Nuh (city)

2021-07-28T22:51:09Z

117.241.140.114: /* Schools */

{{About|the city in India|others|Nuh district|Construction = |the Islamic prophet|Islamic view of Noah}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nuh
| native_name = नूँह
| native_name_lang = Hindi and some local languages
| other_name = Mewat
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|28.12|N|77.02|E|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nuh district|Nuh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[BJP]]
| governing_body = Government of Haryana
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 199
| population_total = 10,767
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Mewati
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]], [[Mewati]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = HR-27
| website = {{URL|haryana.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| footnotes = http://www.mewat.gov.in
| leader_title = M.L.A
| leader_party = [[Chaudhary Aftab Ahmed]], [[Indian National Congress]]
| Constituency = [[Gurgaon]]
| Member of parliament = [[Rao Inderjit Singh]]
| Leader's Name = [[Ch. Aftab Ahmed]]
}}
'''Nuh''' is the district capital of the [[Nuh district]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Gurgaon is now ‘Gurugram’, Mewat renamed Nuh: Haryana government|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gurgaon-gurugram-rename-mewat-nuh-haryana-government/|accessdate=12 April 2016|work=The Indian Express|date=12 April 2016}}</ref> in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]]. It lies on the National Highway 248 (NH 48), also known as the [[Gurgaon]]-[[Sohna]]-[[Alwar]] highway, about {{convert|45|km}} from [[Gurgaon]].

== History ==
{{Unreferenced-section|date=March 2021}}
According to [[Mahabharata]] (900 BCE), the area was gifted by the eldest [[Pandava]] king [[Yudhishthira]] to their teacher [[Dronacharya]]. The city passed from the hands of the [[Maurya empire]] to invaders such as [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] and [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]], and later [[Yaudheya]], after they expelled the Kushanas from the area between [[Yamuna]] and [[Satluj]]. Yodheyas were then subjugated by King [[Rudradaman I]] of [[Indo-Scythians]] and later by the [[Gupta Empire]] and then by the [[Hunas]]. The area was later ruled by [[Harsha]] (590 - 467 CE), [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] (mid 7th century CE to 11th century). [[Tomara dynasty|The Tomara dynasty]], who founded Dhillika in 736 CE, were earlier tributaries of Partiharas, overthrew Partiharas. In 1156 CE, it was conquered by king ''Visaladeva Chauhan'' of the [[Chauhan#Dynasties|Chauhan Dynasty]]. After the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192 CE, the area came under [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]] (1206 CE) of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] who defeated and killed Prithviraj's son Hemraj, who had invaded [[Mewat]] from [[Alwar]]. The [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meo]], who were all Hindus at that point, killed Sayyid Wajih-ud-din who was sent to subjugate Meos, but they were later suppressed by Miran Hussain Jang, the nephew of Aibak, and the Meo who remained Hindus were forced to pay Islamic religious tax to [[Jizya]]. Others were forced to convert to Islam. In 1249 CE, [[Balban]] (Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate) killed 2,000 rebellious Meos. Meo rebels took away a large number of camels of Balban's army in 1257-58 CE. In 1260 CE, Balban retaliated by overrunning the area, killing 250 Meo prisoners, and slaughtering 12,000 women, children, and surviving men.

=== Khanzada Rajput Era ===
{{Unreferenced-section|date=March 2021}}
At the time of the invasion of [[Timur]] in 1398 CE, Bahadur Nahar, formerly known as Sonpar Pal, of the [[Hindu]] Jadu [[gotra|clan]] was the prominent king of the area, who constructed the Kotla Bahadur Nahar fort near Kotla lake at Kotla village of Nuh. Sonpar Pal converted to Islam in 1355 and was given a new name of [[Raja Nahar Khan]] (not to be confused with Jat king [[Nahar Singh]]) by Sultan [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]]. He became the founder of [[Khanzada Rajputs]]. After the fall of [[Tughlaq]] dynasty in 1398, Nahar Khan reconciled with [[Timur]]. In 1420, during the era of Nahar Khan's grandson, [[Khanzada Feroz Khan]], Mewat was attacked by Sultan [[Khizr Khan]] of Delhi [[Sayyid dynasty]]. The Mewati army fortified themselves for one year in [[Nuh district|Kotla Fort]], after which the Delhi army retreated. In 1425, great-grandsons of Bahadur Nahar named [[Khanzada Jalal Khan]] and Khanzada Abdul Qadir Khan (Jallu and Qaddu) revolted against Dehli Sultanate but were defeated by Delhi Sultan [[Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Mubarak Shah]] ( 1421– 1434 CE) who overran Mewat and killed Qaddu. Jallu continued the native Mewati rebellion against the Delhi sultanate, in 1427, the Mewati army fortified themselves for one year in the hills of Tijara, after which the Delhi army retreated. In 1527, [[Hasan Khan Mewati]], a descendant of Raja Nahar Khan, sided with the Rajput king [[Rana Sanga]] and they were defeated by [[Babur]] at [[Battle of Khanwa]] where Hassan Khan Mewati was killed by the Mughals and his son Naher Khan II ruled Mewat as a vassal of the Mughals.

=== Mughal Era ===
[[Aurangzeb]] sent [[Jai Singh I]] to crush the revolting Khanzada chief Ikram Khan, [[Jagirdar|jagir]] of [[Tijara]] a descendant of Raja Nahar Khan (through his son [[Malik Alaudin Khan]]). After the death of Aurangzeb, [[Bahadurgarh]] and [[Farrukhnagar]] in the north were under the Baloch [[nawabs|nawab]] who were granted jagir in 1713 CE by Mughal king [[Farrukhsiyar]]; the central area of Badshapur was under Hindu Badgurjar king Hathi Singh and the south including Nuh were under the great [[Jat people|Jat]] king of [[Bharatpur State]], [[Suraj Mal|Maharaja Suraj Mal]]. During the [[Maratha Empire]] the area was conquered by French generals in late 18th century and they granted Farukhnagar to [[George Thomas (soldier)|George Thomas]] and Jharsa (Badshahpur) to Begum Sumro; the south area including Nuh remained under the Bharatpur [[Jat]] Kings and their vassal relatives, one of whom was [[Nahar Singh]].<ref name=revh1>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Gurgaon_1983/Chapter_I.pdf Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1983] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319114602/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Gurgaon_1983/Chapter_I.pdf |date=19 March 2015 }}, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in Haryana Revenue Department], Chapter II, pp.35-45.</ref><ref name=revh2>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gurgaon_1910/History.pdf Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1910"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009000200/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gurgaon_1910/History.pdf |date=9 October 2016 }}, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in Haryana Revenue Department], Section B, pp.19-24.</ref><ref name=revh3>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Gurgaon_1883_84/History.pdf Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1883-84"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428025541/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Gurgaon_1883_84/History.pdf |date=28 April 2015 }}, [http://revenueharyana.gov.in Haryana Revenue Department], Chapter II, pp.19-25.</ref>

== Geography ==
Nuh is located at {{Coord|28.12|N|77.02|E|}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/10/Nuh.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Nuh |access-date=3 July 2006 |archive-date=1 May 2013 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GHpPtLhT?url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/10/Nuh.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It has an average elevation of 199 metres (652 feet).

It is 70 km from [[New Delhi]]. It is located in the far southwest area of Haryana.

== Climate ==
The climate in Nuh is varied. The low temperature can reach 0 degrees Celsius, while the high temperature can go up to 45 degrees Celsius. {{Citation needed|date=April 2020}}

== Demographics ==
As of the 2001 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Nuh had a population of 11,038. Males constitute 45% of the population and females 47%. Nuh has an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63%, and female literacy is 44%. In Nuh, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.

== Visitor attractions and monuments ==
The town assumed importance at the time of Bahadur Singh of [[Ghasera]] because of the trade in [[salt]] manufactured in neighbouring villages. To the west of the town is a masonry tank of red sandstone featuring a [[chhatri]] adorned with floral designs. The tomb of Sheikh Musa combines [[Muslim]] and [[Rajput]] forms of architecture and is about {{convert|2.5|km}} from the town.

In 2018, five monuments were noted as state-protected monuments, including Ghasera fort, Chuhi Mal Ka Taalab, Old tehsil building in Nuh, Kotla mosque, and a group of monuments at Meoli.<ref name="tribuneindia1">[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/5-nuh-monuments-get-state-protection/609233.html 5 Nuh monuments get state protection], The Tribune, 23 June 2018.</ref> Various ancient monuments of historical importance are scattered in this region, including:

=== Ghasera Fort ===
{{main|Ghasera Fort}}
The ruined [[Ghasera Fort]], a state protected monument,<ref name=notif1>[https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/haryana-to-take-5-monuments-in-nuh-under-state-protection.html Haryana to take 5 monuments in Nuh under State protection], Daily Pioneer, 23 June 2018.</ref> lies at [[Ghasera]] village {{convert|14|km}} from Nuh city on Nun-[[Sohna]] road.<ref name=GM1>[https://www.google.com.sg/maps/dir/Nuh,+Haryana,+India/Ghasera,+Haryana,+India/@28.1283159,77.0016595,7996m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x390d327e1628981b:0xfc53a1a03027f28e!2m2!1d76.9931074!2d28.1023894!1m5!1m1!1s0x390d2c3a56ac93bd:0xee9d4217ade18afe!2m2!1d77.0765927!2d28.1362471 Nuh to Ghasera route map and distance]</ref> that was ruled by Bahadur Singh [[Bargujar]], a [[Rajput]] chief of 11 villages, he was killed in 1753 by the famous [[Jat people|Jat]] king [[Surajmal]] of [[Bharatpur State]] after Jats besieged and ran over the Ghasera fort, after which Jats turned to [[Delhi]] by defeating [[Mughal Empire|Mughal king]] [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] and occupied the [[Red Fort]] there in 1754 CE.<ref name=Jat1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaJats.htm |title=Jat Kingdom of Bharatput |access-date=18 April 2016 |archive-date=6 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506113544/https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaJats.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Har-rev-2>{{Cite web |url=http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gurgaon_1910/History.pdf |title=Haryana Revenue Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1910, Section B - History |access-date=18 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009000200/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gurgaon_1910/History.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Nalhshwar Mahadev temple and Pandava Reservoir ===
The Nalhar Pandava Reservoir and Nalhshwar Mahadev Temple (Nalhar Shiv temple) are located {{convert|2|km}} from Nuh city within the U-shaped Nalhar valley surrounded by several picturesque peaks near Nalhar village in the foothills of Nalhar hills of [[Aravalli range]]. It can be reached by the Nalhar road from Nuh city through a large ceremonial Hindu religious gate short distance from the temple. There is also a natural reservoir at base of [[Neolamarckia cadamba|Kadamb]] tree higher up in the Nalhar hill, which can be reached by climbing 250 paved and iron stairsteps behind the Nalhar Shiva Temple. According to the popular [[oral tradition]], [[Pandava]]s stayed here, prayed to the lord [[Shiva]] and drank water from this reservoir during a visit in their 14 years long exile. [[Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College]] is located nearby.<ref name="nalheshwar1">[https://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090414/harplus.htm#8 Centre f reverence amidst aravali], The Trbune 13 April 2009.</ref><ref name="CE1">[http://climber-explorer.blogspot.sg/2015/07/a-natural-resrvoir-in-nalhar-nuh.html Climber Explorer - A natural reservoir in Nalhar Nuh]</ref> View from the top of Nalhar hill is the best.

Swami Gyan Giri found the temple in ruins. He restored it with the help of the local villagers and installed a natural [[lingam]] here which has the images of [[Aum]], [[Shiva]], [[Ganesha]], [[Ganges]], [[Upanayana|Janau]] and [[Nāga|Naga]]. The temple is now managed by the Shri Shiv Rudra Jan Kalyan Sanstha headquartered in Mojowal near [[Bhakra Dam|Nangal Dam]]. A large fair and [[Prasāda|bhandara]] (langar) is held on [[Maha Shivaratri]].<ref name=nalheshwar1/>

=== Kotla Fort, Kotla mosque and tomb of Bahadur Khan Nahar ===
The [[Kotla Fort]] and Tomb of [[Raja Nahar Khan]] in the Kotla Mosque are {{convert|6.5|km}} from Nuh city in the Kotla village. Square-shaped Kotla mosque (dating back to 1392-1400 CE) on a plinth, with grey [[quartzite]] tomb and red carved [[sandstone]] [[jali]]s has inscription on the ruined gateway, was notified as a state protected monument in June 2018.<ref name=notif1/><ref name="HR-Nuh1">[http://haryanajudiciary.gov.in/?trs=nuh Haryana Govt - Nuh District]</ref>

=== {{anchor | Kotla Lake | Dahar Lake | Khalilpur Lake | Chandaini Lake | Sangil-Ujina Lake}} Nuh System of Lakes ===
{{see | Forests Department, Haryana#Leopards | l1= Leopards of Haryana}}

Nuh System of Lakes, a collection of several lakes lying in each other's vicinity, includes the permanent swamp of [[Khalilpur lake]] {{convert|1500|acre}} in size which gets flooded during rains, lies north-west of Nuh around Khalilpur and Indari villages on [[Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway]], permanent swamp with standing water of [[Chandaini lake]] {{convert|1500|acre}} in size which lies {{convert|10|km|mi}} west of Khalilpur village, [[Sangil-Ujina lake]] is not a clearly defined basin of the lake as it carried only the overflow water in the rainy season from Khalilpur lake and other lakes, and [[Kotla Dahar lake]] at the foothills of [[Aravalli Range]] is the largest lake which is {{convert|5|km|mi}} broad and {{convert|4|km|mi}} long and lies across Nuh and Ferozpur Jhirka tehsils. Through a system of bunds and artificial drains the lakes of Khalilpur, Chandaini, and Kotla Dahar are drained by November to make the land available for cultivation.<ref name=revh1/>

In 2018, the Haryana government released INR82 crore (820 million) to rejuvenate Kotla Lake and other lakes in the Nuh system of lakes, which will recharge the ground water and irrigate 27,000 acres of farm land.<ref name=harkrishi1>[http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/KRISHI%20SAMVAD%20October%202018.pdf Kirishi Samvad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130113206/http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/KRISHI%20SAMVAD%20October%202018.pdf |date=30 November 2018 }}, Oct 2018.</ref>

== Transport ==
{{Unreferenced-section|date=March 2021}}
Nuh lies on the National Highway 248 (NH 248) or [[Gurgaon]]-[[Sohna]]-[[Alwar]] highway about {{convert|45|km}} from [[Gurgaon]].

Nuh is well connected to Gurgaon, Delhi, [[Rajasthan]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]] by high frequency bus service. Night bus services are also provided by Rajasthan and Haryana Roadways. It has a depot and workshop of Haryana Roadways. Frequent bus service provided by Haryana and Rajasthan Roadways from Delhi to Alwar serves Nuh city.

The nearest railway stations are Palwal (32 km) and Gurgaon (45 km). A new railway line is being laid from [[Alwar]] to Pirthala and Asaoti near Palwal as a part of [[Western Dedicated Freight Corridor]]. A small portion of the track will pass slightly east of Nuh town and a Nuh railway station may be created. Western Periphery Expressway for Manesar or Palwal is about 14 km from Nuh on NH 248A.{{Citation needed||date=April 2020}}

The nearest airport is Palam airport in New Delhi.

== Education ==

=== Schools ===
{{div col|colwidth=17em}}
*A.M.U. PUBLIC SR. SEC. SCHOOL BICHHORE (PUNHANA)
*Sardar Gurumukh Singh Memorial School
*Hindu High School
*Meo High School
*Utopian Sr. Sec. School (Punahana)
*Maria Manzil Primary School
*St.Michael School
*Green Field Public School
*Girl High School
*Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidhliya
*Aravali Public School
*A.M.U. EDUCATIONAL COLLEGE BICHHORE (NUH)
{{Div col end}}

=== Higher Education ===
Mewat Engineering college Palla NUH (WAKF)

Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College (SHKM GMC) Nalhar, Nuh (Mewat) Haryana Govt.

== Nearby cities and towns ==
{{div col|colwidth=17em}}
* [[Sohna]] (20 km) north
* [[Taoru]] (11 km) west
* [[Palwal]] (35 km) east
* [[Pinangwan]] (28 km) south east
* [[Punahana]] (41 km) south east
* [[Gurgaon]] (45 km) north
* [[Ferozepur Jhirka]] (37 km) south
* [[Faridabad]] (57 km) north east
* [[Delhi]] (75 km) north east
* [[Hodal]] (40 km) south east
* [[Narnaul]] (106 km) west
* [[Rewari]] (52 km) west
* [[Tijara]] (45 km) south west
* [[Hathin]] ( 25 km) east
* [[Tapukara]] ( 26 km) west
{{col div end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[https://www.panoramio.com/photo/14877873 Photos of Nuh]
*[http://climber-explorer.blogspot.sg/2015/07/a-natural-resrvoir-in-nalhar-nuh.html Photo trip of Nalhar Reservoir and Shiva Temple]
*[http://climber-explorer.blogspot.sg/2015/05/shaking-minarets-in-nuh.html Photo trip of Shaking Minarets of Tomb of Sheikh Musa]
*[http://climber-explorer.blogspot.sg/2015/03/chui-mal-ka-talaab-in-nuh.html Photo trip of Chui Mal ka talaab]

[[Category:Cities and towns in Nuh district]]

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Nuh (city)