Economy of Gujarat

2022-12-04T10:43:29Z

162.158.227.235:

{{Short description|Economy of the Indian state of Gujarat}}
{{Infobox economy
| country = Gujarat
| image = GauravPath1.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = [[Surat]]
| currency = [[Indian Rupee]] [[₹]]
| year = 1 April – 31 March
| gdp = {{INRConvert|19.44|lc}} (2021–22)<ref name="Budget Analysis"/> {{INRConvert|22.03|lc}} (2022–23 est.)<ref name="Budget Analysis"/>
| gdp rank = [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|3rd]]
| growth = 17.4% (2021–22)<ref name="Budget Analysis"/> 13.3% (2022–23 est.)<ref name="Budget Analysis"/>
| per capita = {{INRConvert|241507}} (2020–21)<ref name="Budget Analysis"/>
| per capita rank = [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita|10th]]
| sectors = [[Agriculture]]: 20% [[Industrial sector|Industry]]: 43% [[Service (economics)|Services]]: 37% (2020–21)<ref name="Budget Analysis"/>
| components =
| poverty = {{decreasepositive}} [[List of Indian states and union territories by poverty rate|15%]] in poverty (2019–20)<ref>{{cite web | title=SDGs India Index | url=https://sdgindiaindex.niti.gov.in/#/ranking |work=[[NITI Aayog]] | date=31 December 2019}}</ref>
| gini =
| hdi = {{increase}} 0.672 {{color|darkorange|medium}} (2019) ([[List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index|21st]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Table - Global Data Lab|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/IND/|access-date=2022-12-04|website=globaldatalab.org}}</ref>
| labor =
| occupations =
| unemployment = {{decreasePositive}} 3.9% (Nov 2020)<ref>{{cite web|title=Unemployment Rate in India |url=https://unemploymentinindia.cmie.com/ |publisher=Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy |page=1 |access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref>
| average gross salary =
| gross median =
| average net salary =
| net median =
| edbr = {{increase}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|2nd (very easy, 2021)]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jul 1|first=TNN / Updated:|last2=2022|last3=Ist|first3=05:41|title=Gujarat climbs to second spot on ease of doing business list {{!}} Ahmedabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-climbs-to-2nd-spot-on-ease-of-doing-business-list/articleshow/92584128.cms|access-date=2022-12-04|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
| industries = {{hlist|[[Gems]] and [[jewellery]]|[[pharmaceutical]]|[[textile]]|[[chemical]] |[[ceramics]]| [[automobile]]| refining and petrochemicals|}}
| exports =
| export-goods =
| export-partners =
| imports =
| import-goods =
| import-partners =
| FDI = {{INRConvert|20169|c|lk=r}}
(2020-21)<ref>{{cite web|title=FDI|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/gujarat-slips-from-top-to-sixth-states-fdi-inflow-7969771/|website=Indian Express|access-date=June 14, 2022}}</ref>
| current account =
| gross external debt =
| NIIP =
| debt = 15.88% of GSDP (2022–23 est.)<ref name="Budget Analysis"/>
| balance = {{INRConvert|-36113|c}} 1.64% of GSDP (2022–23 est.)<ref name="Budget Analysis"/>
| revenue = {{INRConvert|1.82|lc}}(2022–23 est.)<ref name="Budget Analysis"/>
| expenses = {{INRConvert|2.18|lc}}(2022–23 est.)<ref name="Budget Analysis">{{cite web|title=Gujarat Budget Analysis 2022-23|url=https://prsindia.org/budgets/states/gujarat-budget-analysis-2022-23|website=PRS Legislative|access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref>
| aid =
| credit =
| spelling = Oxford
| presentUS$asdefault = no
}}

The '''economy of [[Gujarat]]''', a state in Western India, has significant [[agricultural]] as well as [[Manufacturing|industrial]] production within India. Major agricultural produce of the state includes [[cotton]], [[peanut|groundnut]]s (peanuts), [[Date (fruit)|dates]], [[sugar cane]], [[milk]] and milk products. Gujarat is one of the most industrialised states, with significant presence in pharma, chemicals, refining and petrochemicals, ceramics, textiles, automobile etc. sectors. Gujarat recorded the lowest unemployment rate in India in 2015, with 1.2% of the labour force being unemployed.<ref name="glance1">{{cite web|title=Indian Economy At a Glance [Infographic] - Quickonomics|url=https://quickonomics.com/2015/09/indian-economy-at-a-glance-infographic/|website=Quickonomics|access-date=19 November 2016|date=12 September 2015}}</ref>
</ref>

Gujarat is ranked number one in the [[pharmaceutical industry in India]], with a 33% share in drug manufacturing and 28% share in drug exports. The state has 130 USFDA certified drug manufacturing facilities. Ahmedabad and Vadodara are considered as pharmaceutical hubs as there are many big and small pharma companies established in these cities.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/despite-covid-19-fresh-investments-flowing-into-gujarats-pharma-sector/articleshow/81488146.cms |title=Despite Covid-19, fresh investments flowing into Gujarat's Pharma Sector |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2021-03-14 |access-date=2021-05-03}}</ref>

Gujarat has the longest coastline in India ({{cvt|1600|km|disp=sqbr}}), and its ports (both private and public sector) handle around 40% of India's ocean cargo, with [[Mundra Port]] located in [[Gulf of Kutch]] being the largest port of India by cargo handled (144 million tons) due to its favorable location on the westernmost part of India and closeness to global shipping lanes.
Gujarat also contributes around 20% share in India's industrial production and merchandise exports.

== Contribution ==
The world's largest [[ship breaking]] yard is in Gujarat near [[Bhavnagar]] at [[Alang]].

[[Reliance Petroleum]], one of the group companies of [[Reliance Industries Limited]] founded by [[Dhirubhai Ambani]] operates the oil refinery at Jamnagar which is the world's largest grass roots refinery.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ril.com/aboutus/about_milestone.html |title=Milestones |access-date=June 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060423171703/http://www.ril.com/aboutus/about_milestone.html |archive-date=April 23, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The company has also planned another SEZ ([[special economic zone]]), in [[Jamnagar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.domain-b.com/industry/general/20061102_Narendra_Modi.html |title=India talking of Gujarat's SEZ model: Narendra Modi |publisher=domain-b.com |date=2006-11-02 |access-date=2013-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://realestate.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1381781,prtpage-1.cms |title=Mukesh Ambani wants to build another ShanghaiReal Estate - Indiatimes |publisher=Realestate.indiatimes.com |access-date=2013-10-26}}</ref>

Legatum Institute's Global Prosperity Index 2012 recognised Gujarat as the highest-scoring among all States of India on matters of social capital.

== Sectors ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |Sector<ref>{{Cite web|title=Economy of Gujarat - StatisticsTimes.com|url=https://statisticstimes.com/economy/india/gujarat-economy.php|access-date=2022-12-04|website=statisticstimes.com}}</ref>
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" |GVA (Rupees in Lakh) at current prices
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" |GVA (Rupees in Lakh) at 2011-12 prices
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2019-20
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |% share
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2019-20
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |% share
|-
|1
|Primary Sector
|27,617,048
|19.37
|18,973,486
|17.39
|-
|1.1
|Agriculture, forestry & fishing
|22,282,348
|15.63
|14,245,950
|13.06
|-
|1.11
|Crops
|13,956,699
|9.79
|8,962,827
|8.21
|-
|1.12
|Livestock
|4,779,632
|3.35
|2,862,908
|2.62
|-
|1.13
|Forestry & logging
|2,363,287
|1.66
|1,888,936
|1.73
|-
|1.14
|Fishing and aquaculture
|1,182,730
|0.83
|531,280
|0.49
|-
|1.2
|Mining & quarrying
|5,334,699
|3.74
|4,727,536
|4.33
|-
|2
|Secondary Sector
|63,413,336
|44.49
|50,584,861
|46.36
|-
|2.1
|Manufacturing
|51,064,957
|35.82
|40,892,857
|37.48
|-
|2.2
|Electricity, gas, water supply & other utility services
|4,517,509
|3.17
|3,784,987
|3.47
|-
|2.3
|Construction
|7,830,871
|5.49
|5,907,017
|5.41
|-
|3
|Tertairy Sector
|51,512,119
|36.14
|39,549,816
|36.25
|-
|3.1
|Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants
|18,051,035
|12.66
|14,616,582
|13.40
|-
|3.11
|Trade & repair services
|18,051,035
|12.66
|14,616,582
|13.40
|-
|3.2
|Transport, storage, communication & services related to broadcasting
|6,505,778
|4.56
|5,082,266
|4.66
|-
|3.21
|Railways
|627,538
|0.44
|415,391
|0.38
|-
|3.22
|Services incidental to transport
|3,851,614
|2.70
|3,281,339
|3.01
|-
|3.26
|Storage
|79,223
|0.06
|52,051
|0.05
|-
|3.27
|Communication & services related to broadcasting
|1,947,403
|1.37
|1,333,485
|1.22
|-
|3.3
|Financial services
|7,646,745
|5.36
|6,273,832
|5.75
|-
|3.4
|Real estate, ownership of dwelling & professional services
|8,470,228
|5.94
|5,926,791
|5.43
|-
|3.5
|Public administration & defence
|5,010,315
|3.51
|3,617,774
|3.32
|-
|3.6
|Other services
|5,828,016
|4.09
|4,032,571
|3.70
|-
|
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |GVA at basic prices
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |142,542,503
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |109,108,163
|}

===Industrial===
One of India's most industrialized states, Gujarat maintains a variety of industries, the principal ones being general and [[electrical engineering]] and the manufacture of [[textiles]], [[vegetable oil]]s, chemicals, [[soda ash]], and cement. New industries include the production of [[fertilizer]]s and [[petrochemicals]]. Major resources produced by the state include cotton, peanuts, dates, sugarcane, and petrol. The state is rich in [[calcite]], [[gypsum]], [[manganese]], [[lignite]], [[bauxite]], limestone, agate, feldspar and quartz sand and successful mining of these minerals is done in their specified areas. Gujarat produces about 91% of India's required amount of soda ash and gives the country about 66% of its national requirement of salt. Chemical Industries in Gujarat count for more than 35% of Indian Chemicals production.

In recent years, Gujarat has gained a prominent place in India's automobile industry, with several automobile plants being set up in the state - [[Suzuki Motor Gujarat]] in Hansalpur near Ahmedabad, [[Tata Motors]] and [[Ford India]] in [[Sanand]], [[MG Motor]], [[Hero Motocorp]], [[JCB (company)|JCB]] in [[Halol]], [[Honda Motors and Scooters India]] in Vithalapur, etc.

It is one of India's most prosperous states, having a per-capita GDP significantly above India's average. Kalol Khambat and Ankleshwar are today known for their oil and natural gas production. Dhuvaran has a thermal power station, which uses coal, oil and gas. The Tarapur nuclear station in Maharashtra supplies the remaining power. Also on the [[Gulf of Khambat]], 50 kilometers southeast of Bhavnagar, is the Alang Ship Recycling Yard (the world's largest). General Motors produces the ‘Astra’ car at Halol near Vadodara. Jalalpur is a large town of Gujarat, where several small and large textile industrial units have been established. Surat, a city by the Gulf of Khambat, is a hub of the global diamond trade.

During the period 1960–1990, Gujarat established itself as a leader in various industrial sectors including textiles, engineering, chemicals, petrochemicals, drugs and pharmaceuticals, dairy, cement and ceramics, and gems and jewellery. The post-liberalization period saw Gujarat's state domestic product (SDP) rising at an average growth rate of 14% per annum in real terms (from 1994 to 2002).

Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Ankleshwar and Vapi are the hub of chemical industries in the state, having number of manufacturing units (private as well as state owned) manufacturing dyes, specialty chemicals, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, pigments, colors, etc. Rajkot city is the hub of engineering manufacturing and has many companies manufacturing auto components, auto engines, CNC machines, forging & casting parts, etc. The state operating companies like GNFC, GSPC, GSFC, GMDC are a few among flagship companies of the state.

===Agriculture===
Gujarat is the largest producer of major [[cash crop]] like [[cotton]], [[Peanut|groundnut]], [[tobacco]], [[cumin]], [[sesamum]], etc. in India. Other major crops produced are rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, maize, tur and gram. Gujarat has an agricultural economy the total crop area amounts to more than one-half of the total land area.

Animal husbandry and dairying have played a vital role in the [[rural economics|rural economy]] of Gujarat. Dairy farming, primarily concerned with milk production, functions on a cooperative basis and has more than a million members. Gujarat is the largest processor of milk in India. [[Amul]] milk co-operative federation products are well known all over India and is Asia's biggest dairy.<ref>{{cite web|author=Mitul Thakkar, TNN Sep 14, 2006, 12.53am IST |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1988793.cms |title=Amul to become world's largest liquid milk brand – Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2006-09-14 |access-date=2012-07-09}}</ref> Among livestock raised are buffalo and other cattle, sheep, and goats. As per the results of livestock census 1997, there were 209.70 lakh livestock in Gujarat state. As per the estimates of the survey of major livestock products, during the year 2002–03 the Gujarat produced 6.09 million tonnes of milk, 385 million eggs and 2.71 million kg of wool. Gujarat also contributes inputs to industries like textiles, oil and soap.

===Automobile===
After Tata Motors relocated the Nano manufacturing plant to Sanand, a small town near Ahmedabad, Gujarat has emerged as a car manufacturing hub.<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nano-project-led-to-gujarat-as-car-manufacturing-hub-ratan-tata/articleshow/56447300.cms |title=Nano project led to Gujarat as car manufacturing hub: Ratan Tata – Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2017-07-13 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> Major multinational automobile companies like Suzuki Motor, Ford India, Honda and Hero MotoCorp have plants in operation in Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ketan Thakkar|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/gujarat-set-to-become-the-detroit-of-india/articleshow/62844590.cms |title=Gujarat set to become the Detroit of India – Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2018-02-09 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> Gujarat also leads in upcoming hybrid and electric vehicle manufacturing facilities. Suzuki, in partnership with Denso and Toshiba, is building a lithium ion battery manufacturing facility at a cost of 1700 crore. Suzuki is planning to launch electric cars as well as electric bikes by 2020.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ketan Thakkar|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/not-just-cars-suzuki-to-bring-in-electric-bikes/articleshow/64863015.cms |title=Not just cars, Suzuki to bring in electric bikes – Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2018-07-05 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> The India-based JSW Group has signed an agreement to invest Rs 4000 crore to promote manufacturing electric vehicles in the state, which includes vehicle manufacturing, production of batteries, and storage solutions. MG Motors, a subsidiary of China's largest automobile company SAIC Motors, has bought General Motors' manufacturing facility in Halol, Gujarat, and is planning to start production by 2019. Tata Motors is also planning to produce electric cars from its Sanand plant.<ref>{{cite web|author=Maulik Pathak, Amrit Raj |url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/G6qpx6hENujIsXmszaK9GP/Gujarat-set-to-become-Indias-first-electric-vehicle-hub.html |title=Gujarat set to become India's first electric vehicle hub – Livemint |publisher=livemint.com |date=2017-09-28 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref>

===Pharmaceutical===
Gujarat is ranked number one in the [[pharmaceutical industry in India]], with a 33% share in drug manufacturing and 28% share in drug exports. The state has 130 USFDA certified drug manufacturing facilities. Ahmedabad and Vadodara are considered as pharmaceutical hubs as there are many big and small pharma companies established in these cities.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>

==State Government revenue and spending==

Article 246<ref name=coi/> of the [[Indian Constitution]], distributes legislative powers including taxation, between the [[Parliament of India]] and the [[Vidhan Sabha|State Legislature]].<ref name=coi>{{cite act| title =[[Constitution of India|THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA]]| type = Act| language =en| date =26 November 1949| article =| article-type = | page =| url =http://www.legislative.gov.in/constitution-of-india}}</ref>

The constitution does not have provision for the central government and the States to have concurrent power of taxation.<ref name="Distribution of">{{Citation|title=Distribution of Powers between Centre, States and Local Governments |url=http://www.hcicolombo.org/PDF/Presentation%20on%20Distribution%20of%20Powers.ppt |access-date=2009-04-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611181342/http://www.hcicolombo.org/PDF/Presentation%20on%20Distribution%20of%20Powers.ppt |archive-date=11 June 2007 }}</ref> The tables below lists the thirteen taxes to be levied by the Central government and nineteen taxes by States including Gujarat.<ref name="Distribution of" />

=== Central government of India ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! SL. No.
! Taxes as per [[Union List]]
|-
| 82
| '''[[Income tax in India|Income tax]]:''' Taxes on income other than agricultural income.
|-
| 83
| '''Custom Duty''': Duties of [[customs]] including [[export]] duties
|-
| 84
| '''Excise Duty''': Duties of [[excise]] on the following goods manufactured or produced in India namely (a)[[Petroleum|Petroleum crude]] (b)[[Diesel fuel|high speed diesel]] (c)[[Gasoline|motor spirit]] (commonly known as petrol) (d)[[natural gas]] (e) [[Jet fuel|aviation turbine fuel]] and (f)[[Tobacco]] and tobacco products
|-
| 85
| [[Corporation Tax]]
|-
| 86
| [[Property tax|Taxes on capital value of assets]], exclusive of agricultural land, of individuals and companies, taxes on capital of companies
|-
| 87
| [[Estate duty]] in respect of property other than agricultural land
|-
| 88
| [[Inheritance tax|Duties in respect of succession to property]] other than agricultural land
|-
| 89
| Terminal taxes on goods or passengers, carried by railway, sea or air; taxes on railway fares and freight.
|-
| 90
| Taxes other than stamp duties on transactions in stock exchanges and futures markets
|-
| 92A
| Taxes on sale or purchase of goods other than newspapers, where such sale or purchase takes place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce
|-
| 92B
| Taxes on the consignment of goods in the course of inter-State trade or commerce
|-
| 97
| All residuary types of taxes not listed in any of the three lists of Seventh Schedule of Indian Constitution
|}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mospi.nic.in/|title=Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation - Government Of India|website=mospi.nic.in|access-date=1 July 2017}}</ref>

=== State governments ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! SL. No.
! '''Taxes as per [[State List]]'''
|-
| 45
| Land revenue, including the assessment and collection of revenue, the maintenance of land records, survey for revenue purposes and records of rights, and alienation of revenues etc.
|-
| 46
| Taxes on agricultural income
|-
| 47
| Duties in respect of succession to agricultural land.
|-
| 48
| Estate Duty in respect of agricultural land
|-
| 49
| Taxes on lands and buildings.
|-
| 50
| Taxes on mineral rights.
|-
| 51
| Duties of excise for following goods manufactured or produced within the State (i) alcoholic liquors for human consumption, and (ii) opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs and narcotics.
|-
| 53
| '''Electricity Duty''':Taxes on the consumption or sale of [[electricity]]<ref name=dutyact1963>{{cite act| title =THE KERALA ELECTRICITY DUTY ACT, 1963| type = ACT 23 | language =en| date =1963| article =| article-type = | page =| url=http://ceikerala.gov.in/images/pdf/ActsRules/dutyact1963_a.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 54
| Taxes on sale of petroleum crude, high speed diesel, motor spirit (commonly known as petrol), Natural gas aviation turbine fuel and alcohol liquor for human consumption but not including sale in the course of inter state or commerce or sale in the source of international trade or commerce such goods.
|-
| 56
| Taxes on goods and passengers carried by roads or on inland waterways.
|-
| 57
| [[Road tax|Taxes on vehicles suitable for use on roads]].
|-
| 58
| Taxes on animals and boats.
|-
| 59
| [[Toll road|Tolls]].
|-
| 60
| [[Professional Tax|Taxes on profession, trades, callings and employments]].
|-
| 61
| [[Poll tax|Capitation taxes]].
|-
| 62
| Taxes on entertainment and amusements to be extent levied and collected by a panchayat or Municipality or a regional council or a district council.
|-
| 63
| [[Stamp duty]]
|}

===Goods and Services Tax ===
The tax came into effect from 1 July 2017 through the implementation of the [[One Hundred and First Amendment of the Constitution of India]] by the [[Indian government]]. The GST replaced existing multiple taxes levied by the [[Govt of India|central]] and [[States of India|state]] governments.
It an [[indirect tax]] (or [[consumption tax]]) used on the supply of goods and services. It is a comprehensive, multistage, destination-based tax: comprehensive because it has subsumed almost all the indirect taxes except a few state taxes. Multi-staged as it is, the GST is imposed at every step in the production process, but is meant to be refunded to all parties in the various stages of production other than the final consumer and as a destination-based tax, it is collected from point of consumption and not point of origin like previous taxes.

== Economy of regions ==
[[File:Administrative map of Gujarat.png|520px|thumb|right|Districts of Gujarat, 2013]]
{|
|- valign=top
|
* '''[[Central Gujarat]]'''
** [[Ahmedabad District|Ahmedabad]]
** [[Vadodara District|Vadodara]]
** [[Anand District|Anand]]
** [[Chhota Udaipur District|Chhota Udaipur]]
** [[Dahod District|Dahod]]
** [[Kheda District|Kheda]]
** [[Mahisagar District|Mahisagar]]
** [[Panchmahal District|Panchmahal]]
|
* '''[[North Gujarat]]'''
** [[Gandhinagar District|Gandhinagar]]
** [[Aravalli District|Aravalli]]
** [[Banaskantha District|Banaskantha]]
** [[Mehsana District|Mehsana]]
** [[Patan District|Patan]]
** [[Sabarkantha District|Sabarkantha]]
|
* '''[[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] - [[Kutch]]'''
** [[Rajkot District|Rajkot]]
** [[Amreli District|Amreli]]
** [[Bhavnagar District|Bhavnagar]]
** [[Botad District|Botad]]
** [[Devbhoomi Dwarka District|Devbhoomi Dwarka]]
** [[Gir Somnath District|Gir Somnath]]
** [[Jamnagar District|Jamnagar]]
** [[Junagadh District|Junagadh]]
** [[Morbi District|Morbi]]
** [[Porbandar District|Porbandar]]
** [[Surendranagar District|Surendranagar]]
** [[Kutch district|Kutch]]
|
* '''[[South Gujarat]]'''
** [[Surat District|Surat]]
** [[Bharuch District|Bharuch]]
** [[Dang District, India|Dang]]
** [[Narmada District|Narmada]]
** [[Navsari District|Navsari]]
** [[Tapi District|Tapi]]
** [[Valsad district|Valsad]]
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:85%;"
|-
! | Rank<ref>{{Cite web|title=District wise Statistics {{!}} NITI Aayog, (National Institution for Transforming India), Government of India|url=http://164.100.94.191/niti/best-practices/district-wise-statistics|access-date=2022-12-04|website=niti aayog}}</ref>
! | City Name
! | District
! | Population
! | GDP
! | GDP per capita
! | Literacy
|-
|1
|[[Ahmedabad]]
|[[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
|6,357,693
|$68 billion
|
|92.30 %
|-
|2
|[[Surat]]
|[[Surat district|Surat]]
|5,935,000
|
|
|
|-
|3
|[[Vadodara]]
|[[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
|2,065,771
|
|
|
|-
|4
|[[Rajkot]]
|[[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]
|1,390,640
|
|
|
|-
|5
|[[Bhavnagar]]
|[[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]
|605,882
|
|
|
|-
|6
|[[Jamnagar]]
|[[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]
|479,920
|
|
|
|-
|7
|[[Junagadh]]
|[[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]
|319,462
|
|
|
|-
|8
|[[Gandhinagar]]
|[[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]
|292,167
|
|
|
|-
|9
|[[Gandhidham]]
|[[Kutch district|Kutch]]
|248,705
|
|
|
|-
|10
|[[Nadiad]]
|[[Kheda district|Kheda]]
|225,071
|
|
|
|-
|11
|[[Morbi]]
|[[Morbi district|Morbi]]
|210,451
|
|
|
|-
|12
|[[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]
|[[Anand district|Anand]]
|209,410
|
|
|
|-
|13
|[[Mehsana]]
|[[Mehsana district|Mehsana]]
|190,753
|
|
|
|-
|14
|[[Surendranagar Dudhrej]]
|[[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]
|177,851
|
|
|
|-
|15
|[[Veraval]]
|[[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]]
|171,121
|
|
|
|-
|16
|[[Navsari]]
|[[Navsari district|Navsari]]
|171,109
|
|
|
|-
|17
|[[Bharuch]]
|[[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]
|169,007
|
|
|
|-
|18
|[[Vapi]]
|[[Valsad district|Valsad]]
|163,630
|
|
|
|-
|19
|[[Porbandar]]
|[[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]
|152,760
|
|
|
|-
|20
|[[Bhuj]]
|[[Kutch district|Kutch]]
|
|
|
|}

== Energy ==
Energy is an essential building block in the economic development of Gujarat . In an effort to meet the demands of rapid industrialization, the energy sector of Gujarat has undergone significant growth in past few years. Areas like resource exploration, capacity additions and sectoral reforms have been revolutionized. The energy sector can be categorized primarily in to Power, Oil & Gas respectively. The power sector includes generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. The power sector has grown considerably over the years and is able to support infrastructure development in the state. As far as oil & gas sector is concerned, the state has major contribution in areas of exploration & production, LNG terminal infrastructure, pipeline networks, refining, petro marketing and city gas distribution.

=== Electricity ===
Electricity generation for the state of Gujarat is handled by the [[Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited]]. The major distributors of electricity in Gujarat are [[UGVCL|Uttar Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.]], [[DGVCL|Dakshin Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.]], [[PGVCL|Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.]] and [[MGVCL|Madhya Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.]]. These institutions are subsidiaries of [[Guvnl]] with the transmission of electricity of handled by [[Gujarat Energy Transmission Corporation|Gujarat Energy Transmission Corporation Limited]].

=== Installed Capacity ===
The total installed capacity of Gujarat is 42208 [[MegaWatt]] (MW). Most of the electricity in Gujarat is generated through coal. Hydropower is the second largest means of producing electricity in the state. Gujarat also has significant installed capacities of Natural Gas, Renewables and Nuclear power plants. As of 2021-22, the share of electricity generated through coal stands at 16302 MW with a percentage share of 40 percent. The share of [[Hydropower]] is at 41 percentage with a capacity of 16588 MW. The contribution of [[Natural gas]] stands at 16 percent with a capacity of 6587 MW. The installed capacity of [[Renewable energy]] is 2 percent with a capacity of 772 MW. Finally, 559 MW is capacitated by [[Nuclear power|Nuclear Power]] having a share of 1 percentage.<ref name=":0">''Western Region Load Dispatch Centre Annual MIS Report 2021-22'', Western Region Load Dispatch Centre</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission 22nd Annual Report (English) |url=https://gercin.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/English-Annual-Report-2022.pdf |url-status=live |website=Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission |format=PDF}}</ref>

==== Renewable Energy ====
As of March 31, 2022 the installed capacity of Renewable Energy sources of Gujarat is 13578 MW. The installed capacity of Wind energy stands at 6662 MW, Solar energy has an installed capacity of 6717 MW and other Renewable sources stand at 199 MW.<ref name=":0" />

The locations of major solar parks in Gujarat have been mentioned in [[Solar power in Gujarat]] page.

=== Nuclear Energy ===
Currently, the state of Gujarat has an installed Nuclear Power capacity of 559 MW.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Power, Annual Report 2021-22 |url=https://powermin.gov.in/sites/default/files/uploads/MOP_Annual_Report_Eng_2021-22.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The only [[Nuclear power plant]] in Gujarat is the [[Kakrapar Atomic Power Station]].

The two existing units at the Kakrapar atomic power station feature [[Pressurized heavy-water reactor|pressurised heavy water reactors]] (PHWR) of 220MW capacity each. As of May 2020, unit one of the Kakrapar atomic power station generated 30,683 million units of electricity while unit two produced 32,442 million units<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakrapar Atomic Power Plant Expansion - NS Energy |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/kakrapar-atomic-power-plant-expansion/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Tourism==
{{main|Tourism in Gujarat}}
[[File:GujaratPhotoMontage.jpg|alt=|thumb|From top and L-R: [[Sabarmati Ashram]], [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] attire, [[Somnath Temple]], [[Rann of Kutch]], [[Dwarkadhish Temple]], ''[[Statue of Unity]]'', [[Laxmi Vilas Palace]] at [[Vadodara]].]]
India's first world heritage city, Ahemdabad, is in Gujarat. Gujarat is the sixth largest state in India, located in the western part of India, with a coastline of {{cvt|1600|km}} (the longest in India). It is one of the most popular states in the country, with an annual footfall of 19.81 million tourists in 2010–11.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/downloads/tourist_arrival_data_07062011.pdf |title=Statement Showing The Details of Tourist ?Visited Gujarat During The Year 2010-11 |publisher=Gujaratourism.com |access-date=2013-10-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925011656/http://www.gujarattourism.com/downloads/tourist_arrival_data_07062011.pdf |archive-date=2013-09-25 }}</ref> Gujarat offers scenic beauty from [[Great Rann of Kutch]] to the hills of [[Saputara]]. It is the world's sole home of pure [[Asiatic lion]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/vice-president-ansari-arrives-at-gir-wildlife-sanctuary/947997.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105212912/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/vice-president-ansari-arrives-at-gir-wildlife-sanctuary/947997.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-11-05 |title=Vice President Ansari arrives at Gir Wildlife Sanctuary, IBN Live News |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |access-date=2012-07-09}}</ref>

During the Sultanate reign, Hindu craftsmanship mixed with [[Islamic architecture]], giving rise to the [[Indo-Saracenic]] style. Many structures in the state are built in this fashion.

It is also the birthplace of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]], the great iconic figures of India's Independence movement.

[[Amitabh Bachchan]] is currently the brand ambassador of Gujarat Tourism. The ‘Khushboo Gujarat Ki' campaign by Amitabh Bachchan has grown tourism in Gujarat by 14 per cent, twice the national growth rate.<ref>{{cite web|author=Our Bureau |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/economy/article2735467.ece?homepage=true&ref=wl_home |title=Business Line : Industry & Economy / Economy : TAAI award for Gujarat Tourism |publisher=Thehindubusinessline.com |access-date=2012-07-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026035058/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/economy/article2735467.ece?homepage=true&ref=wl_home |archive-date=2012-10-26 }}</ref>

The ''[[Statue of Unity]]'' has emerged as a major tourist destination in Gujarat. It attracted average 15,036 visitors in the month of November, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statue of Unity gets more visitors daily than Statue of Liberty: SSNNL|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/statue-of-unity-attracts-more-daily-visitors-than-statue-of-liberty/article30189605.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620191157/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/statue-of-unity-attracts-more-daily-visitors-than-statue-of-liberty/article30189605.ece|archive-date=2020-06-20|access-date=2019-12-22|website=@businessline|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=December 7, 2019|title=With 15k visitors a day, Statue of Unity overtakes Statue of Liberty|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/with-15k-visitors-a-day-statue-of-unity-overtakes-statue-of-liberty/articleshow/72409183.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620191122/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/with-15k-visitors-a-day-statue-of-unity-overtakes-statue-of-liberty/articleshow/72409183.cms|archive-date=2020-06-20|access-date=2020-06-20|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=102802280254329066850.00045921eb0bb7f0dd2be Gujarat 2050 map showing major development areas]

{{Gujarat}}
{{Economy of India topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Economy Of Gujarat}}
[[Category:Economy of Gujarat| ]]

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Economy of Gujarat