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Ramachandra Deva I

2026-09-20T14:45:42Z

152.58.47.112: Better, corrected details as per sources

{{short description|Ruler of Odisha (r. 1568-1607)}}{{Distinguish|Ramachandra Deva}}{{Infobox royalty
| type = Emperor
| name = Gajapati Ramachandra Deva I
| succession = King of Utkala
| reign =1568–1607
| coronation =1568
| predecessor =[[Mukunda Deva]]
| successor = Purushottama Deva II
| full name =
| house = [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yaduvansh]]
| father = Danai Vidyadhar
| death_place = Khurda
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}
'''Gajapati Rāmachandra Deva I''' (1568–1607; popularly called '''Abhinava Indradyumna''') was the founder of the [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi dynasty of Khurda]] in [[Odisha]], India.<ref name="Das2010">{{cite book|author=Suryanarayan Das|title=Lord Jagannath|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gFn8wSDfSxEC&pg=PA54&dq=Ramachandradeva-I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjakfictO7wAhV9zDgGHeskA084ChDoATAIegQICBAD#v=onepage&q=Ramachandradeva-I&f=false|year=2010|publisher=Sanbun Publishers|isbn=978-93-80213-22-4|pages=54–}}</ref><ref name="Mahtab1959">{{cite book|author=Harekrushna Mahtab|title=The History of Orissa|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SD_3oESVSBYC&dq=gajapati+ramachandra+deva+i+%281568-1607%29+KHURDA+FAMILY|year=1959|publisher=Prajatantra Prachar Samity}}</ref><ref name="Mohanty2009">{{cite book|author=Jagannath Mohanty|title=Encyclopaedia of Education, Culture and Children's Literature: v. 3. Indian culture and education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3T2Ph_SmjtoC&pg=PA63|year=2009|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-8450-150-6|pages=63–}}</ref> He became the ruler of [[Utkal]] after the death of [[Mukunda Deva]] in 1568 by signing a treaty with the Mughal emperor [[Akbar]] and accepting his suzerainty.<ref>{{cite book|title=Rituals as Popular Culture: Towards Historico-anthropological Understanding of Modern Indian Society|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5jXAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+1568|year=1999|publisher=Institute of Oriental Culture}}</ref><ref name="Pradhan2000">{{cite book|author=Atul Chandra Pradhan|title=History, Culture, and Economy: Prof. Karuna Sagar Behera Felicitation Volume|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=OSBuAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramchandra|year=2000|publisher=Post-graduate Department of History (SAP), Utkal University|isbn=978-81-901303-0-1}}</ref> The [[Madala Panji]] chronicle associated him with [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yaduvamsa]] of [[Mahabharata]].<ref name="Panigrahi1981">{{cite book|author=[[Krishna Chandra Panigrahi]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0mkEAAAQBAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva&pg=PT185|title=History of Orissa: Hindu Period|publisher=|year=1981}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0B5uAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+yaduvamsa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVyabf2tfwAhUXH7cAHVaoDFsQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw|year=1982|publisher=Superintendent, Research and Museum, Orissa}}</ref> The Odia populace gave him the title of "Thākura Rājā" as a mark of respect for renovating the damaged [[Hindu temple]]s that were destroyed by the invasion of [[Kalapahad]].<ref name="Miśra1985">{{cite book|author=Nīḷamaṇi Miśra|title=Sālabega|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=BSwuAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva+I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0vdC-r-fwAhVM7XMBHaq4BiQ4KBDoATAJegQIChAD|year=1985|publisher=Rạshtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan}}</ref><ref name="Behera2002">{{cite book|author=Subhakanta Behera|title=Construction of an Identity Discourse: Oriya Literature and the Jagannath Cult (1866-1936)|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=hbVjAAAAMAAJ&dq=Ramachandra+deva+Thakura+Raja&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXstjQyu7wAhXHzDgGHTvsAHoQ6AEwBHoECAwQAw|year=2002|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|isbn=978-81-215-1041-7}}</ref> He was titled as ''Vira Sri Gajapati Viradhi Viravara Pratapi Ramachandra Deva''.<ref name="Nayak">{{cite book|author=Pabitra Mohan Nayak|title=Inscriptions of Orissa: With Special Reference to Subarnapur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m9MJ-4SGuNEC&pg=PA15|publisher=Readworthy|isbn=978-93-5018-108-9|pages=15–}}</ref>{{Not English inline}}

==Early life==
Ramachandra Deva and his family belonged to the [[Karan (caste)|Karana]] caste, [[Madala Panji]] associated his lineage with [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yaduvamsa]] of Mahabharata for legitimacy in the eyes of the Mughal general [[Man Singh I]].<ref name="History of Odisha">{{cite web
|author=Dr.Manas Kumar Das
|title=History of Odisha |url=https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-17.pdf |publisher=DDCE Utkal University|accessdate=2021-07-22|page=41}}</ref><ref name="Panigrahi1981" /> He was the son of Danai Vidyadhara/Vira Behara (a lieutenant and scribe from the Karana community under [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi]] king [[Govinda Vidyadhara]]).[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HQUeAAAAMAAJ&q=Ka%E1%B9%ADakar%C4%81java%E1%B9%83%C5%9B%C4%81vali%E1%B8%A5:+Text+and+translation&dq=Ka%E1%B9%ADakar%C4%81java%E1%B9%83%C5%9B%C4%81vali%E1%B8%A5:+Text+and+translation&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&redir_esc=y Kaṭakarājavaṃśāvaliḥ: Text and translation] He gained the kingdom of Utkala (North Kalinga) after the death of the [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya]] king, Mukunda Deva.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0B5uAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+yaduvamsa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVyabf2tfwAhUXH7cAHVaoDFsQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw|year=1982|publisher=Superintendent, Research and Museum, Orissa}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=J P Das|title=A Time Elsewhere|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXFyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT299|date=13 October 2018|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5305-340-6|pages=299–}}</ref><ref name="(India)1966">{{cite book|author=Orissa (India)|title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Puri|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0S9uAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra++Bidyadhar|year=1966|publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Francesco Brighenti|title=Śakti Cult in Orissa|publisher=D.K. Printworld|isbn=978-81-246-0179-2}}</ref><ref name="History Discussion - Discuss Anything About History 2015">{{cite web | title=History of Orissa: Top 14 Things to Know About the History of Orissa | website=History Discussion - Discuss Anything About History | date=2015-08-25 | url=https://www.historydiscussion.net/history-of-orissa/history-of-orissa-top-14-things-to-know-about-the-history-of-orissa/5831 | access-date=2021-05-20}}</ref> [[Firishta|Ferishta]] mentioned him as "a Prince of great fame and Power".<ref>{{cite book|title=Crafts and Commerce in Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybX1-CqEXPkC&pg=PA179|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=179–|id=GGKEY:4EYA3F6QHL9}}</ref> As [[Kharavela]] was the morning star when the forward march of the Odias began, Ramachandra Deva was the midnight star; he came to the throne when complete darkness engulfed the people towards the end of the century.<ref name="Sahu1964">{{cite book|author=N. K. Sahu|title=History of Orissa from the Earliest Time Up to 500 A.D.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=a8MBAAAAMAAJ&dq=Ramachandra+Deva+mornind+star+Kharavela&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRvp_5ze7wAhUslEsFHRfbBTkQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw|year=1964|publisher=Utkal University}}</ref>

==Administration==
Due to the sustained invasion of Afghans over Orissa, Ramachandra Deva accepted the [[suzerainty]] of [[Akbar]] and defeated them with Mughal support. The Mughals took control over Utkala and Ramachandra Deva continued as a subordinate king. In the settlement of 1592, Ramachandra Deva was granted the principality of Khurda by the Mughal emperor. His territory was called Qila Khurda, alienated from the Khalisa and its domain extended from the river [[Mahanadi]] to [[Ganjam]]. The 31 subordinate Zamindars in his control including all the later tributary Mahalas of [[Cuttack]] and south of the river Mahanadi and seven principal Zamindars, which were not styled or titled Rajas. These important chiefs were the [[Zamindar|zamindars]] of [[Keonjhar]], [[Mayurbhanj]], Bishnupur, Fatehbad, Narayangarh, Karrangarh and Nag or Bagbhum.<ref name="SadangiMohapatra2017">{{cite book|author1=Chandan Kumar Sadangi|author2=Sanjay Mohapatra|title=Change Management for Organizations: Lessons from Political Upheaval in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csqODgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|date=3 April 2017|publisher=Emerald Group Publishing|isbn=978-1-78714-119-3|pages=13–}}</ref>

==Activities==
The invasion of [[Kalapahad]] brought an immense loss of wealth that was stored in various ancient temples of the region. The reconstruction of these temples was promptly taken up by Ramachandra Deva.<ref>{{cite book|title=Crafts and Commerce in Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybX1-CqEXPkC&pg=PA22|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=22–|id=GGKEY:4EYA3F6QHL9}}</ref> He was able to present himself as the successor to the culture and tradition of the former Gajapati kings. He renovated the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] in Puri and reinstalled the idols of the trinity by droving out the muslim forces from the city in 1575 A.D.<ref name="KimuraTanabe2006">{{cite book|author1=Masaaki Kimura|author2=Akio Tanabe|title=The State in India: Past and Present|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=aUtuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Ramachandra+Deva+bhoi|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-567277-0}}</ref> He continued the [[Ratha Yatra|Gundicha Yatra]], eight years after the installation of the deities, which was discontinued after the destruction caused by Kalapahad.

For his remarkable work, the king was popularly known as the ''Second Indradymna'' or ''Abhinava Indradyumna'', which is an honorable comparison to the legendary founder of the temple, Maharaja [[Indradyumna]].<ref name="Dash">{{cite book|author=Trilochan Dash|title=Story of Lord Sri Jagannatha in Srimandira at Sri Purusottam Kshetra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hd0rnGa72PsC&pg=PA263|publisher=Trilochan Dash|pages=263–|id=GGKEY:Y2TR84PZ0DD}}</ref><ref name="Mahapatra1993">{{cite book|author=Sitakant Mahapatra|title=Beyond the Word: The Multiple Gestures of Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpweSxFyXSQC&pg=PA191|year=1993|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-1108-9|pages=191–}}</ref> He established sixteen villages of [[Brahmin]]s by giving endowments of land and established some forts in the [[Pipili]] area - Bhuinmul, Sahajpal, Kharagarh and Kahnan, which are identified with the present Bhuinmulgarh, Sahajpani, Aragarh and Garh Kurki respectively.<ref name="Dāsa2005">{{cite book|author=Jagannātha Prasāda Dāsa|title=Puri Paintings: The Chitrakara and His Work|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RvzVAAAAMAAJ&dq=gajapati+ramachandra+deva&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieydbS7OnwAhVM3jgGHT1YA0k4ggEQ6AEwBXoECAEQAw|year=2005|publisher=Prafulla|isbn=978-81-901589-7-8}}</ref><ref name="Pattanayak2007">{{cite book|author=Amiya Kumar Pattanayak|title=History with a Difference: Reflections on the Works of Jagannath Patnaik|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uI4MAQAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva+Khurda&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiepNO4y-fwAhVg73MBHdK2DGA4HhDoATAFegQIAxAD|year=2007|publisher=Indian Publishers' Distributors|isbn=978-81-7341-451-0}}</ref>

==Amusement==
The rulers like Kapilendra Deva, Purushottama Deva, Prataparudra Deva of Suryavansha dynasty and Ramachandra Deva of Bhoi dynasty patronised art and music in Orissa. During his reign classical music, dance and other forms of art reached an apex.<ref name="Sahu1997">{{cite book|author=Bhagabana Sahu|title=Cultural History of Orissa, 1435-1751|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=sTduAAAAMAAJ&dq=gajapati+ramachandra+deva+Kapilendra|year=1997|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=978-81-7488-654-5}}</ref> In his reign, the young boys were dressed as girls and performed under the guide of Odissi, called the [[Gotipua|''Gotipua Nrutya'']]. [[Devadasi]]s were originally intended for temple service only but during the time of Ramachandra Deva they were engaged in providing entertainment to the royal court.<ref name="Patnaik2006">{{cite book|author=Sujata Patnaik|title=Folk Legend Bhagaban Sahu|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=R9yBAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva+I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXjZSetefwAhW1oekKHRfpC8E4UBDoATAFegQIBxAD|year=2006|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|isbn=978-81-230-1342-8}}</ref><ref name="Institute2005">{{cite book|author=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|title=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=m29jAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva+I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXjZSetefwAhW1oekKHRfpC8E4UBDoATAEegQIBRAD|year=2005|publisher=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Bisara Mohanty]]
*[[Indradyumna]]
*[[Nabakalebara]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:History of Odisha]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Odisha]]

Ramachandra Deva I

2026-09-20T14:41:17Z

152.58.47.112:

{{short description|Ruler of Odisha (r. 1568-1607)}}{{Distinguish|Ramachandra Deva}}{{Infobox royalty
| type = Emperor
| name = Gajapati Ramachandra Deva I
| succession = King of Utkala
| reign =1568–1607
| coronation =1568
| predecessor =[[Mukunda Deva]]
| successor = Purushottama Deva II
| full name =
| house = [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yaduvansh]]
| father = Danai Vidyadhar
| death_place = Khurda
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}
'''Gajapati Rāmachandra Deva I''' (1568–1607; popularly called '''Abhinava Indradyumna''') was the founder of the [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi dynasty of Khurda]] in [[Odisha]], India.<ref name="Das2010">{{cite book|author=Suryanarayan Das|title=Lord Jagannath|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gFn8wSDfSxEC&pg=PA54&dq=Ramachandradeva-I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjakfictO7wAhV9zDgGHeskA084ChDoATAIegQICBAD#v=onepage&q=Ramachandradeva-I&f=false|year=2010|publisher=Sanbun Publishers|isbn=978-93-80213-22-4|pages=54–}}</ref><ref name="Mahtab1959">{{cite book|author=Harekrushna Mahtab|title=The History of Orissa|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SD_3oESVSBYC&dq=gajapati+ramachandra+deva+i+%281568-1607%29+KHURDA+FAMILY|year=1959|publisher=Prajatantra Prachar Samity}}</ref><ref name="Mohanty2009">{{cite book|author=Jagannath Mohanty|title=Encyclopaedia of Education, Culture and Children's Literature: v. 3. Indian culture and education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3T2Ph_SmjtoC&pg=PA63|year=2009|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-8450-150-6|pages=63–}}</ref> He became the ruler of [[Utkal]] after defeating [[Mukunda Deva]] in 1568.<ref>{{cite book|title=Rituals as Popular Culture: Towards Historico-anthropological Understanding of Modern Indian Society|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5jXAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+1568|year=1999|publisher=Institute of Oriental Culture}}</ref><ref name="Pradhan2000">{{cite book|author=Atul Chandra Pradhan|title=History, Culture, and Economy: Prof. Karuna Sagar Behera Felicitation Volume|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=OSBuAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramchandra|year=2000|publisher=Post-graduate Department of History (SAP), Utkal University|isbn=978-81-901303-0-1}}</ref> The [[Madala Panji]] chronicle associated him with [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yaduvamsa]] of [[Mahabharata]].<ref name="Panigrahi1981">{{cite book|author=[[Krishna Chandra Panigrahi]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0mkEAAAQBAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva&pg=PT185|title=History of Orissa: Hindu Period|publisher=|year=1981}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0B5uAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+yaduvamsa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVyabf2tfwAhUXH7cAHVaoDFsQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw|year=1982|publisher=Superintendent, Research and Museum, Orissa}}</ref> The Odia populace gave him the title of "Thākura Rājā" as a mark of respect for renovating the damaged [[Hindu temple]]s that were destroyed by the invasion of [[Kalapahad]].<ref name="Miśra1985">{{cite book|author=Nīḷamaṇi Miśra|title=Sālabega|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=BSwuAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva+I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0vdC-r-fwAhVM7XMBHaq4BiQ4KBDoATAJegQIChAD|year=1985|publisher=Rạshtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan}}</ref><ref name="Behera2002">{{cite book|author=Subhakanta Behera|title=Construction of an Identity Discourse: Oriya Literature and the Jagannath Cult (1866-1936)|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=hbVjAAAAMAAJ&dq=Ramachandra+deva+Thakura+Raja&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXstjQyu7wAhXHzDgGHTvsAHoQ6AEwBHoECAwQAw|year=2002|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|isbn=978-81-215-1041-7}}</ref> He was titled as ''Vira Sri Gajapati Viradhi Viravara Pratapi Ramachandra Deva''.<ref name="Nayak">{{cite book|author=Pabitra Mohan Nayak|title=Inscriptions of Orissa: With Special Reference to Subarnapur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m9MJ-4SGuNEC&pg=PA15|publisher=Readworthy|isbn=978-93-5018-108-9|pages=15–}}</ref>{{Not English inline}}

==Early life==
Ramachandra Deva and his family belonged to the [[Karan (caste)|Karana]] caste, [[Madala Panji]] associated his lineage with [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yaduvamsa]] of Mahabharata for legitimacy in the eyes of the Mughal general [[Man Singh I]].<ref name="History of Odisha">{{cite web
|author=Dr.Manas Kumar Das
|title=History of Odisha |url=https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-17.pdf |publisher=DDCE Utkal University|accessdate=2021-07-22|page=41}}</ref><ref name="Panigrahi1981" /> He was the son of Danai Vidyadhara/Vira Behara (a lieutenant and scribe from the Karana community under [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi]] king [[Govinda Vidyadhara]]).[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HQUeAAAAMAAJ&q=Ka%E1%B9%ADakar%C4%81java%E1%B9%83%C5%9B%C4%81vali%E1%B8%A5:+Text+and+translation&dq=Ka%E1%B9%ADakar%C4%81java%E1%B9%83%C5%9B%C4%81vali%E1%B8%A5:+Text+and+translation&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&redir_esc=y Kaṭakarājavaṃśāvaliḥ: Text and translation] He gained the kingdom of Utkala (North Kalinga) after the death of the [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya]] king, Mukunda Deva.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0B5uAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+yaduvamsa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVyabf2tfwAhUXH7cAHVaoDFsQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw|year=1982|publisher=Superintendent, Research and Museum, Orissa}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=J P Das|title=A Time Elsewhere|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXFyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT299|date=13 October 2018|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5305-340-6|pages=299–}}</ref><ref name="(India)1966">{{cite book|author=Orissa (India)|title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Puri|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0S9uAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra++Bidyadhar|year=1966|publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Francesco Brighenti|title=Śakti Cult in Orissa|publisher=D.K. Printworld|isbn=978-81-246-0179-2}}</ref><ref name="History Discussion - Discuss Anything About History 2015">{{cite web | title=History of Orissa: Top 14 Things to Know About the History of Orissa | website=History Discussion - Discuss Anything About History | date=2015-08-25 | url=https://www.historydiscussion.net/history-of-orissa/history-of-orissa-top-14-things-to-know-about-the-history-of-orissa/5831 | access-date=2021-05-20}}</ref> [[Firishta|Ferishta]] mentioned him as "a Prince of great fame and Power".<ref>{{cite book|title=Crafts and Commerce in Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybX1-CqEXPkC&pg=PA179|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=179–|id=GGKEY:4EYA3F6QHL9}}</ref> As [[Kharavela]] was the morning star when the forward march of the Odias began, Ramachandra Deva was the midnight star; he came to the throne when complete darkness engulfed the people towards the end of the century.<ref name="Sahu1964">{{cite book|author=N. K. Sahu|title=History of Orissa from the Earliest Time Up to 500 A.D.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=a8MBAAAAMAAJ&dq=Ramachandra+Deva+mornind+star+Kharavela&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRvp_5ze7wAhUslEsFHRfbBTkQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw|year=1964|publisher=Utkal University}}</ref>

==Administration==
Due to the sustained invasion of Afghans over Orissa, Ramachandra Deva accepted the [[suzerainty]] of [[Akbar]] and defeated them with Mughal support. The Mughals took control over Utkala and Ramachandra Deva continued as a subordinate king. In the settlement of 1592, Ramachandra Deva was granted the principality of Khurda by the Mughal emperor. His territory was called Qila Khurda, alienated from the Khalisa and its domain extended from the river [[Mahanadi]] to [[Ganjam]]. The 31 subordinate Zamindars in his control including all the later tributary Mahalas of [[Cuttack]] and south of the river Mahanadi and seven principal Zamindars, which were not styled or titled Rajas. These important chiefs were the [[Zamindar|zamindars]] of [[Keonjhar]], [[Mayurbhanj]], Bishnupur, Fatehbad, Narayangarh, Karrangarh and Nag or Bagbhum.<ref name="SadangiMohapatra2017">{{cite book|author1=Chandan Kumar Sadangi|author2=Sanjay Mohapatra|title=Change Management for Organizations: Lessons from Political Upheaval in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csqODgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|date=3 April 2017|publisher=Emerald Group Publishing|isbn=978-1-78714-119-3|pages=13–}}</ref>

==Activities==
The invasion of [[Kalapahad]] brought an immense loss of wealth that was stored in various ancient temples of the region. The reconstruction of these temples was promptly taken up by Ramachandra Deva.<ref>{{cite book|title=Crafts and Commerce in Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybX1-CqEXPkC&pg=PA22|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=22–|id=GGKEY:4EYA3F6QHL9}}</ref> He was able to present himself as the successor to the culture and tradition of the former Gajapati kings. He renovated the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] in Puri and reinstalled the idols of the trinity by droving out the muslim forces from the city in 1575 A.D.<ref name="KimuraTanabe2006">{{cite book|author1=Masaaki Kimura|author2=Akio Tanabe|title=The State in India: Past and Present|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=aUtuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Ramachandra+Deva+bhoi|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-567277-0}}</ref> He continued the [[Ratha Yatra|Gundicha Yatra]], eight years after the installation of the deities, which was discontinued after the destruction caused by Kalapahad.

For his remarkable work, the king was popularly known as the ''Second Indradymna'' or ''Abhinava Indradyumna'', which is an honorable comparison to the legendary founder of the temple, Maharaja [[Indradyumna]].<ref name="Dash">{{cite book|author=Trilochan Dash|title=Story of Lord Sri Jagannatha in Srimandira at Sri Purusottam Kshetra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hd0rnGa72PsC&pg=PA263|publisher=Trilochan Dash|pages=263–|id=GGKEY:Y2TR84PZ0DD}}</ref><ref name="Mahapatra1993">{{cite book|author=Sitakant Mahapatra|title=Beyond the Word: The Multiple Gestures of Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpweSxFyXSQC&pg=PA191|year=1993|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-1108-9|pages=191–}}</ref> He established sixteen villages of [[Brahmin]]s by giving endowments of land and established some forts in the [[Pipili]] area - Bhuinmul, Sahajpal, Kharagarh and Kahnan, which are identified with the present Bhuinmulgarh, Sahajpani, Aragarh and Garh Kurki respectively.<ref name="Dāsa2005">{{cite book|author=Jagannātha Prasāda Dāsa|title=Puri Paintings: The Chitrakara and His Work|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RvzVAAAAMAAJ&dq=gajapati+ramachandra+deva&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieydbS7OnwAhVM3jgGHT1YA0k4ggEQ6AEwBXoECAEQAw|year=2005|publisher=Prafulla|isbn=978-81-901589-7-8}}</ref><ref name="Pattanayak2007">{{cite book|author=Amiya Kumar Pattanayak|title=History with a Difference: Reflections on the Works of Jagannath Patnaik|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uI4MAQAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva+Khurda&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiepNO4y-fwAhVg73MBHdK2DGA4HhDoATAFegQIAxAD|year=2007|publisher=Indian Publishers' Distributors|isbn=978-81-7341-451-0}}</ref>

==Amusement==
The rulers like Kapilendra Deva, Purushottama Deva, Prataparudra Deva of Suryavansha dynasty and Ramachandra Deva of Bhoi dynasty patronised art and music in Orissa. During his reign classical music, dance and other forms of art reached an apex.<ref name="Sahu1997">{{cite book|author=Bhagabana Sahu|title=Cultural History of Orissa, 1435-1751|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=sTduAAAAMAAJ&dq=gajapati+ramachandra+deva+Kapilendra|year=1997|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=978-81-7488-654-5}}</ref> In his reign, the young boys were dressed as girls and performed under the guide of Odissi, called the [[Gotipua|''Gotipua Nrutya'']]. [[Devadasi]]s were originally intended for temple service only but during the time of Ramachandra Deva they were engaged in providing entertainment to the royal court.<ref name="Patnaik2006">{{cite book|author=Sujata Patnaik|title=Folk Legend Bhagaban Sahu|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=R9yBAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva+I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXjZSetefwAhW1oekKHRfpC8E4UBDoATAFegQIBxAD|year=2006|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|isbn=978-81-230-1342-8}}</ref><ref name="Institute2005">{{cite book|author=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|title=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=m29jAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva+I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXjZSetefwAhW1oekKHRfpC8E4UBDoATAEegQIBRAD|year=2005|publisher=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Bisara Mohanty]]
*[[Indradyumna]]
*[[Nabakalebara]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:History of Odisha]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Odisha]]

Ramachandra Deva I

2026-09-20T14:40:37Z

152.58.47.112: Corrected

{{short description|Ruler of Odisha (r. 1568-1607)}}{{Distinguish|Ramachandra Deva}}{{Infobox royalty
| type = Emperor
| name = Gajapati Ramachandra Deva I
| succession = King of Utkala
| reign =1568–1607
| coronation =1568
| predecessor =[[Mukunda Deva]]
| successor = Purushottama Deva II
| full name =
| house = [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yaduvansh]]
| father = Danai Vidyadhar
| death_place = Khurda
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}
'''Gajapati Rāmachandra Deva I''' (1568–1607; popularly called '''Abhinava Indradyumna''') was the founder of the [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi dynasty of Khurda]] in [[Odisha]], India.<ref name="Das2010">{{cite book|author=Suryanarayan Das|title=Lord Jagannath|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gFn8wSDfSxEC&pg=PA54&dq=Ramachandradeva-I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjakfictO7wAhV9zDgGHeskA084ChDoATAIegQICBAD#v=onepage&q=Ramachandradeva-I&f=false|year=2010|publisher=Sanbun Publishers|isbn=978-93-80213-22-4|pages=54–}}</ref><ref name="Mahtab1959">{{cite book|author=Harekrushna Mahtab|title=The History of Orissa|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SD_3oESVSBYC&dq=gajapati+ramachandra+deva+i+%281568-1607%29+KHURDA+FAMILY|year=1959|publisher=Prajatantra Prachar Samity}}</ref><ref name="Mohanty2009">{{cite book|author=Jagannath Mohanty|title=Encyclopaedia of Education, Culture and Children's Literature: v. 3. Indian culture and education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3T2Ph_SmjtoC&pg=PA63|year=2009|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-8450-150-6|pages=63–}}</ref> He became the ruler of [[Utkal]] after defeating [[Mukunda Deva]] in 1568.<ref>{{cite book|title=Rituals as Popular Culture: Towards Historico-anthropological Understanding of Modern Indian Society|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5jXAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+1568|year=1999|publisher=Institute of Oriental Culture}}</ref><ref name="Pradhan2000">{{cite book|author=Atul Chandra Pradhan|title=History, Culture, and Economy: Prof. Karuna Sagar Behera Felicitation Volume|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=OSBuAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramchandra|year=2000|publisher=Post-graduate Department of History (SAP), Utkal University|isbn=978-81-901303-0-1}}</ref> The [[Madala Panji]] chronicle associated him with [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yaduvamsa]] of [[Mahabharata]].<ref name="Panigrahi1981">{{cite book|author=[[Krishna Chandra Panigrahi]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0mkEAAAQBAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva&pg=PT185|title=History of Orissa: Hindu Period|publisher=|year=1981}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0B5uAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+yaduvamsa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVyabf2tfwAhUXH7cAHVaoDFsQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw|year=1982|publisher=Superintendent, Research and Museum, Orissa}}</ref> The Odia populace gave him the title of "Thākura Rājā" as a mark of respect for renovating the damaged [[Hindu temple]]s that were destroyed by the invasion of [[Kalapahad]].<ref name="Miśra1985">{{cite book|author=Nīḷamaṇi Miśra|title=Sālabega|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=BSwuAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva+I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0vdC-r-fwAhVM7XMBHaq4BiQ4KBDoATAJegQIChAD|year=1985|publisher=Rạshtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan}}</ref><ref name="Behera2002">{{cite book|author=Subhakanta Behera|title=Construction of an Identity Discourse: Oriya Literature and the Jagannath Cult (1866-1936)|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=hbVjAAAAMAAJ&dq=Ramachandra+deva+Thakura+Raja&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXstjQyu7wAhXHzDgGHTvsAHoQ6AEwBHoECAwQAw|year=2002|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|isbn=978-81-215-1041-7}}</ref> He was titled as ''Vira Sri Gajapati Viradhi Viravara Pratapi Ramachandra Deva''.<ref name="Nayak">{{cite book|author=Pabitra Mohan Nayak|title=Inscriptions of Orissa: With Special Reference to Subarnapur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m9MJ-4SGuNEC&pg=PA15|publisher=Readworthy|isbn=978-93-5018-108-9|pages=15–}}</ref>{{Not English inline}}

==Early life==
Ramachandra Deva and his family belonged to the [[Karan (caste)|Karana]] caste, [[Madala Panji]] associated his lineage with [[Yadu (legendary king)|Yaduvamsa]] of Mahabharata for legitimacy in the eyes of the Mughal general [[Man Singh I]].<ref name="History of Odisha">{{cite web
|author=Dr.Manas Kumar Das
|title=History of Odisha |url=https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-17.pdf |publisher=DDCE Utkal University|accessdate=2021-07-22|page=41}}</ref><ref name="Panigrahi1981" /> He was the son of Danai Vidyadhara/Vira Behara (a lieutenant and scribe from the Karana community under [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi]] king [[Govinda Vidyadhara]]).[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HQUeAAAAMAAJ&q=Ka%E1%B9%ADakar%C4%81java%E1%B9%83%C5%9B%C4%81vali%E1%B8%A5:+Text+and+translation&dq=Ka%E1%B9%ADakar%C4%81java%E1%B9%83%C5%9B%C4%81vali%E1%B8%A5:+Text+and+translation&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&redir_esc=y Kaṭakarājavaṃśāvaliḥ: Text and translation] He gained the kingdom of Utkala (North Kalinga) after the death of the[[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya]] king, Mukunda Deva.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0B5uAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+yaduvamsa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVyabf2tfwAhUXH7cAHVaoDFsQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw|year=1982|publisher=Superintendent, Research and Museum, Orissa}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=J P Das|title=A Time Elsewhere|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXFyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT299|date=13 October 2018|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5305-340-6|pages=299–}}</ref><ref name="(India)1966">{{cite book|author=Orissa (India)|title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Puri|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0S9uAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra++Bidyadhar|year=1966|publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Francesco Brighenti|title=Śakti Cult in Orissa|publisher=D.K. Printworld|isbn=978-81-246-0179-2}}</ref><ref name="History Discussion - Discuss Anything About History 2015">{{cite web | title=History of Orissa: Top 14 Things to Know About the History of Orissa | website=History Discussion - Discuss Anything About History | date=2015-08-25 | url=https://www.historydiscussion.net/history-of-orissa/history-of-orissa-top-14-things-to-know-about-the-history-of-orissa/5831 | access-date=2021-05-20}}</ref> [[Firishta|Ferishta]] mentioned him as "a Prince of great fame and Power".<ref>{{cite book|title=Crafts and Commerce in Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybX1-CqEXPkC&pg=PA179|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=179–|id=GGKEY:4EYA3F6QHL9}}</ref> As [[Kharavela]] was the morning star when the forward march of the Odias began, Ramachandra Deva was the midnight star; he came to the throne when complete darkness engulfed the people towards the end of the century.<ref name="Sahu1964">{{cite book|author=N. K. Sahu|title=History of Orissa from the Earliest Time Up to 500 A.D.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=a8MBAAAAMAAJ&dq=Ramachandra+Deva+mornind+star+Kharavela&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRvp_5ze7wAhUslEsFHRfbBTkQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw|year=1964|publisher=Utkal University}}</ref>

==Administration==
Due to the sustained invasion of Afghans over Orissa, Ramachandra Deva accepted the [[suzerainty]] of [[Akbar]] and defeated them with Mughal support. The Mughals took control over Utkala and Ramachandra Deva continued as a subordinate king. In the settlement of 1592, Ramachandra Deva was granted the principality of Khurda by the Mughal emperor. His territory was called Qila Khurda, alienated from the Khalisa and its domain extended from the river [[Mahanadi]] to [[Ganjam]]. The 31 subordinate Zamindars in his control including all the later tributary Mahalas of [[Cuttack]] and south of the river Mahanadi and seven principal Zamindars, which were not styled or titled Rajas. These important chiefs were the [[Zamindar|zamindars]] of [[Keonjhar]], [[Mayurbhanj]], Bishnupur, Fatehbad, Narayangarh, Karrangarh and Nag or Bagbhum.<ref name="SadangiMohapatra2017">{{cite book|author1=Chandan Kumar Sadangi|author2=Sanjay Mohapatra|title=Change Management for Organizations: Lessons from Political Upheaval in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csqODgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|date=3 April 2017|publisher=Emerald Group Publishing|isbn=978-1-78714-119-3|pages=13–}}</ref>

==Activities==
The invasion of [[Kalapahad]] brought an immense loss of wealth that was stored in various ancient temples of the region. The reconstruction of these temples was promptly taken up by Ramachandra Deva.<ref>{{cite book|title=Crafts and Commerce in Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybX1-CqEXPkC&pg=PA22|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=22–|id=GGKEY:4EYA3F6QHL9}}</ref> He was able to present himself as the successor to the culture and tradition of the former Gajapati kings. He renovated the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] in Puri and reinstalled the idols of the trinity by droving out the muslim forces from the city in 1575 A.D.<ref name="KimuraTanabe2006">{{cite book|author1=Masaaki Kimura|author2=Akio Tanabe|title=The State in India: Past and Present|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=aUtuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Ramachandra+Deva+bhoi|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-567277-0}}</ref> He continued the [[Ratha Yatra|Gundicha Yatra]], eight years after the installation of the deities, which was discontinued after the destruction caused by Kalapahad.

For his remarkable work, the king was popularly known as the ''Second Indradymna'' or ''Abhinava Indradyumna'', which is an honorable comparison to the legendary founder of the temple, Maharaja [[Indradyumna]].<ref name="Dash">{{cite book|author=Trilochan Dash|title=Story of Lord Sri Jagannatha in Srimandira at Sri Purusottam Kshetra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hd0rnGa72PsC&pg=PA263|publisher=Trilochan Dash|pages=263–|id=GGKEY:Y2TR84PZ0DD}}</ref><ref name="Mahapatra1993">{{cite book|author=Sitakant Mahapatra|title=Beyond the Word: The Multiple Gestures of Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpweSxFyXSQC&pg=PA191|year=1993|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-1108-9|pages=191–}}</ref> He established sixteen villages of [[Brahmin]]s by giving endowments of land and established some forts in the [[Pipili]] area - Bhuinmul, Sahajpal, Kharagarh and Kahnan, which are identified with the present Bhuinmulgarh, Sahajpani, Aragarh and Garh Kurki respectively.<ref name="Dāsa2005">{{cite book|author=Jagannātha Prasāda Dāsa|title=Puri Paintings: The Chitrakara and His Work|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RvzVAAAAMAAJ&dq=gajapati+ramachandra+deva&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieydbS7OnwAhVM3jgGHT1YA0k4ggEQ6AEwBXoECAEQAw|year=2005|publisher=Prafulla|isbn=978-81-901589-7-8}}</ref><ref name="Pattanayak2007">{{cite book|author=Amiya Kumar Pattanayak|title=History with a Difference: Reflections on the Works of Jagannath Patnaik|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uI4MAQAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva+Khurda&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiepNO4y-fwAhVg73MBHdK2DGA4HhDoATAFegQIAxAD|year=2007|publisher=Indian Publishers' Distributors|isbn=978-81-7341-451-0}}</ref>

==Amusement==
The rulers like Kapilendra Deva, Purushottama Deva, Prataparudra Deva of Suryavansha dynasty and Ramachandra Deva of Bhoi dynasty patronised art and music in Orissa. During his reign classical music, dance and other forms of art reached an apex.<ref name="Sahu1997">{{cite book|author=Bhagabana Sahu|title=Cultural History of Orissa, 1435-1751|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=sTduAAAAMAAJ&dq=gajapati+ramachandra+deva+Kapilendra|year=1997|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=978-81-7488-654-5}}</ref> In his reign, the young boys were dressed as girls and performed under the guide of Odissi, called the [[Gotipua|''Gotipua Nrutya'']]. [[Devadasi]]s were originally intended for temple service only but during the time of Ramachandra Deva they were engaged in providing entertainment to the royal court.<ref name="Patnaik2006">{{cite book|author=Sujata Patnaik|title=Folk Legend Bhagaban Sahu|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=R9yBAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva+I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXjZSetefwAhW1oekKHRfpC8E4UBDoATAFegQIBxAD|year=2006|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|isbn=978-81-230-1342-8}}</ref><ref name="Institute2005">{{cite book|author=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|title=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=m29jAAAAMAAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva+I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXjZSetefwAhW1oekKHRfpC8E4UBDoATAEegQIBRAD|year=2005|publisher=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Bisara Mohanty]]
*[[Indradyumna]]
*[[Nabakalebara]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:History of Odisha]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Odisha]]