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Karauli State

2021-08-15T07:47:56Z

122.161.245.180: /* History */The other sources doesn't mention such a thing. This look like conjecture rather than fact

{{short description|Indian princley state (1348 - 1949)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = करौली रियासत
|conventional_long_name =Karauli State
|common_name =Karauli
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start = 1348
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1949
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Partition of India|Indian independence]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = Matsya Union
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Flag of Karauli.svg
|image_coat = Karauli State CoA.png
|image_map = Alwar-karauli map.jpg
|image_map_caption = Karauli State in the [[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]
|stat_area1 = 3216
|stat_year1 = 1931
|stat_pop1 = 140,525
|footnotes =
|today = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
}}
[[File:Timangarh.jpg|thumb|275px|View of [[Timan Garh]] Fort in former Karauli State. Its foundations are said to have been built in the 2 century AD.]]
'''Karauli State'''<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_032.gif ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', v. 15, p. 26.]</ref> was a [[princely state]] in India from 1348 to 1949. It is located in the [[Braj]] region. Karauli city was the capital while [[Mandrayal]] or Mandrail was another important town.

==Geography==
The state had an area of {{convert|3,178|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. In 1901, the population of the state was 156,786, and that of the town was 23,482. [[Millet]]s, the staple food of the people,<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Karauli |volume=15 |page=677}}</ref> was the main agricultural produce. As of the early 20th century, there were no major industries; a little weaving, dyeing, wood-turning, and stone cutting constituted the notable cottage industries.<ref name=EB1911/> Most goods, as also salt, sugar, cotton, buffaloes, and bullocks, were imported; rice and goats comprised the main exports.<ref name=EB1911/>

==History==
The Maharaja of Karauli is considered as the head of the Jadaun clan of [[Rajput]]s and claim to be descendants of [[Krishna]]. The Jadauns once ruled the kingdom of Braj which included [[Alwar]], [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]], [[Karauli]] and [[Dholpur]]. In 1196 Kunwar Pal lost all of his territories to the invading [[Ghurid Dynasty|Ghurids]]. One of the scions called Arjun Pal was able to recover some of his ancestral lands and founded the town of [[Karauli]]. The Jadauns remained independent for a century until their lands were once again captured by Mahmud I of [[Malwa]]. The Jadauns remained insignificant until they gained patronage under the [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Akbar]], the Jadaun ruler Gopaldas was made the Maharaja of Karauli and was made the commander of 2000, he also played an important role in the foundation of [[Agra fort]] on the orders of the Mughal emperor.<ref>https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_032.gif</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tCc-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA133&redir_esc=y An ethnographical hand-book for the N.-W. provinces and Oudh By William Crooke]</ref>

==Alliance with the British==
Karauli was the first state to conclude the treaty with the [[British Raj|British]] on the 9th November, 1817. The Maharaja of Karauli, Harbaksh Pal Deo, had accepted a 'protectorate' treaty through his agent at [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Meena |last=Gaur |title=Sati and Social Reforms in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0CmCAAAAMAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Publication Scheme, 1989 |isbn=9788185263571 |page=23 |quote=Karauli was the first state to conclude the treaty with the British on the 9th November, 1817. The Maharaja of Karauli, Harbaksh Pal Deo, had accepted a 'protectorate' treaty through his agent at Delhi.}}</ref>

In 1857, at the time of [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|the great mutiny]], Madan Pal lent a hearty support to the [[British Empire|English]], and gave shelter and protection to many of their distressed fugitives, who were all securely harboured in the State, or placed in safe retreats beyond the vengeance of their blood-thirsty pursuers. He sent a detachment of 800, followed by reinforcement of 1500. These troops proved themselves bold and trustworthy soldiers, and drove the rebels from that part of the town where the palace was situated, and of which they were able to retain possession for two months, till the arrival of the British troops.

Madan Pal for his loyalty was made Grand Commander of the Order of Star of India.<ref>{{cite book|first=D. D. |last=Gaur |title=Constitutional Development of Eastern Rajputana States |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uVAFAAAAMAAJ |year=1978 |publisher=Usha Publishing House, 1978 |page=18 }}</ref>

The salute of honour, to which the Chiefs of Karauli were entitled, was also enhanced from 15 to 17 in appreciation of the loyal services of Raja Madan Pal, who was also decorated with a rich dress of honour.<ref>{{cite book|first=Markand Nandshankar |last=Mehta |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India, Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKBEAQAAMAAJ |year=1985 |publisher=Usha, 1985 |pages=332-334 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Sawai Madhopur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z3wbAAAAIAAJ |year=1981 |publisher=Printed at Government Central Press, 1981 |page=40-42 }}</ref>

After India's independence in 1947, the state under Maharaja Ganesh Pal Deo acceded to the [[Dominion of India]] on 7 April 1949; Karauli later merged with the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] and became part of the state of [[Rajasthan]].

===Rulers===
The rulers of the state bore the title '[[Maharaja|'''Maharaja''']]'.<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India]</ref>

====Maharajas====
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2017}}
*1691 – 1734: Kanwar Pal II
*1734 – 1757: Gopal Singh (d. 1757)
*1757 – 24 Oct 1772: Tarsam Pal (d. 1772)
*1772 – 1804: Manak Pal (d. 1804)
*1804 – 1805: Amola Pal (d. 1805)
*1805 – 1837: Herbaksh Pal (b. {{circa}} 1792 – d. 1837)
*1837 – 1849: Pratap Pal (d. 1849)
*1849 – 10 Jul 1852:Narsingh Pal (d. 1852)
*4 Sep 1852 – 14 Mar 1854: Bharat Pal
*14 Mar 1854 – 16 Aug 1869: Madan Pal (d. 1869) (from 12 Feb 1866, Sir Madan Pal)
*1869: Lakshman Pal
*1869 – 17 Nov 1875: Jaisingh Pal (d. 1875)
*1869 – 1871: Vrishbhan Singh Tanwar – Regent
*Jan 1876 – 14 Aug 1886: Arjun Pal II (d. 1886)
*14 Aug 1886 – 3 Aug 1927: Bhanwar Pal (b. 1864 – d. 1927) (from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Bhanwar Pal)
* 3 Aug 1927 – 6 Apr 1947: Bhom Pal (b. 1866 – d. 1947) (from 1 Jan 1935, Sir Bhom Pal)
* 6 Apr 1940 – 15 Aug 1947: Ganesh Pal (b. 1906 – d. 1984)

==See also==
*[[Political integration of India]]
*[[Rajputana Agency]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.japhila.cz/hof/0128/index0128a.htm Revenue Stamps of the Princely State of Karauli] Exhibit by Jiří Černý

{{Princely states of India}}

{{coord|26.3|N|77.23|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Karauli district|*]]
[[Category:Rajputana Agency]]
[[Category:Rajputs]]
[[Category:1348 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:14th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:1949 disestablishments in India]]

Majhauli Raj

2021-08-15T06:52:21Z

122.161.245.180: /* History */No such word mentioned here

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Majhauli Raj
| native_name = मझौली राज
| native_name_lang = bho
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.296801|N|83.957176|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Deoria district|Deoria]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 17200
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Local
| demographics1_info2 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 274506<ref>http://www.indiapost.gov.in/netscape/pinsearch1.asp</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 05566
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Majhauli Raj''' is a town and a [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Deoria district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

The temple of Baba Dirgheswar Nath, a deity of [[Shiva]] is nearby. It is believed to have been found and worshipped by Ashwathama, a character in the epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'' As Well This Village/City is Quite Famous For Khanquah Asadi Muradiya Known as Baba Bhola Shah's Dargaah which is located near of Choti Gandak Nadi.

==History==
Majhauli Raj was the seat of an eponymous [[Rajput]] feudal estate known as the Majhauli raj, which is said to have been founded around 1100 to 1300 CE. King Vishwa Sen (Estimated Around 1000 to 1200 BCE ), one of the sole king of [[Malla (Ancient India)|Malla]] Desh or Malla Bhumi or Malla Rastra (Later known as Malla Mahajanpada), had ruled prior to Mahajanpad Era from Kushinagar as capital of eastern Koshala. Later one of descendant of King Vishwa Sen (i.e.most probably 86th generation) King Bhim Malla went to conquer the [[pargana]] of [[Salempur, Uttar Pradesh]] and Majhauli, where he founded a fort and established the Majhauli Raj around 1100 to 1300 CE.<ref name="Mall 1887 All">{{Cite book|last=Mall|first=Lal Khadka Bahadur|title=Vishen Vans Vatika|year=1887|location=Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India|pages=All}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mall|first=M.N|title=Vishen Vans Darpan|year=2005|location=Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh,India|pages=All}}</ref> One branch of this dynasty comes from one poet /or sage/or brahmin named Mayyur who had come from [[Varanasi|Kashi]] to Kushinara had children with four wives: One [[Brahmin]], one Malla princess (name may be Suryaprabha), one [[Brahmin]], as well as one [[Kurmi]]. His son from his [[Bhumihar]] wife named King Bir Sen (Estimated 600 BCE ) founder of [[Baghochia]] Dynasty and his descendants stablished Bans Gaon Estate (Dileepnagar Estate), Hathwa Raj and Tamkuhi Taj and started Bhumihar branch from him and adopt maternal side title (Malla) and gotra (vats), One son from his Malla princess name King Vishwasen founder of [[Vishwasen Rajput]] dynasty and his descendant (probably 86th generation) King Bhim Dev stablished Majhuli Raj, One son from his Brahmin wife went on to become the ancestor of the [[Misra Brahmin]]s; and the son from his Kurmi went on to found the Kakradih estate.<ref name="Limited Raj">{{cite book |last1=Yang |first1=Anand A. |title=The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920 |date=1989 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley and Los Angeles |isbn=0-520-05711-2 |pages=55, 58–59, 63–66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ck4jmD7H34UC |access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref>

As the kings of Majhauli Raj were descendants of King Vishwasen of Malla Mahajanpad, they stills put this name as a surname i.e. Vishen/Bisen short form of Vishwasen in their names. They are [[Solar dynasty|Suryavanshi]] Rajput and claim to be sons of God [[Lakshmana|Laxmana]] from his one of the sons Chandraketu (had got title 'Malla' for being extraordinary wrestler or fighter of that time) who was ruler of Malla Rastra or Malla Mahajanpada in ancient India. Later many kings who were of Majhauli Kingdom established many estates of names [[Mankapur|Manakpur]] (Estate), [[Bhadri (estate)|Bhadri]] (Estate), [[Raja Awadhesh Singh|Kalakankar]] (Estate) and many more in north India.<ref name="Mall 1887 All"/><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mall|first=M.N|title=Vishen Vans Darpan|year=2005|location=Gorakhpur,Uttar Pradesh, India|pages=All}}</ref>

In 1774, the raja of Majhauli, Ajit Mal, openly refused to pay revenue to the [[amil]] (collector) in [[Gorakhpur]], crossing over into [[Bihar]] whenever the officials attempted to collect payment. He also gave refuge to the Kurmis of [[Pachlakh]], who were openly in arms against the [[British East India Company]]. In 1777, Ajit Mal also refused to pay revenues to the British for his lands in Bihar. The British, already beleaguered by the ongoing rebellion of [[Fateh Sahi]] of the Huseypur (Hathwa) raj, were initially unwilling to go after Ajit Mal: while they charged Fateh Sahi "guilty of the atrocious crime of premeditated murder and rebellion", they held Ajit Mal guilty of "no offence". When the authorities in Gorakhpur in [[Oudh State]] asked for assistance in pursuing Ajit Mal, the British refused. However, when the Gorakhpur authorities offered to join the fight against Fateh Sahi if the British helped them capture Ajit Mal, the British quickly agreed. They were, however, unsuccessful in both measures.<ref name="Limited Raj"/>

==Administration==
The town has 13 wards. Local self-government is at the level of [[Nagar Panchayat]] and every five years, people elect their representatives for their wards. The [[tehsil]]-level administration is located at [[Salempur, Uttar Pradesh|Salempur]]. It has its district headquarters at [[Deoria, Uttar Pradesh|Deoria]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}2. Reference taken from Books Vishen Vans Vatika by Late Khadaka Bahadur Malla, Vishen Vans Darpan (both not available in web),Genealogy of Malla kings of Majhauli Raj provided by present Royal Family of Majhauli etc.{{Deoria district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Deoria district]]