Karnal

2021-08-28T14:32:10Z

117.192.193.23:

{{other uses}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Karnal
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Metropolitan City]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Karnal 2.jpg
| spacing = 2
| position = center
| color_border = Black
| color = Black
| size = 250
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Clockwise from top right;
K3C Mall, Agro Mall, Sector 12 road, Shrimad Bhagwad Gita Dwar, Super Mall, Cantonment Church Tower.
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Haryana]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|29.686|N|76.989|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Karnal district]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[North India]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder = Karna (3245 BCE-3138 BCE)
| named_for = [[Karna]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = [http://mckarnal.org/ Municipal Corporation Karnal]
| leader_title1 = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = Renu Bala Gupta
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name2 = Sanjay Bhatia
| leader_title3 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Chief Minister]]
| leader_name3 = Manohar Lal Khattar
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name='mckarnal'>{{cite web|title=Karnal City|url=http://mckarnal.org/}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 87
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 357,334<ref name='mckarnal'/><ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Karnal (M Cl)|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=65024|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=7 April 2016}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 132001
| area_code_type =
| area_code = 0184
| demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 85–86 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 24 March 2019 |df = dmy-all |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=24 March 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_info3 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]]
| registration_plate = HR-05
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Literacy#India|literacy rate]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 84.60%<ref name="auto"/>
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 996/1000 [[Female]]/[[Male]]
| website = {{URL|karnal.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Karnal''' ({{Audio|Karnal.ogg|pronunciation}} is a city located in the state of [[Haryana]], India and is the administrative headquarters of [[Karnal District]]. It was used by [[East India Company]] army as a refuge during the [[1857 Mutiny|Indian Rebellion of 1857]] in [[Delhi]]. The [[Battle of Karnal]] between [[Nader Shah]] of Persia and the [[Mughal Empire]] took place in this city in 1739.

== History ==
=== Ancient ===
The city associates itself with Karna and has recently set up a large statue of the [[Mahabharata]] hero [[Karna]], the great donor and warrior.<ref name=Karna>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/people/king-karna-returns-to-his-land-karnal/496282.html King Karna returns to his land — Karnal. Mythology inspires ambitions, a larger-than-life portrayal of past events in order to add awe, plus a few nickels to the government kitty by way of tourism.]</ref> A tank in the city also bears the name Karna Tal and a town gate is called Karna gate.

At the end of 6th century A.D., the area was under the rule of the [[Vardhanas]] of [[Thanesar]].<ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Ganguly |chapter=Western India in the Sixth Century A.D.|editor=R. C. Majumdar |editor-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=3, Part I: A.D. 300-985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRBuAAAAMAAJ |year=1981 |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |oclc=34008529 }}</ref> The 7th century was a period of eclecticism in religion, Buddhism was declining and Hinduism was resurging in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The region was under [[Kanauj]] rule under the Pala Emperor of Bengal (770-810 A.D.). The authority of [[Mihira Bhoja]] (836-885 A.D.), the [[Pratihara]] ruler of Kanauj penetrated as far as Pehowa, including Karnal.<ref name=history/>

=== Medieval ===
The [[Tomara dynasty|Tomaras]] descending from Raja Jaula established themselves as rulers of this region in the middle of the 9th century.<ref name=history>{{cite book |author=H. A. Phadke |title=Haryana, Ancient and Medieval |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxlIAAAAIAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Harman |isbn=978-81-85151-34-2 }}</ref> About the beginning of the 10th century, as the Pratihara power began to decline, the Tomaras assumed independence. One of the Tomara rulers, [[Anangpal Tomar]], found the city of Delhi and made it his capital, with the area of Karnal and modern-day Haryana being under his realm. The Tomaras came into conflict with the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chauhans of Shakambhari]], but continued to rule the Haryana country until the middle of 12th century when they were overthrown by the Chahamana [[Vigraharaja IV]].<ref>{{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 }}</ref> The country between the Satluj and the Yamuna including Karnal experienced relative peace for a century and a half except the plundering invasions of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]].

In 1526 at the [[First Battle of Panipat]], Mughal emperor [[Babur]] defeated [[Ibrahim Lodhi]] and captured India along with Delhi and Panipat.

Karnal is listed in the Mughal [[Ain-i-Akbari]] as a [[pargana]] under Delhi [[sarkar (country subdivision)|sarkar]], producing a revenue of 5,678,242 [[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 800 infantry and 50 cavalry.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book |last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |last2=Jarrett |first2=Henry Sullivan (translator) |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |page=286 |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref>

{{main|Battle of Karnal}}
[[Image:The Daria-e Noor (Sea of Light) Diamond from the collection of the national jewels of Iran at Central Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran.jpg|left|175px|thumb|[[Daria-i-Noor]] diamond was seized by Persia's Nader Shah from the Mughal dynasty following the Battle of Karnal and subsequent sack of Delhi (1739)]]
In A.D. 1739, [[Nader Shah|Nader Shah of Persia]] [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire|invaded the Mughal empire]] and Karnal was the scene of the famed [[Battle of Karnal]] in which Nader Shah decisively defeated Mughal Emperor [[Muhammad Shah]].<ref name=Shah>[[Michael Axworthy|Axworthy, Michael]] (2009)</ref> Muhammad Shah along with an enormous army occupied a strongly fortified camp at Karnal, but he yielded to the invader as his supplies were cut off from the open country by Shah and was starved into submission.<ref name=Shah/> The tactical defeat drastically weakened the [[Mughal Empire]], while the [[Afsharid Empire|Persian Empire]] prospered and subsequently hastened the establishment of the [[British Empire]] in India.

[[Sikh history|Sikhs]] appeared on the scene in the 18th century. The importance of Karnal grew in the time of Raja Gajpat Singh of [[Jind State]] who after its capture in A.D. 1763 built the boundary wall and a fort and under whose rule the town increased considerably in size.<ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Miglani |title=Politics and Rural Power Struggle: Emerging Trends |publisher=Deep and Deep Publications |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kNN4i2dLF4C&pg=PA74 |isbn=81-7100-578-0}}</ref> On 14 January 1764, Sikh Chiefs defeated and killed [[Zain Khan Sirhindi]], the Durrani Governor, and took possession of the whole of Sirhind province as far south as Panipat including Karnal.

=== Modern ===
During the [[Indian independence movement]], a district political conference was organized at Karnal with [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] as its chairman. [[Mool Chand Jain]], often referred to as ''"Gandhi of Haryana"'' hailed from Karnal and was one of the prominent leaders of the Indian Independence movement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Babu Mool Chand Jain Comprehensive Archives|url=http://moolchandjain.org}}</ref>

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Karnal (1981–2010, extremes 1949–2012)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 31.2
| Feb record high C = 33.2
| Mar record high C = 37.5
| Apr record high C = 45.2
| May record high C = 46.0
| Jun record high C = 45.6
| Jul record high C = 43.9
| Aug record high C = 42.0
| Sep record high C = 38.3
| Oct record high C = 39.3
| Nov record high C = 34.4
| Dec record high C = 28.5
| year record high C = 46.0
| Jan high C = 19.1
| Feb high C = 22.4
| Mar high C = 27.7
| Apr high C = 35.3
| May high C = 38.3
| Jun high C = 37.9
| Jul high C = 33.9
| Aug high C = 32.8
| Sep high C = 32.5
| Oct high C = 31.7
| Nov high C = 27.4
| Dec high C = 21.8
| year high C = 30.1
| Jan low C = 7.1
| Feb low C = 9.4
| Mar low C = 13.5
| Apr low C = 18.8
| May low C = 23.3
| Jun low C = 25.5
| Jul low C = 25.6
| Aug low C = 25.1
| Sep low C = 23.2
| Oct low C = 17.4
| Nov low C = 12.0
| Dec low C = 8.0
| year low C = 17.4
| Jan record low C = -0.3
| Feb record low C = 0.6
| Mar record low C = 3.5
| Apr record low C = 9.0
| May record low C = 14.5
| Jun record low C = 18.0
| Jul record low C = 16.0
| Aug record low C = 18.4
| Sep record low C = 16.0
| Oct record low C = 9.4
| Nov record low C = 3.0
| Dec record low C = -0.4
| year record low C = -0.4
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 26.7
| Feb rain mm = 24.8
| Mar rain mm = 17.8
| Apr rain mm = 8.4
| May rain mm = 24.2
| Jun rain mm = 65.7
| Jul rain mm = 171.8
| Aug rain mm = 157.5
| Sep rain mm = 115.9
| Oct rain mm = 3.5
| Nov rain mm = 1.9
| Dec rain mm = 9.0
| year rain mm = 627.1
| Jan rain days = 1.5
| Feb rain days = 1.8
| Mar rain days = 1.6
| Apr rain days = 0.9
| May rain days = 1.6
| Jun rain days = 3.9
| Jul rain days = 7.9
| Aug rain days = 7.8
| Sep rain days = 4.7
| Oct rain days = 0.2
| Nov rain days = 0.4
| Dec rain days = 0.8
| year rain days = 33.2
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 64
| Feb humidity = 58
| Mar humidity = 51
| Apr humidity = 31
| May humidity = 33
| Jun humidity = 44
| Jul humidity = 67
| Aug humidity = 73
| Sep humidity = 68
| Oct humidity = 54
| Nov humidity = 53
| Dec humidity = 60
|year humidity = 55
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Karnal Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 395–396
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M65
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Education ==
* [[National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal]].
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], Kachhwa Road.
* [[St. Theresa's Convent Sr. Sec. School]].<ref name="stcs">[http://www.stcskarnal.com], official website.</ref>
* [[Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College]].<ref name="kcgmc">[https://kcgmckarnal.org], official website.</ref>
* [[Maharana Pratap Horticultural University]].<ref name="mhu1">[http://www.mhu.ac.in Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal], official website.</ref>
* [[Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya University of Health Sciences]].
* [[Sainik School, Kunjpura|Sainik School]] in [[Kunjpura]]..
* Babu Moolchand Jain [[Industrial training institute|Industrial Training Institute]], Karnal. ( Also known as [[Government|Govt]] ITI)
* [[Dyal Singh College, Karnal]]
*[[Haryana Institute of Civil Aviation|Haryana Institute of Civil Aviation (HICA)]] ( Also known as Karnal Flying Club)
*ICAR-[[Central Soil Salinity Research Institute]].
*[[Horticulture]] Training Institute
*[[:hi:करनाल|Karnal Hindi Details]]
*[[Karna Lake|Karna Lake Karnal]]

==Smart city==
[[File:DiwaliKarnal.JPG|thumb|Houses During Diwali in Karnal]]
Karnal was ranked 24th (1st in Haryana) among 4000+ cities in the list of the cleanest cities of India under ''[[Swachh Survekshan|Swachh Survekshan 2019]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cleanliness survey: Karnal city needs toilets to improve rank |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/cleanliness-survey-karnal-city-needs-toilets-to-improve-rank/744845.html |access-date=21 March 2019 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=17 March 2019}}</ref>

Karnal was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a [[smart city]] under [[Narendra Modi|PM Narendra Modi's]] flagship [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Khattar’s Karnal tops list of smart cities |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/khattar-s-karnal-tops-list-of-smart-cities-110000 |access-date=29 January 2021 |work=Tribune |date=23 July 2015 |language=en}}</ref>

== Transportation ==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2020}}

=== Air ===
Karnal has a small airfield about 10 km from the city center near the village Budha Khera known as [[Karnal Airport]]. It is used for pilot training and VIP movement in Karnal and nearby areas by Haryana Government. The expansion of this airfield is proposed in the 2018-19 budget in March 2018. The existing 3000 feet runway will be extended to 5000 feet and parking hangar for the spillover aircraft from [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] will be constructed.

=== Railways ===
Karnal railway station lies on the [[Delhi–Kalka line|Delhi–Kalka]] line & [[Delhi-Amritsar high-speed rail corridor|Delhi-Amritsar]] Line , [[Delhi–Fazilka line|Delhi- Katra]] and due to this, many major trains halt at the station.

=== Road ===
Karnal lies on the [[National Highway 44]] connecting [[Srinagar|Sri Nagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] to [[Kanyakumari]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. The newly built western bypass of the city helps in reducing traffic in the city going from NH 44 to the cities like [[kaithal]], [[Jind]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], [[Assandh]] etc. Buses are easily available for travelling to the nearby cities as well as to the major cities like [[Delhi]] and [[Chandigarh]].

== Places of interest ==
* [[Victoria Memorial Hall, Karnal|Victoria Memorial Hall]] built in 19th century AD, It is a fine example of Indo-British [[Architecture]] constructed on the occasion of [[Queen Victoria]]’s visit to Karnal.<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 February 2015|title=State-protected 109-year-old Karnal building awaits restoration|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/state-protected-109-year-old-karnal-building-awaits-restoration-39200|access-date=18 March 2021|work=Tribune India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=archaeologyharyana|title=VICTORIA MEMORIAL HALL, KARNAL|url=http://archaeologyharyana.nic.in/sites/default/files/Victoria%20Memorial%2C%20Karnal.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Cantonment Church Tower]] was constructed in AD 1806 by the British.
* [[Karnal railway station|Karnal Railway station]] this was constructed in year 1892 A.D. by the British.
* [[Karna Lake]] is a major tourist attraction in the Karnal district of Haryana.
* Noor Mahal, a five-star deluxe hotel with its [[Palace|palatial]] architecture.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pawar|first=Nivedita Jayaram|date=1 February 2020|title=This hotel in Karnal, Haryana has more antiques than any museum|url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/this-palace-hotel-in-karnal-haryana-has-possibly-more-antiques-and-artworks-than-any-museum-in-the-world/|access-date=21 March 2021|website=Architectural Digest India|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=In semi-rural Karnal, Noor Mahal, a palace hotel, brings in a touch of luxury and royal living|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/hospitality/in-semi-rural-karnal-noor-mahal-a-palace-hotel-brings-in-a-touch-of-luxury-and-royal-living-4746721.htm|access-date=21 March 2021|work=CNBCTV18|language=en-US|date=25 November 2019}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Kalpana Chawla]], first Indo-American woman astronaut. In 2003, Chawla was one of the seven crew members that died in the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster]]<ref name="firstpost.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html|title=Only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about the smart cities project|date=28 August 2015}}</ref>
* [[Mool Chand Jain]], Indian Independence leader
*[[Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan]], first [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=63th death anniversary of Liaquat Ali Khan being observed today |url=https://www.thenewsteller.com/pakistan/63th-death-anniversary-of-liaquat-ali-khan-being-observed-today/26120/ |work=The News Teller}}</ref>
*[[Anish Bhanwala]], Indian [[Shooting sports|shooter]]. He is from Karnal [[Haryana]] and competes in the [[25 meter rapid fire pistol]], [[25 meter pistol]], and [[25 meter standard pistol]] events.<ref>{{cite news |last1=India |first1=Press Trust of |title=Anish wins India's third individual gold in Jr. World Cup |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/anish-wins-india-s-3rd-individual-gold-in-jr-world-cup-118032600375_1.html |work=Business Standard India |date=26 March 2018}}</ref>
* [[Navdeep Saini]], Indian cricketer

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Karnal}}
{{Wikivoyage|Karnal}}
* [https://www.karnalguide.com Karnal Directory]

{{Haryana}}
{{Forts of Haryana}}

[[Category:Karnal| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Karnal district]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]

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Karnal