators, as in the Punjab) have recently organized a pan-Indian caste association with political as well as social reformist goals using the epic designation of Yadava (or Jadava) Vanshi Kshatriya, ie the warrior caste descending from the Yadava lineage of the Mahabharata fame."</ref> through [[Sanskritisation]],<ref name="Jaffrelot2003-p210-211">{{cite book|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJZp5tDuY-gC&pg=PA210|year=2003|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-12786-8|pages=210–211}} Quote: "In his typology of low caste movements, (M. S. A.) Rao distinguishes five categories. The first is characterised by 'withdrawal and self-organisation'. ... The second one, illustrated by the Yadavs, is based on the claim of 'higher ''varna'' status' and fits with Sanskritisation pattern. ..."</ref> active participation in the armed forces,<ref name="pinch-p90">{{cite book|last=Pinch|first=William R.|title=Peasants and monks in British India|url=https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc|url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-20061-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc/page/90 90]}} Quote: "''Gopis'', ''Goalas'', and ''Ahirs'', who would by the early 1900s begin referring to themselves as ''Yadav'' kshatriyas, had long sought and attained (after 1898) recruitment as soldiers in the British Indian army, particularly in the Western Gangetic Plain."</ref> expansion of economic opportunities to include other, more prestigious business fields, and active participation in politics.<ref name="LeshnikSontheimer1975" /> Yadav leaders and intellectuals have often focused on their claimed descent from Yadu, and from [[Krishna]],<ref name="gooptuMAS1997">{{Citation|last=Gooptu|first=Nandini|title=The Urban Poor and Militant Hinduism in Early Twentieth-Century Uttar Pradesh|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=31|issue=4 (Oct., 1997)|pages=879–918|jstor=312848|doi=10.1017/s0026749x00017194|year=1997|s2cid=146484298 }} Quote: " ... Lord Krishna, a legendary warrior and a Hindu deity, whom some shudra castes, notably the ahir or yadav, claim to be their ancestor." (page 902)</ref> which they argue confers [[kshatriya]] status upon them,<ref name="Bayly2001-p84">{{cite book|last=Bayly|first=Susan|title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA84|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-79842-6|page=84}} Quote: "They had many counterparts elsewhere, most notably in the Gangetic plain where users of titles like Ahir, Jat and Goala turned increasingly towards the cow-cherishing rustic piety associated with the cult of Krishna. With its visions of milkmaids and sylvan raptures, and its cultivation of divine bounty in the form of sweet milky essences, this form of Vishnu worship offered an inviting path to 'caste Hindu' life for many people of martial pastoralist background.<sup>42</sup> Footnote 42: "From the later nineteenth century the title Yadav was widely adopted in preference to Goala. ..."</ref> and effort has been invested in recasting the group narrative to emphasise ''kshatriya''-like valour,<ref name="Flueckiger1996-p137-138">{{cite book|last=Flueckiger|first=Joyce Burkhalter|title=Gender and Genre in the Folklore of Middle India|url=https://archive.org/details/gendergenreinfol00flue|url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-8344-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/gendergenreinfol00flue/page/137 137]}} Quote: "Another way to confirm their warrior status was to try to associate themselves with Yadav cowherding caste of the divine cowherd Krishna, calling themselves Yadavs instead of Ahirs. Ahir intelligensia "rewrote" certain historical documents to prove this connection, forming a national Yadav organization that continues to coordinate and promote the mobility drive of the caste. Integral to this movement are retelling of caste history that reflect its martial character; ..."</ref> however, the overall tenor of their movement has not been overtly [[egalitarian]] in the context of the larger Indian caste system.<ref name="Jaffrelot2003-p211">{{cite book|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJZp5tDuY-gC&pg=PA210|year=2003|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-12786-8|page=211}} Quote: "Rather, the low caste movements can more pertinently be regrouped in two broader categories: first, the reform movements situating themselves within the Hindu way of life, be they relying on the mechanisms of Sanskritisation or on the ''bhakti'' tradition; and second those which are based on an ethnic or western ideology with a strong egalitarian overtone. The Yadav movement—and to a lesser extent the Ezhavas—can be classified in the first group whereas all the other ones belong to the second category. Interestingly none of the latter has a North Indian origin."</ref> Yadavs benefited from [[Zamindar#Abolition|Zamindari abolition]] in some states of north India like [[Bihar]], but not to the extent that members of other [[Upper Backward Castes]] did.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zA2rCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT169|title=Government of Peace: Social Governance, Security and the Problematic of Peace|author=Ranabir Samaddar|page=169|<br />
publisher=Routledge|year= 2016|<br />
isbn=978-1317125372|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Origins==<br />
<br />
===In mythology===<br />
The term ''Yadav'' (or sometimes ''[[Yadava]]'') has been interpreted to mean ''a descendant of Yadu'', who is a mythological king.<ref name=Rao1979p124>{{cite book |title=Social movements and social transformation: a study of two backward classes movements in India |first=M. S. A. |last=Rao |author-link=M. S. A. Rao |publisher=Macmillan |year=1979 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWEiAQAAMAAJ |page=124|isbn=9780836421330 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Using "very broad generalisations", Jayant Gadkari says that it is "almost certain" from analysis of the ''[[Puranas]]'' that [[Andhaka]], [[Vrishni]], [[Yadava#The Satvatas|Satvata]] and [[Abhira tribe|Abhira]] were collectively known as ''Yadavas'' and worshipped Krishna. Gadkari further notes of these ancient works that "It is beyond dispute that each of the ''Puranas'' consists of legends and myths&nbsp;... but what is important is that, within that framework [a] certain value system is propounded".<ref>{{cite book |title=Society and religion: from Rugveda to Puranas |first=Jayant |last=Gadkari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zst_7qaatp8C |pages=179, 183–184 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=Bombay |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7154-743-2}}</ref><br />
<br />
Lucia Michelutti notes that {{quote|At the core of the Yadav community lies a specific folk theory of descent, according to which all Indian pastoral castes are said to descend from the Yadu dynasty (hence the label Yadav) to which Krishna (a cowherder, and supposedly a Kshatriya) belonged.&nbsp;... [there is] a strong belief amongst them that all Yadavs belong to Krishna's line of descent, the Yadav subdivisions of today being the outcome of a fission of an original and undifferentiated group.<ref name=Michelutti2004p49>{{cite journal |title="We (Yadavs) are a caste of politicians": Caste and modern politics in a north Indian town |first=Lucia |last=Michelutti|journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology |date=February 2004 |volume=38 |issue=1–2 |page=49 |doi=10.1177/006996670403800103|s2cid=144951057 }}{{subscription required}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Historians such as P. M. Chandorkar have used epigraphical and similar evidence to argue that Ahirs and Gavlis are representative of the ancient Yadavas and Abhiras mentioned in [[Sanskrit]] works.<ref>{{Cite book|first = Sumit | last = Guha |title=Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200-1991| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GSa5blriOYcC&pg=PA47|year = 2006| publisher = University of Cambridge|page=47|isbn=978-0-521-02870-7}}</ref><br />
<br />
===In practice===<br />
[[File:Gujarati Ahir.jpg|thumb|300x300px|This is a picture clicked during an Ahir caste meeting in Gujarat.]]<br />
There are several communities that coalesce to form the Yadavs. [[Christophe Jaffrelot]] has remarked that <br />
{{quote|The term 'Yadav' covers many castes which initially had different names: [[Ahir]] in the Hindi belt, Punjab and Gujarat, [[Gavli]] in Maharashtra, [[Golla (caste)|Golla]] in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka etc. Their traditional common function, all over India, was that of herdsmen, cowherds and milksellers.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p187/>}}<br />
<br />
However, Jaffrelot has also said that most of the modern Yadavs are cultivators, mainly engaged in tilling the land, and less than one third of the population are occupied in raising cattle or the milk business.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=188 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC}}</ref><br />
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[[M. S. A. Rao]] had earlier expressed the same opinion as Jaffrelot, and noted that the traditional association with cattle, together with the belief in descent from Yadu, defines the community.<ref name=Rao1979p124/> According to [[David G. Mandelbaum|David Mandelbaum]], the association of the Yadav (and their constituent castes, [[Ahir]] and [[Gwala (community)|Gwala]]) with cattle has impacted on their commonly viewed ritual status (varna) as [[Shudra]], although the community's members often claim the higher status of Kshatriya. The Shudra status is explained by the nomadic nature of herdsmen, which constrained the ability of other groups in the varna system to validate the adherence to practices of ritual purity; by their involvement in castration of the animals, which was considered to be a ritually polluting act; and because the sale of milk, as opposed to personal use thereof, was thought to represent economic gain from a sacrosanct product.<ref>{{cite book |title=Society in India |volume=2 |first=David Goodman |last=Mandelbaum |author-link=David Goodman Mandelbaum |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-520-01623-1 |pages=442–443 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igfd9YYCqf8C}}</ref><br />
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According to Lucia Michelutti:<br />
{{quote|...&nbsp;Yadavs constantly trace their caste predispositions and skills to descent, and in doing so they affirm their distinctiveness as a caste. For them, caste is not just appellation but quality of blood (Yalman 1969: 87, in Gupta 2000: 82). This view is not recent. The Ahirs (today Yadavs) had a lineage view of caste (Fox 1971; Unnithan-Kumar 1997) that was based on a strong ideological model of descent. This descent-based kinship structure was also linked to a specific Kshatriya and their religious tradition centred on Krishna mythology and pastoral warrior hero-god cults.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gupta|first1=Dipankar|last2=Michelutti|first2=Lucia|editor=Dipankar Gupta|title=Caste in Question: Identity or hierarchy?|volume=Contributions to Indian Sociology|year=2004|publisher=Sage Publications|location=New Delhi, California, London|isbn=0-7619-3324-7|pages=48/Lucia Michelutti|chapter=2. 'We (Yadavs) are a caste of politicians': Caste and modern politics in a north Indian town}}</ref>}}<br />
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==Yadavs in modern India==<br />
[[File:Veer ahir.jpg|thumb|Veer ahir ajit hai abhit hai]]<br />
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===Occupational background, location and social status===<br />
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The Yadavs mostly live in [[Northern India]], and particularly in [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]].<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p196/><ref name=Mandelbaum1970p442/> Traditionally, they were a non-elite<ref name="Luce2008">{{cite book|last=Luce|first=Edward|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oMYeyhrgd_wC&pg=PT133|title=In Spite of the Gods: The Rise of Modern India|publisher=Random House Digital, Inc.|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4000-7977-3|page=133|author-link=Edward Luce}} Quote: "The Yadavs are one of India's largest 'Other Backward Classes,' a government term that covers most of India's [[Shudra|Sudra]] castes. Yadavs are the traditional cowherd caste of North India and are relatively low down on the traditional pecking order, but not as low as the untouchable Mahars or Chamars."</ref><ref name="michelutti-2004">{{Citation|last=Michelutti|first=Lucia|title='We (Yadavs) are a caste of politicians': Caste and modern politics in a north Indian town|journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology|year=2004|volume=38|issue=1–2|pages=43–71|doi=10.1177/006996670403800103|s2cid=144951057}} Quote: "The Yadavs were traditionally a low-to-middle-ranking cluster of pastoral-peasant castes that have become a significant political force in Uttar Pradesh (and other northern states like Bihar) in the last thirty years."</ref> pastoral caste. Their traditional occupations changed over time and for many years Yadavs have been primarily involved in cultivation,<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p188/> although Michelutti has noted a "recurrent pattern" since the 1950s whereby economic advancement has progressed through involvement in cattle-related business to transportation and thence to construction. Employment with the army and the police have been other traditional occupations in northern India, and more recently government employment in that region has also become significant. She believes that [[positive discrimination]] measures and gains as a consequence of [[land reform]] legislation have been important factors in at least some areas.<ref>{{cite journal |title="We (Yadavs) are a caste of politicians": Caste and modern politics in a north Indian town |first=Lucia |last=Michelutti|journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology |date=February 2004 |volume=38 |issue=1–2 |pages=52–53 |doi=10.1177/006996670403800103|s2cid=144951057 }}{{subscription required}}</ref><br />
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Lucia Michelutti notes that {{quote|Colonial ethnographers left a legacy of hundreds of pages of ethnographic and ethnological details which portray the Ahir/Yadavs as "Kshatriyas", "martial" and "wealthy", or as "Shudras", "cowherders", "milk sellers" and low in status terms. In short there has been no consensus on the nature of the Ahir caste/tribe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2106/1/U613338.pdf|title=Sons of Krishna: the politics of Yadav community formation in a North Indian town|last=Michelutti|first=Lucia|year=2002|access-date=13 September 2019|page=83}}</ref>}}<br />
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J. S. Alter notes that in North India the majority of the wrestlers are of the Yadav caste. He explains this as being due to their involvement in the milk business and dairy farms, which thus provides easy access to the milk and [[ghee]] deemed to be essential to a good diet.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Wrestling with (Body) Politics: Understanding 'Goonda' Political Styles in North India |first=Lucia |last=Michelutti |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8bfCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA55 |page=55 |title= Power and Influence in India: Bosses, Lords and Captains: Exploring the Political in South Asia |editor1-first=Pamela |editor1-last=Price |editor2-first=Arild Engelsen |editor2-last=Ruud |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-13619-799-4}}</ref><br />
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Although the Yadavs have formed a fairly significant proportion of the population in various areas, including 11% of that of Bihar in 1931, their interest in pastoral activities was not traditionally matched by ownership of land and consequently they were not a "dominant caste". Their traditional position, which Jaffrelot describes as "low caste peasants", also militated against any dominant role. Their involvement in pastoralism accounts for a traditional view of Yadavs as being peaceful, while their particular association with cows has a special significance in Hinduism, as do their beliefs regarding Krishna.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p188>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=188 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC}}</ref> Against this image, [[Robert Vane Russell|Russell and Lal]], writing in 1916, called the Ahir subdivision uncouth, although it is unclear whether their comments were based entirely on proverbial stories, on observation or on both.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ |title=Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India |volume=2 |year=1916 |page=[https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce02russ/page/37 37] |first1=R. V. |last1=Russell |first2=Raj Bahadur Hira |last2=Lal |publisher=Macmillan |location=London}}</ref> Tilak Gupta said that this view persisted in modern times in Bihar, where the Yadav were viewed in highly negative terms by other groups.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Yadav Ascendancy in Bihar Politics |first=Tilak D. |last=Gupta |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=27 |issue=26 |date=27 June 1992 |pages=1304–1306 |jstor=4398537}}{{subscription required}}</ref> However, Michelutti observed, these very same people acknowledge and coveted their political influence, connections and abilities.<ref name="Lucia">{{cite web |title=Wrestling with (body) politics: understanding 'goonda' political styles in North India|url=http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:C4SaepWFzv0J:scholar.google.com/+michelutti+yadav+goonda&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5|last=Michelutti|work= Quote:"I saw many high-caste people, who refer to Yadavs as goondas in a disapproving fashion using their 'services'. Their connections, political influence and abilities are thus practically acknowledged. By the end of the fieldwork the same non-Yadav informants who advise me of not going around with politicians asked me to use my 'Yadav contacts' to help them to get their telephone line sorted out, to get a taxi-licence or to speed up a court case."|access-date=27 October 2011}}</ref><br />
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The Yadavs have, however, demonstrated a feature, driven by their more notable members, that shares a similarity with other Indian communities. Mandelbaum has noted that {{quote|As the families of a [[jāti]], in sufficient number, accrue a strong power base, and as their leading men become united enough to move together for higher status, they typically step up their efforts to improve their jāti customs. They try to abandon demeaning practices and to adopt purer and more prestigious ways. They usually want to drop the old name for a better one.<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p442>{{cite book |title=Society in India |volume=2 |first=David Goodman |last=Mandelbaum |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-520-01623-1 |page=442 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igfd9YYCqf8C}}</ref>}}<br />
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In Bihar, the political advancement of Yadavs didn't improve their relative marginalisation in other fields. The spread of education among the community remained less as compared to more advanced [[Other Backward Caste]]s like [[Kurmi|Awadhia Kurmi]], [[Koeri]] and [[Bania (caste)|Bania]]. The attachment of Yadavs with the pastoral activities has been responsible behind their lower position in caste hierarchy as compared to owner cultivator castes among the [[Other Backward Class|OBC]]s. In areas where the communal ownership of land prevailed, trespassing into the fields by Yadav cattle herders to feed the cattle remained the part of their daily struggle for survival. Since such communal lands were mostly appropriated by village landlords, the caste occupation of Yadavs brought them in conflict with latter, and such skirmishes gave a militant and aggressive edge to the community's character. This followed their portrayal as "uncultured brutes" in the elitist discourses, which largely mirrors extreme backwardness still prevalent in large section of this community. The attempt to move up in the social ladder also remained evident in the nature of community and in due course of time "thriftiness" was observed to be a phenomenon, where they tried to save and buy small plot of lands, to be classified as owner cultivators.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Tilak D.|last=Gupta.|title= "Yadav Ascendancy in Bihar Politics."|journal=Economic and Political Weekly| volume= 27|issue= 26|year=1992|pages=1304–06|jstor=4398537}}</ref><br />
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===Sanskritisation===<br />
{{Main|Sanskritisation}}<br />
[[File:GauwliesCowherdsBerar1874.jpg|right|thumb|Two cowherds from the Gauwli caste (now a part of the Yadav group) in [[Amravati Division|Berar]] (now in [[Maharashtra]]) 1874]]<br />
[[File:GauliMysoreBuffaloHerderLingayat1875.jpg|right|thumb|A buffalo herder from the [[Lingayat]] Gauli caste (now a part of the Yadav group) in Mysore state (now [[Karnataka]], 1875]]<br />
By the end of the nineteenth century, some Yadavs had become successful cattle traders and others had been awarded government contracts to care for cattle.<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p443>{{cite book |title=Society in India |volume=2 |first=David Goodman |last=Mandelbaum |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-520-01623-1 |page=443 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igfd9YYCqf8C}}</ref> Jaffrelot believes that the religious connotations of their connections to the cow and Krishna were seized upon by those Yadavs seeking to further the process of Sanskritisation,<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p188/> and that it was [[Rao Bahadur Balbir Singh]], a descendant of the last [[Abhira dynasty]] to be formed in India, who spearheaded this. Singh established the ''[[Ahir Yadav Kshatriya Mahasabha]]'' (AYKM) in 1910, which at once asserted that its Ahir constituents were of Kshatriya ritual rank in the varna system, descended from [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yadu]] (as was Krishna), and really known as Yadavs. The organisation claimed support from the facts that various Raj ethnologists had earlier claimed a connection between the Ahir and the Abhira, and because their participation in recent events such as the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] had demonstrated that Ahirs were good fighters.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p189>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=189 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC |access-date=2011-08-16}}</ref><br />
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The AYKM was a self-contained unit and did not try to forge links with similar bodies among other caste groups that claimed Kshatriya descent at that time. It had some success, notably in breaking down some of the very strict traditions of [[endogamy]] within the community, and it gained some additional momentum as people from rural areas gradually migrated away from their villages to urban centres such as Delhi. Ameliorating the effects of strict endogamy was seen as being conducive to causing the community as a whole to unite, rather than existing as smaller subdivisions within it.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p189/> Rao has said that the events of this period meant that "the term Yadava refers to both an ethnic category and an ideology".<ref name=Rao1979p123>{{cite book |title=Social movements and social transformation: a study of two backward classes movements in India |first=M. S. A. |last=Rao |publisher=Macmillan |year=1979 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWEiAQAAMAAJ |page=123|isbn=9780836421330 }}</ref><br />
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Of particular significance in the movement for Sanskritisation of the community was the role of the [[Arya Samaj]], whose representatives had been involved with the family of Singh since the late 1890s and who had been able to establish branches in various locations.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p189/> Although this movement, founded by [[Swami Dayananda Saraswati]], favoured a caste hierarchy and also endogamy, its supporters believed that caste should be determined on merit rather than on heritage. They therefore encouraged Yadavs to adopt the [[sacred thread]] as a symbolic way to defy the traditional inherited caste system, and they also supported the creation of [[Cow protection movement|cow protection associations]] (''Goraksha Sabha'') as a means by which Yadavs and other non-Brahmans could affirm the extent of their commitment to Hinduism by observing the strictures relating to cow slaughter.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003pp191-193>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |pages=191–193 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC |access-date=2011-08-16}}</ref> In Bihar, where the [[Bhumihar]]s and [[Rajput]]s were the dominant groups, the wearing of the thread by Ahirs led to occasions of violence.<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p444>{{cite book |title=Society in India |volume=2 |first=David Goodman |last=Mandelbaum |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-520-01623-1 |page=444 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igfd9YYCqf8C}}</ref><br />
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Jaffrelot has contrasted the motivations of Yadav Sanskritisation with that of the [[Nair]]s, another Indian community. He notes that [[Gyanendra Pandey (historian)|Gyanendra Pandey]], Rao and [[M. N. Srinivas]] all assert that Yadav Sanskritisation was not a process to imitate or raise the community to ritual parity with the higher ranks but rather to undermine the authority of those ranks. He contrasts this "subversion" theory with the Nair's motive of "emancipation", whereby Sanskritisation was "a means of reconciling low ritual status with growing socio-economic assertiveness and of taking the first steps towards an alternative, Dravidian identity". Using examples from Bihar, Jaffrelot demonstrates that there were some organised attempts among members of the Yadav community where the driving force was clearly secular and in that respect similar to the Nair's socio-economic movement. These were based on a desire to end oppression caused by, for example, having to perform ''[[Unfree labor|begari]]'' (forced labour) for upper castes and having to sell produce at prices below those prevailing in the open market to the [[zamindar]]s, as well as by promoting education of the Yadav community. This "aggressive Sanskritisation", which caused riots in the area, was emulated by some other of the lower caste groups.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003pp191-193/> In support of the argument that the movements bore similarity, Jaffrelot cites [[Hetukar Jha]], who says of the Bihar situation that "The real motive behind the attempts of the Yadavas, Kurmis and Koeris at Sanskritising themselves was to get rid of this socio-economic repression".<ref>{{cite journal |title=Lower Caste Peasants and Upper-Caste Zamindars in Bihar, 1921–1925: an analysis of sanskritisation and contradiction between the two groups |journal=Indian Economic and Social History Review |volume=14 |issue=4 |year=1977 |page=550 |first=Hetukar |last=Jha |doi=10.1177/001946467701400404|s2cid=143558861 }}</ref><br />
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The process of Sanskritisation often included creating a history. The first such for the Yadavs was written in the late nineteenth century by [[Vithal Krishnaji Khedkar]], a schoolteacher who became private secretary to a Maharajah. In 1959, Khedekar's work was published by his son, [[Raghunath Vithal Khedkar]], who was a surgeon, under the title ''[[The Divine Heritage of the Yadavas]]''. There has been subsequent work to develop his ideas, notably by [[K. C. Yadav]] and [[J. N. Singh Yadav]].<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p442/><ref name=Jaffrelot2003pp194-196>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |pages=194–196 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC}}</ref><br />
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Khedekar's history made the claim that Yadavs were descendants of the Abhira tribe and that the modern Yadavs were the same community referred to as dynasties in the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and ''Puranas''.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003pp194-196 /> Describing the work of the Khedekars as "a well-edited and well-produced volume", Mandelbaum notes that the Yadavs {{quote|...&nbsp;have usually been held in considerably less glorious repute by their neighbors. While an occasional warrior of a pastoral jati did establish his own state and dynasty, cattlekeepers are ranked in many localities among the lower blocks of the Shudras ...&nbsp;[The book] postulates divine and noble ancestry for a good many jatis in several language regions covering hundreds and thousands of people who share little more than a traditional occupation and a conviction about their rightful prerogatives.<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p442/>}} In creating this history there is some support for an argument that Yadavs were looking to adopt an ethnic identity akin to the [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] one that was central to the Sanskritisation of the Nairs and other in south India. However, Jaffrelot believes that such an argument would be overstated because the Yadav "redrawing of history" was much more narrow, being centred on themselves rather than on any wider shared ethnic base. They did acknowledge groups such as the [[Jat]]s and [[Maratha]]s as being similarly descended from Krishna but they did not particularly accommodate them in their adopted [[Aryan]] ethnic ideology, believing themselves to be superior to these other communities. Jaffrelot considers the history thus created to be one that is "largely mythical [and] enabled Yadav intellectuals to invent a golden age".<ref name=Jaffrelot2003pp194-196 /><br />
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Michelutti prefers the term "yadavisation" to that of "sanskritisation". She argues that the perceived common link to Krishna was used to campaign for the official recognition of the many and varied herding communities of India under the title of Yadav, rather than merely as a means to claim the rank of Kshatriya. Furthermore, that "...&nbsp;social leaders and politicians soon realised that their 'number' and the official proof of their demographic status were important political instruments on the basis of which they could claim a 'reasonable' share of state resources."<ref name=Michelutti2004p49/><br />
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===All-India Yadav Mahasabha===<br />
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The [[All-India Yadav Mahasabha]] (AIYM) was founded at [[Allahabad]] in 1924 by a meeting of disparate local groups from Bihar, [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and what is now Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p443/><ref name=Jaffrelot2003pp194-196/> Although the AIYM was initially organised by V. K. Khedakar, it was Rao Balbir Singh who developed it and this coincided with a period&nbsp;– during the 1920s and 1930s&nbsp;– when similar Sanskritisation movements elsewhere in the country were on the wane. The program included campaigning in favour of teetotalism and vegetarianism, both of which were features of higher-ranking castes, as well as promoting self-education and promoting the adoption of the "Yadav" name.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p196/> It also sought to encourage the British Raj to recruit Yadavs as officers in the army and sought to modernise community practices such as reducing the financial burden dowries and increasing the acceptable age of marriage. Furthermore, the AIYM encouraged the more wealthy members of the community to donate to good causes, such as for the funding of scholarships, temples, educational institutions and intra-community communications.<ref name=Jaffrelot2003p196>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=196 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC |access-date=2011-08-16}}</ref><ref name=Mandelbaum1970p444/><br />
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The Yadav belief in their superiority impacted on their campaigning. In 1930, the Yadavs of Bihar joined with the [[Kurmi]] and [[Koeri]] agriculturalists to enter local elections. They lost badly but in 1934 the three communities formed the [[Triveni Sangh]] political party, which allegedly had a million dues-paying members by 1936. However, the organisation was hobbled by competition from the Congress-backed ''Backward Class Federation'', which was formed around the same time, and by co-option of community leaders by the Congress party. The Triveni Sangh suffered badly in the 1937 elections, although it did win in some areas. Aside from an inability to counter the superior organisational ability of the higher castes who opposed it, the unwillingness of the Yadavs to renounce their belief that they were natural leaders and that the Kurmi were somehow inferior was a significant factor in the lack of success. Similar problems beset a later planned caste union, the ''Raghav Samaj'', with the Koeris.<ref>{{cite book |title=India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India |page=197 |first=Christophe |last=Jaffrelot |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85065-670-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkW94DtUMAC |access-date=2011-08-16}}</ref><br />
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In the post-colonial period, according to Michelutti, it was the process of yadavisation and the concentration on two core aims&nbsp;– increasing the demographic coverage and campaigning for improved protection under the [[positive discrimination]] scheme for [[Backward class|Backward Classes]]&nbsp;– that has been a singular feature of the AIYM, although it continues its work in other areas such as promotion of vegetarianism and teetotalism. Their proposals have included measures designed to increase the number of Yadavs employed or selected by political and public organisations on the grounds of their numerical strength, including as judges, government ministers and regional governors. By 2003 the AIYM had expanded to cover seventeen states and Michelutti believed it to be the only organisation of its type that crossed both linguistic and cultural lines. It continues to update its literature, including websites, to further its belief that all claimed descendants of Krishna are Yadav. It has become a significant political force.<ref>{{cite journal |title="We (Yadavs) are a caste of politicians": Caste and modern politics in a north Indian town |first=Lucia |last=Michelutti|journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology |date=February 2004 |volume=38 |issue=1–2 |pages=50–51 |doi=10.1177/006996670403800103|s2cid=144951057 }}{{subscription required}}</ref><br />
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The campaign demanding that the army of the Raj should recruit Yadavs as officers resurfaced in the 1960s. Well-reported bravery during fighting in the Himalayas in 1962, notably by the 13th Kumaon company of Ahirs, led to a campaign by the AIYM demanding the creation of a specific Yadav regiment.<ref name=Mandelbaum1970p444/><br />
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===Post-Independence===<br />
[[File:Hyderabad bull.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Sadar (festival)|Sadar festival]] of Yadavs in Hyderabad celebrated during Diwali]]<br />
Mandelbaum has commented on how the community basks in the reflected glory of those members who achieve success, that "Yadav publications proudly cite not only their mythical progenitors and their historical Rajas, but also contemporaries who have become learned scholars, rich industrialists, and high civil servants." He notes that this trait can also be seen among other caste groups.<ref>{{cite book |title=Society in India |volume=2 |first=David Goodman |last=Mandelbaum |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-520-01623-1 |page=485 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igfd9YYCqf8C |access-date=2011-08-25}}</ref><br />
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The [[Sadar (festival)|Sadar festival]] is celebrated annually by the Yadav community in [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], following the day of [[Diwali]]. Community members parade, dancing around their best buffalo bulls, which have been colourfully decorated with flowers and paint.<ref>{{cite news|title=Traditional Sadar Festival Celebrated|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article872151.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=26 September 2012|location=Hyderabad|date=7 November 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Classification==<br />
The Yadavs are included in the [[Other Backward Class]]es (OBCs) category in the Indian states of [[Bihar]],<ref name=central-obclist-bihar>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/bihar.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF BIHAR |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 104)</ref> [[Chhattisgarh]],<ref name=central-obclist-chgattisgarh>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/Chattisgarh.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES: CHHATISGARH |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 1)</ref> [[Delhi]],<ref name=central-obclist-delhi>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/delhi.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES: DELHI |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 3)</ref> [[Haryana]],<ref name=central-obclist-haryana>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/haryana.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES: HARYANA |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 29)</ref> [[Jharkhand]],<ref name=central-obclist-jharkhand>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/Jharkhand.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES: JHARKHAND |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 118)</ref> [[Karnataka]],<ref name=central-obclist-karnataka>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/karnataka.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES: KARNATAKA |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 58)</ref> [[Madhya Pradesh]],<ref name=central-obclist-madhyapradesh>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/madhyapradesh.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES: MADHYA PRADESH |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 1)</ref> [[Odisha]],<ref name=central-obclist-orissa>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/orrisa.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF ORISSA |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 43)</ref> [[Rajasthan]],<ref name=central-obclist-rajasthan>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/rajasthan.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF RAJASTHAN |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 1)</ref> [[Uttar Pradesh]],<ref name=central-obclist-uttarpradesh>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/uttarpradesh.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 1)</ref> and [[West Bengal]].<ref name=central-obclist-westbengal>{{Citation |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/westbengal.pdf |title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF WEST BENGAL |work=National Commission of Backward Classes |publisher=Government of India |access-date=28 October 2011}} (Serial Number 3)</ref> In 2001, the Social Justice Committee in Uttar Pradesh reported over-representation of some OBCs, particularly Yadavs, in public offices; it suggested creating sub categories within the OBC category.<ref name="jeff#1">{{cite book|last1=Jeffery|first1=Roger|last2=Jeffrey|first2=Craig|last3=Lerche|first3=Jens|title=Development Failure and Identity Politics in Uttar Pradesh|year=2014|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=9789351501800|page=43|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r7aICwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132}}</ref> The outcome of this was that the Yadav/Ahir became the only group listed in Part A of a three-part OBC classification system.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Pai|editor-first=Sudha|first=Anil K. |last=Verma|chapter=Backward-Caste Politics in Uttar Pradesh: An Analysis of the Samajwadi Party|title=Political process in Uttar Pradesh: identity, economic reforms, and governance|year=2007|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-0797-5|page=160 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S46rbUL6GrMC&pg=PA160}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Yadavs in Nepal==<br />
The [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal)|Central Bureau of Statistics]] of Nepal classifies the Yadav as a subgroup within the broader social group of [[Madheshi people|Madheshi]] Other Caste.<ref> Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II [https://nepal.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf]</ref> At the time of the [[2011 Nepal census]], 1,054,458 people (4.0% of the population of Nepal) were Yadav. The frequency of Yadavs by province was as follows:<br />
* [[Madhesh Province]] (14.8%)<br />
* [[Lumbini Province]] (4.1%)<br />
* [[Koshi Province]] (1.3%)<br />
* [[Bagmati Province]] (0.2%)<br />
* [[Gandaki Province]] (0.0%)<br />
* [[Karnali Province]] (0.0%)<br />
* [[Sudurpashchim Province]] (0.0%)<br />
<br />
The frequency of [[Yadavs of Nepal]] was higher than national average (4.0%) in the following districts:<ref>[https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf 2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report]</ref><br />
* [[Siraha District|Siraha]] (24.4%)<br />
* [[Dhanusha District|Dhanusha]] (17.5%)<br />
* [[Saptari District|Saptari]] (15.8%)<br />
* [[Sarlahi District|Sarlahi]] (15.5%)<br />
* [[Mahottari District|Mahottari]] (15.2%)<br />
* [[Rautahat District|Rautahat]] (12.2%)<br />
* [[Bara District|Bara]] (10.5%)<br />
* [[Kapilvastu District|Kapilvastu]] (10.2%)<br />
* [[Rupandehi District|Rupandehi]] (7.4%)<br />
* [[Parsa District|Parsa]] (6.6%)<br />
* [[Parasi District|Parasi]] (5.8%)<br />
* [[Banke District|Banke]] (4.7%)<br />
* [[Sunsari District|Sunsari]] (4.3%)<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{commons category|Yadav people}}<br />
* [[List of Yadavs]]<br />
* [[Ahir clans]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Social class}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav Caste}}<br />
[[Category:Ahir]]<br />
[[Category:Indian castes]]<br />
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Social groups of Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Herding castes]]<br />
[[Category:Indian surnames]]<br />
[[Category:Lunar dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Nepal]]</div>172.69.176.25