Constitution of India

2021-04-19T09:22:18Z

14.139.95.35:

[[File:THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PART 2.pdf|thumb]]
The '''Constitution of India''' is the supreme law in [[India]] . A [[Constitution]] is a set of rules and regulations guiding the administration of a country. The constitution of India is the framework for political principles, procedures and powers of the government. It is also the longest constitution in the world with 395 articles and 12 schedules. Originally it consisted of 395 Articles arranged under 22 Parts and 8 Schedules. Today after many amendments, it has 447 Articles and 12 schedules and 25 parts ( According to 2019). The constitution was written on 26 November 1949, and was made the center of law on 26 January 1950.

India had to face many problems after [[independence]]. Rehabilitating the refugees who migrated from [[Pakistan]], merging the [[princely state]]s, maintenance of law and order were the major challenges. Sardar Patel successfully achieved the merger of the [[princely state]]s and provinces with the Union of [[India]]. Even the challenge of framing a constitution in order to enable govern the country was also fulfilled.

The recommendations of the Motilal Nehru Committee and the decisions taken by the meeting of National Congress at [[Karachi]] prepared for the formation of a Constituent Assembly.
[[File:The Constitution of India (2nd Amendment) Act 1953.pdf|thumb]]
The first meeting of the new Constituent Assembly was conducted on 9th of December, 1946. The next meeting conducted in 11th of December, 1946 under the chairmanship of Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Participants included [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar(Dr. Bhim Rao Ambekar)and Sarojini Naidu. Dr. B.R Ambedkar, chairman of the Drafting Committee, is often called the father of the Indian Constitution.<ref>{{cite news|title=Do we really respect Dr Ambedkar or is it mere lip service?|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/standpoint-do-we-really-respect-dr-ambedkar-or-is-it-mere-lip-service-2040352|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630125606/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/standpoint-do-we-really-respect-dr-ambedkar-or-is-it-mere-lip-service-2040352|archivedate=30 June 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The 389 members of the Constituent Assembly formed many committees to examine in detail all the issues relating to the country. Dr.B.R.Ambedkar was the Chairman of one of the most important committees, i.e., the Drafting Committee. Other members of the committee were N.Gopalaswamy Iyengar, Alladi Krishnaswamy etc.

The Constituent Assembly, which came into existence on 11th of December 1946, had 145 meetings and framed a draft constitution. During these discussions, the various laws proposed by the British Government in 1909, 1919 and 1935, the [[British Parliament]]ary system, the [[American Bill of Rights]], the Social Directive Policies of Ireland were studied and some parts of those were written in the Constitution. Finally, the Indian Constitution was approved on 26th of November, 1949 and came into effect on 26th of January, 1950. This day (January 26) is celebrated as the 'Republic Day' in India.

== Structure ==

Below is a list of all articles in chronological order of the constitution.

* '''Preamble'''
* '''[[:wikisource:Constitution of India/Part I|Part I]]''' – [[States and territories of India|Union and its Territory]]
* '''[[:wikisource:Constitution of India/Part II|Part II]]''' – [[Indian nationality law|Citizenship]].
* '''[[:wikisource:Constitution of India/Part III|Part III]]''' – [[Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India#Fundamental Rights|Fundamental Rights]].
* '''[[:wikisource:Constitution of India/Part IV|Part IV]]''' – [[Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India#Directive Principles of State Policy|Directive Principles of State Policy]].
* '''Part IVA''' - [[Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India#Fundamental Duties|Fundamental Duties]].
* '''[[:wikisource:Constitution of India/Part V|Part V]]''' – The Union.
* '''[[:wikisource:Constitution of India/Part VI|Part VI]]''' – The States.
* '''[[:wikisource:Constitution of India/Part VII|Part VII]]''' – States in the B part of the First schedule''(Repealed)''.
* '''[[:wikisource:Constitution of India/Part VIII|Part VIII]]''' – The Union Territories
* '''[[:wikisource:Constitution of India/Part IX|Part IX]]''' – The Panchayats.
* '''Part IXA''' - The Municipalities.
* '''Part X''' – The scheduled and Tribal Areas
* '''Part XI''' – Relations between the Union and the States.
* '''Part XII''' – Finance, [[Property]], Contracts and Suits
* '''Part XIII''' – Trade and Commerce within the territory of India
* '''Part XIV''' – Services Under the Union, the States.
* ''' Part XIVA''' - Tribunals.
* '''Part XV''' – Elections
* '''Part XVI''' – Special Provisions Relating to certain Classes.
* '''Part XVII''' – Languages
* '''Part XVIII''' – Emergency Provisions
* '''Part XIX''' – Miscellaneous
* '''Part XX''' – Amendment of the Constitution
* '''Part XXI''' – Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions
* '''Part XXII''' – Short title, date of commencement, Authoritative text in [[Hindi]] and Repeals.

==Related pages==
*[[Constitution]]
*[[Constitutionalism]]

==References==
*[https://storytimeaz.com/salient-features-of-indian-constitution/ Salient Features of the Indian Constitution]
*[https://www.yoopery.com/2019/11/salient-features-of-indian-constitution.html Features of the Indian Constitution]
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==Other websites==
*[https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India Indian Constitution at Wikisource]

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[[Category:Government of India]]
[[Category:Constitutions|India]]
[[Category:1950]]
[[Category:1950s in India]]
[[Category:B. R. Ambedkar]]

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Constitution of India