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Bishnupur district

2021-12-24T21:05:20Z

116.72.212.204: /* Demographics */Added new content

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Bishnupur, Manipur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bishnupur district
| other_name = Bishenpur
| nickname =
| settlement_type = District
| image_skyline = Bishnupur in Manipur (India).svg
| image_alt = Location of Bishnupur district in Manipur
| image_caption = Location of Bishnupur district in Manipur
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Manipur, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24|38|N|93|46|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..Manipur Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Manipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Bishnupur, Manipur|Bishnupur]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 496
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 237,399
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Meiteilon]] (Manipuri)
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MN-BI]]
| registration_plate = MN
| website = {{URL|https://bishnupur.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Bishnupur district''' (Pron:/ˌbɪʃnʊˈpʊə/) is the [[Districts of Manipur|district of Manipur]] state in northeastern [[India]].

==Origin of name==
Its name is derived from a [[Vishnu]] temple located at Lamangdong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bishnupur.nic.in/history/|title=History of Bishnupur {{!}} Bishnupur District, Government of Manipur {{!}} India|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-24}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[Bishnupur, Manipur|Bishnupur]] town is the administrative headquarters of the district. Other major towns in this district are: [[Nambol]], [[Moirang]], [[Ningthoukhong]], and [[Kumbi]].
Major village in this district are Nachou, [[Ngaikhong Khullen]], [[Toubul]], and Khoijuman Khullen.

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Bishnupur District
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|orange|73.76}}
{{bar percent|[[Sanamahism]]|chartreuse|16.20}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|7.87}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|1.80}}
{{bar percent|others|grey|0.37}}
}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Bishnupur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 237,399,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Vanuatu]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote = Vanuatu 224,564 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 583rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 485 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.36%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Bishnupur has a [[sex ratio]] of 1000 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 76.35%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Languages===
Primary language spoken is [[Meiteilon]]. Other minority languages spoken includes [[Rongmei language|Rongmei]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]] and [[Thadou language|Thadou]].

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages in Bishnupur district (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html|title = Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Meitei language|Manipuri]]
|value1 = 97.87
|color1 = #ED9121
|label2 = Others
|color2 = Grey
|value2 = 2.13
}}

==Flora and fauna==
In 1977 Bishnupur district became home to [[Keibul Lamjao National Park]], which has an area of {{convert|40|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment|title=Protected areas: Manipur|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/page_states_ut.htm|accessdate=25 September 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009113803/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/page_states_ut.htm|archivedate=9 October 2011}}</ref>

==Administrative divisions==

The district is divided into 3 sub-divisions:
* [[Bishnupur, Manipur|Bishnupur]]
* [[Nambol]]
* [[Moirang]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://bishnupur.nic.in/ Bishnupur district website]
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Bishnupur (Manipur)|Bishnupur district}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Bishnupur district
|North = [[Imphal West district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Thoubal district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Churachandpur district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Churachandpur district]]
|Northwest = [[Senapati district]]
}}

{{Districts of Manipur}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bishnupur District}}
[[Category:Bishnupur district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Manipur]]

{{Manipur-geo-stub}}

Rana K. P. Singh

2021-12-24T19:14:42Z

116.72.212.204: /* Early life */Added new content

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rana Kanwar Pal Singh
| image = Eana K. P. Singh Official portrait 2017.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1957|10|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = Jhandian ([[East Punjab|Punjab]], [[India]])
| residence =[[Rupnagar]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = '''[[List of Speakers of Punjab Legislative Assembly|Speaker of Punjab assembly]]'''
| term_start = 27 March 2017
| term_end =
| predecessor =[[Charanjit Singh Atwal]]
| successor =
| governor = [[V. P. Singh Badnore]]
| office1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 2002, 2007, 2017
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| party =[[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Shashi Rana
| children = 1 son and 2 daughters
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =26 June |
| year = 2018 |
| source = http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&Itemid=119&id=23|constituency=[[Anandpur Sahib]]|constituency1=[[Anandpur Sahib]]
}}

'''Rana Kanwar Pal Singh''' (born 16 October 1957) is an [[Indian politician]] from [[Indian National Congress|INC]] and a member of the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=User |first1=Super |title=Speaker |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&Itemid=119&id=23 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in |accessdate=4 July 2018 |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Know the new Punjab Vidhan Sabha speaker, Rana KP Singh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/know-the-new-punjab-vidhan-sabha-speaker-rana-kp-singh/story-OBx8t4LsHiXdQJwnb7cwOI.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |date=27 March 2017}}</ref> Currently he is the [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker of Punjab Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Speaker|url=http://www.punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&Itemid=119&id=23|access-date=2020-08-17|website=www.punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==

=== Early life ===
Singh was born in a Prominent [[Hindu]] [[Rajput]] [[Katoch]] family in Rupnagar. His family have vast lands in Punjab and had in [[Lyalpur]] of pre-partition [[Punjab]].

=== Education ===
After completing his primary education/schooling from Nurpur Bedi, District Ropar, he did his graduation from Government College, Ropar. Subsequently, he obtained the professional degree of LLB and started practice as an Advocate.

== Political career ==
A voracious reader by nature, he took keen an interest in agriculture apart from being a successful lawyer. He joined [[Indian National Congress]] through its youth organization Youth Congress in the year 1975 and since then he has been working continuously and untiringly for the people of Ropar district.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Indian Constitution is best, says Rana KP|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/indian-constitution-is-best-says-rana-kp-32316|access-date=2020-08-17|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> He has contested assembly elections from [[Nangal]] and [[Anandpur Sahib]] constituency 4 times since 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-20|title=SAD pushes for discussion on power hike, 'scams'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sad-pushes-for-discussion-on-power-hike-scams-6276899/|access-date=2020-08-17|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

He was elected as MLA from Nangal Constituency and Anandpur Sahib constituency in 2007. In 2002 he was appointed as a Chairman, Punjab Pollution Control Board and [[Parliamentary Secretary]] (Industry & Commerce) in [[Government of Punjab, India|Punjab Government]]. He worked as a Chairman of various Assembly Committees. Apart from being associated with party organizations, he was also appointed as Senator in Punjab University from the year 2002–07.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://loksabhatv.nic.in/shri-rana-kp-singh|title = Shri Rana K.P. Singh | Lok Sabha Television}}</ref>

== Personal life ==

=== Family ===
He got married with Rani Shashi Kanta a [[Bhati]] Rajput on 6 May 1981. He has two daughters (Married) and one son.

=== Other Works ===
He is associated with various congress party organizations and served the same as, Gen Sec. Punjab Youth Cong., Gen. Sec. Punjab Pardesh Congress Committee, Spokesman [[Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee]] and Member of [[All India Congress Committee]] and Vice President of [[Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee]]. He is against of putting [[Rajput]] [[Sikhs]] in Backward Class because of their glorious past. And was also appointed as Chief Patron of 'All India Rajput Student Union'.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=nationnews.in|last2=www.nationnews.in|last3=Desk|first3=Nation News|date=2019-06-23|title=Rana KP appointed as Chief Patron of All India Rajput Students' Aid Society|url=https://nationnews.in/rana-kp-appointed-as-chief-patron-of-all-india-rajput-students-aid-society/|access-date=2020-08-17|website=NationNews -Nation News worlds's Top News Web Portal www.nationnews.in|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Rana K. P.}}
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War

2021-12-24T10:11:11Z

116.72.212.204:

{{Short description|Communist party faction}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox political party
|country = India
|name = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War
|native_name = People's War Group
|colorcode = Red
|logo =
|leader = [[Ganapathy (Maoist)|Muppala Lakshmana Rao]] ('Ganapathi')C
|foundation = 1980
|split =
|merged = [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]
|ideology = [[Communism]] <br> [[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism]]
|position = [[Far-left politics|Far-left]]
|headquarters =
|membership =
|domestic =
|international =
}}

'''Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War''', usually called ''' People's War Group''' (PWG), was an underground [[communist party]] in India. It merged with the [[Maoist Communist Centre of India]] to form the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]] in 2004. [[Ganapathy (Maoist)|Muppala Lakshmana Rao]] ('Ganapathi') was the general secretary of the party.<ref>Szajkowski, Bogdan, and Florence Terranova. ''[https://books.google.com/id=ncoZAQAAIAAJ Revolutionary and Dissident Movements of the World]''. London [u.a.]: Harper, 2004. p. 161</ref> The ideology of the party was [[Marxism-Leninism-Maoism]].

The party was a member of the [[Coordination Committee of Maoist Parties and Organisations of South Asia]] (CCOMPOSA).<ref>International Workshop on International Terrorism in Southeast Asia and its Likely Implications for South Asia, Wilson John, and Swati Parashar. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cAE-bxSXayMC&pg=PA113 Terrorism in Southeast Asia: Implications for South Asia]''. Delhi, India: Pearson Education (Singapore), Indian Branch, 2005. p. 113</ref>

==History==
The party was founded in Andhra Pradesh in 1980, by [[Kondapalli Seetharamaiah]]<ref>Ramana, p. 13</ref> and Dr. Kolluri Chiranjeevi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cruel killer? Not me, says Maoist leader Kishenji |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-17/india/28132453_1_kishenji-telangana-region-freedom-fighter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212082158/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-17/india/28132453_1_kishenji-telangana-region-freedom-fighter |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 December 2013 |first=Caesar |last=Mandal |date=17 February 2010 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref> It emerged from a re-articulation of Naxalite activists in the [[Telangana]] region.<ref name="p86">Öberg, p. 86</ref> The party had its roots in the Andhra Committee, that had broken away from the [[Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]] in 1976. The new party was formed by the merger with the Kothandaraman grouping in [[Tamil Nadu]]. The new party resolved to continue armed struggle whilst engaging in mass movements. The party renounced participation in electoral politics. It upheld the legacy of [[Charu Majumdar]].<ref name="karat">[[Prakash Karat|Karat, Prakash]]. ''[http://www.cpim.org/marxist/198501_marxist_naxalism_Prakash.htm Naxalism today]''.</ref> The party analysed Indian society as semi-feudal and semi-colonial.<ref>Mohanty, Manoranjan. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1j6iu8E3vQC&pg=PA29 Class, Caste and Gender: Readings in Indian Politics]''. New Delhi: SAGE, 2004. p. 29</ref> The party was initially largely confined to the Telangana region, but later expanded to other areas of Andhra Pradesh as well as [[Maharashtra]], Madhya Pradesh, and [[Orissa, India|Orissa]].<ref name="o81"/>

==Recent history==
In August 1998 [[CPI(ML) Party Unity|CPI (ML) Party Unity]], based in [[Jehenabad]], [[Bihar]], merged with CPI (ML) PW.<ref>[http://www.wpb.be/guests/india.htm Joint declaration by Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War, and Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Party Unity]</ref> CPI (ML) Party Unity had been based in Bihar, and after the merger CPI (ML) PW expanded its geographic scope of operations significantly. It began establishing state committees in states like [[Kerala]], [[Haryana]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1788_1296734113_ind30585.pdf</ref>

In October 2002 CPI (ML) PW issued a declaration containing death threats against the Chief Minister of three Indian states; [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee]], [[Chandrababu Naidu]] and [[Babulal Marandi]]. Exactly a year later, the organization conducted an assassination attempt against Chandrababu Naidu.<ref>Öberg, p. 77</ref>

On 21 September 2004 CPI (ML) PW merged with the [[Maoist Communist Centre of India]] to form the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]].<ref>Dash, Satya Prakash. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3eDaiaDwcNgC&pg=PA132 Naxal Movement and State Power: With Special Reference of Orissa]''. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2006. p. 132</ref>

In November 2004 a mass rally of some 150,000 people was held in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] in support of CPI (ML) PW<ref name="p86"/> (the merger into CPI (Maoist) had not yet been made public at this point).

==Tactics==
{{expand section|date=August 2011}}
The armed squads of the party consisted of ten persons. The squads used encounters and landmines in confrontations with security forces.<ref name="o80"/>

==Bans==
The party was banned in Andhra Pradesh in May 1992, under the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act. In February 1992 the national Home Ministry requested the states of [[Maharashtra]], Madhya Pradesh and [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] to ban the party. The party remained unbanned at the national level, though.<ref name="o81">Dash, Satya Prakash. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3eDaiaDwcNgC&pg=PA81 Naxal Movement and State Power: With Special Reference of Orissa]''. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2006. pp. 81–82</ref>

In 2000 CPI (ML) PW launched the People's Guerilla Army, which integrated previously autonomous units. The party had thousands of activists organized in 'dalams', small guerrilla units. CPI (ML) PW and PGA were mainly active in [[Andhra Pradesh]], Orissa, [[Jharkhand]], Bihar and the [[Midnapore]] district in [[West Bengal]].

In 2001 the party held its first congress, although it counted this as the second because the CPI (ML) PW claimed to be a continuation of the original [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)|CPI (ML)]], which had had its first congress in 1970.

On 23 September 2004 the Andhra Pradesh state government declared they would be holding peace talks with CPI (ML) PW and [[CPI(ML) Janashakti|CPI (ML) Janashakti]].

In December 2004 CPI (ML) PW and all its front organizations were banned as a 'terrorist organization' under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2004.<ref name="books.google.com">Human Rights Watch (Organization). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=G5fAj03qJA4C&pg=PA20 "Being Neutral Is Our Biggest Crime": Government, Vigilante, and Naxalite Abuses in India's Chhattisgarh State]''. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2008. p. 20</ref>

==Regional units==

===Andhra Pradesh===
During the first two decades of its existence, the policies of the Andhra Pradesh state government vacillated in its approach towards the party. At some points, the state cracked down heavily on the party, at other points its approach was more conciliatory.<ref name="p86"/> The party was able to exploit the political conflict between the two main political parties in Andhra Pradesh during the 1980s to its advantage, and both of these parties would seek support from CPI (ML) PW in times of local elections. The CPI (ML) PW would provide such help in exchange for release of prisoners and laxed pressure on the movement from the security forces. Moreover, the party was strengthened economically through "taxations" of forest contractors.<ref>Öberg, pp. 91–92</ref>

In 2004 CPI (ML) PW as part of peace talks with the Andhra Pradesh state government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2004/september/rejoinder_PWG.htm|title=The Emerging Politics of the People's War Group}}</ref>

===Orissa===
In February 1998 a police officer was killed in southern Orissa by CPI (ML) PW guerrillas. This was the first attack against Orissa Police by CPI (ML) PW fighters from neighboring Andhra Pradesh.<ref>Dash, Satya Prakash. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3eDaiaDwcNgC&pg=PA42 Naxal Movement and State Power: With Special Reference of Orissa]''. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2006. pp. 42–43</ref>

Between 2000 and 2001 there were several killings in conflicts between CPI (ML) PW and MCC in Orissa. However, in September 2002, CPI (ML) PW and MCC signed an agreement to coordinate activities in the state. At the time Santosh was the head of the CPI (ML) PW unit in the state.<ref>Dash, Satya Prakash. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3eDaiaDwcNgC&pg=PA62 Naxal Movement and State Power: With Special Reference of Orissa]''. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2006. p. 62</ref>

At the time of the April 2004 state assembly elections, CPI (ML) PW ran a boycott campaign in its strongholds in the state (the Malkangiri and Rayagada constituencies). However voting increased significantly in these constituencies in spite of boycott calls from CPI (ML) PW, leading to speculations whether the influence of the party was waning in the region.<ref name="o80">Dash, Satya Prakash. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3eDaiaDwcNgC&pg=PA80 Naxal Movement and State Power: With Special Reference of Orissa]''. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2006. p. 80</ref>

==See also==
*[[2004 Lahsuna massacre]]
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* Ramana, P. V. ''The Naxal challenge: causes, linkages, and policy options'' Pearson Education. 1 December 2008. {{ISBN|978-81-317-0406-6}}
* Öberg, Magnus. ''Resources, governance and civil conflict'' Routledge. 1st ed. 30 August 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-415-41671-9}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*[http://peoplesmarch.googlepages.com/ People's March – Voice of Indian Revolution], publication close to PW
*[http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/PWG.htm People’s War Group (PWG)], from South Asian Terrorism Portal
*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-9187072564744509494&sour Documentary on the history of the PWG] (video)

{{Terror outfits}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War}}
[[Category:1980 establishments in India]]
[[Category:2004 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Anti-imperialist organizations]]
[[Category:Banned communist parties]]
[[Category:Communist militant groups]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]
[[Category:Coordination Committee of Maoist Parties and Organisations of South Asia]]
[[Category:Defunct communist militant groups]]
[[Category:Defunct communist parties in India|People's War]]
[[Category:Defunct Maoist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in India]]
[[Category:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist in Asia]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 2004]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1980]]
[[Category:Terrorism in India]]