Sahana (raga)

2022-05-28T09:55:21Z

157.49.248.148: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

{{Use British English|date=November 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Carnatic}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Sahana
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M1|P|M1|D2|N2|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|M1|R2|G3|R2|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}

'''Sahana''' (pronounced sahānā) is a popular [[raga]]m (musical scale) in [[Carnatic music]]. It is a [[janya]] rāgam (derived scale) associated with the 28th [[Melakarta]] rāgam [[Harikambhoji]].

The [[Hindustani music]] ragam ''Sahana'' is an upper-tetrachord-dominant Kanada-anga [[raga]], from the Kafi thaat, also allied with [[Bageshree]] and [[Bhimpalasi]]. The shuddha Dhaivat is an important rest note (nyaas swara).

==Structure and Lakshana==
It is a ''Ubhaya Vakra [[sampoorna raga]]m''. ''Vakra'' means crooked. ''Ubhaya Vakra'' means that the notes in both ascent and descent follow a zig zag pattern. The notes in ascending and descending scale do not follow a strict progression. Hence the note phrases contain such ''vakra'' phrases, lending a unique beauty to this rāgam. Though it is a ''sampoorna rāgam'' (contains all 7 notes), the ''vakra'' scale means it is not considered a ''melakarta'', as melakarta rāgams must have strictly ascending and descending scales. It is also classified as a ''rakti raga'' (raga with high melodic content).

Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see ''[[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|swaras in Carnatic music]]'' for details on below notation and terms):
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M1|P|M1|D2|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|M1|R2|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}

The notes used in this scale are ''Shadjam, Chathusruthi Rishabham, Antara Gandharam, Suddha Madhyamam, Panchamam, Chathusruthi Dhaivatham'' and ''Kaisiki Nishadham''.

Its characteristic phrases are (R2 G3 M1 P),(P M1 D2 N2), (N2 S D2), (G3 M1 R2). Sahana has a distinct mood due to these phrases and characteristic [[gamak]]ams and is rarely confused with other ragams.

Sahana has a close relationship to Malavi and to some extent [[Dwijawanthi/Jujavanti]]. While the use of [[Anthara Gaandharam]] in R2 G2 R2 makes it different from [[Dwijawanthi]], since Dwijawanthi uses [[Saadharana Gaandharam]], sahana has a closer relationship with Malavi which has an identical Vakra scale formation as Sahana.

==Select compositions==
There are a large number of popular songs composed in this rāgam in Carnatic Music as well as Tamil Film Music. Here are some Carnatic music compositions.

*''Raghupate rama rakshasa bhima'',''Ee Vasudha'',''Giripai nelakona'', ''dEhi tavapada bhaktim'', ''oorake kalguna'', ''Emana Dichevo'' and ''Vandanamu raghunandana'' composed by [[Thyagaraja]]
*''Rama ika nannu brovara'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
*''Manamu kavalannu'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
*''Sri kamalambikaya'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Inkevarunnaaru nannu" in Adi thalam by [[Annaswaami Sastri s/o Subbaraya Sastri]]
*''Saravana Bhava'' in Adi thalam by [[Thanjavur Sankara Iyer]]
*''Sri Vatapi Ganapathiye'' in Adi thalam by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''Kavave Kanyakumari'' by [[Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna]]
*''Karunimpa'', [[Varnam]] by [[Tiruvottiyur Tyaggaya]]
*''Chittam Irangada'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''Shanti Neelava Vendum'' by [[Sethumadhava Rao]]

== In television Series ==
* "Thamarapoovil Vazhum" by [[Berny–Ignatius]] (''[[Chandralekha (1997 film)|Chandralekha]]'' – Malayalam)
* "Chentharmizhi" by [[M. Jayachandran]] ([[Perumazhakkalam]] – Malayalam)
* "Nadha Nee Varumbol" by [[Alex Paul]] ([[Vasthavam]] – Malayalam)

===Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]]===

* "Indha Veenaiku Theriyadhu" by [[V.S. Narasimhan]] (Rail Sneham – TV Serial)
* "Aanmaavin Raagam" by [[Rajesh Vaidhya]] (Sahana – TV Serial)
* "Jeevan Neeye" by Renjith Unni (Anbendraale Amma – Music Video)

== Film Songs ==
=== Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Thamiyen Painthamizh
|[[Sivakavi]]
|[[Papanasam Sivan]]
|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
|Pathiniye Unpol Itharaimeethinil
|[[Kannagi (film)|Kannagi]]
|[[S. V. Venkataraman]]
|[[P. U. Chinnappa]]
|-
|Paarthen Sirithen
|[[Veera Abhimanyu]]
|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[P.B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Ennamellam
|[[Thirumanam]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Nee Engey En
|[[Mannippu]]
|rowspan="2"|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Engo pirandavaram
|[[Bommai (film)|Bommai]]
|[[S. Balachandar]]
|-
|Aadhi nathan ketkindran
|[[Ganga Gowri (1973 film)|Ganga Gowri]]
|[[M.S. Viswanathan]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[S. Janaki]]

|-
|Azhage Sugama (Dwijavanthi mixed)
|[[Parthale Paravasam]]
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|Rukku Rukku
|[[Avvai Shanmughi]]
|rowspan=2|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[Kamal Haasan]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
|-
|Indhu Maha Samudrame
(Ragamalika:Sahana, [[Desh (raga)|Desh]])
|[[Mannava (film)|Mannava]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Poothene
|[[Eera Nilam]]
|[[Sirpy]]
|[[Chinmayi]]
|}

=== Language:[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Chentharmizhi poonthen mozhi
|[[Perumazhakkalam]]
|[[M. Jayachandran]]
|[[Madhu Balakrishnan]], [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Sharada Kalyanasundaram]]
|-
|Ennodenthinu Pinakakm
|[[Kaliyattam]]
|[[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]]
|[[Bhavana Radhakrishnan]]
|}

=== Language: [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ===

{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|ఆకాశ పందిరిలో
|[[శ్రీ రాజేశ్వరీ విలాస్ కాఫీక్లబ్]]
|[[Pendyala]]
|[[P. Susheela|Susheela]]
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya}}

[[Category:Hindustani ragas|Shahana]]
[[Category:Janya ragas]]

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Sahana (raga)