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Moirang

2022-12-06T15:51:46Z

116.72.210.9: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Moirang
| other_name = Keke Moilang, Kege Moirang
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline = INA Memorial, Moirang, Manipur (12).jpeg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A statue of [[Netaji Subhashchandra Bose]] in the historic [[INA Memorial Complex]] in Moirang
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Manipur#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|24.5|N|93.77|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Manipur]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bishnupur district|Bishnupur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 766
| population_total = 16684
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Language(s)
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Meitei language|Meitei]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]])
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = MN
| website = {{URL|manipur.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Moirang''' is a town in the [[India|Indian state]] of [[Manipur]]. It is situated approximately 45 km south of the state capital [[Imphal]]. It has an area of 269 km<sup>2</sup> with a population of 62,187 in 67 villages. It is best known for the being the place of origin of the 7 [[epic cycles of incarnations]] of [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei folklore|folklore]]. Colonel [[Shaukat Malik]] of the [[Indian National Army]] hoisted the [[Flag of India|Tricolour]] for the first time on Indian soil on 14 April 1944.

[[Loktak Lake]], the biggest fresh water lake in the North East Indian region and [[Keibul Lamjao National Park]] are situated in this district. There are 12 Gram [[Panchayat]]s in this block.

==History==
=== Epic cycles of incarnations & the Khamba Thoibi ===
{{Main|Epic cycles of incarnations|Khamba Thoibi}}
{{Multiple image|total_width = 600

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| image1 = KHAMBA THOIBI EPIC - THE CAPTURE OF THE WILD BULL.jpg

| width1 = 
| alt1 =
| link1 =
| thumbtime1 =
| caption1 = The Capture of the wild [[Kao (bull)]] by [[Khuman Khamba|Khamba]]

| image2 = KHAMBA THOIBI EPIC - THE DANCE BEFORE THE KING.jpg

| width2 = 
| alt2 =
| link2 =
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| caption2 = The Dance before the King by Khamba and princess Thoibi

| image3 = KHAMBA THOIBI EPIC - THE TORTURE BY THE ELEPHANT.jpg

| width3 = 
| alt3 =
| link3 =
| thumbtime3 =
| caption3 = The Torture of Khamba by the Elephant

| image4 = KHAMBA THOIBI EPIC - THE TIGER HUNT.jpg

| width4 = 
| alt4 =
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| caption4 = The Tiger Hunt by Khamba and his rival Nongban Kongyamba

| footer_background = 
| footer_align = 
| footer = Scenes from the [[Khamba Thoibi]] epic legend 
}}
Historically, the town of Moirang is famous for the ancient temple of the deity, [[Thangching]] ([[Thangjing]]) and the legendary love story of "Khamba Thoibi". In a village named Ngangkhaleikai, the old cloth used by Khamba and Nongban are still preserved. The epic story of "Khamba-Thoibi" begins between a beautiful princess name Thoibi daughter of Wangon Ningthou Chingkhu Naha Telheiba, and an orphan man named [[Khuman Khamba]]. Khamba was raised up by her own sister when both their parents died when they were very young. Khamnu used to go around the village for pounding grain and lend a hand to others household works at her young age. In return she fed her brother from the less amount of grain that others paid in gratitude of helping to their household works.

===Powerful clan===

In ancient times, the king of Moirang was considered as the most powerful among the seven clan kings of Manipur. Till the end of Khamba-Thoibi era the Burmese King paid the annual war reparations money to the Moirang king.

===World War II and the INA===

During [[World War II]], Moirang was the headquarters of [[Indian National Army]] (INA). Colonel [[Shaukat Malik]] of the Indian National Army hoisted the [[Flag of India|Tricolour]] for the first time on Indian soil on 14 April 1944, in Moirang with the help of Manipuris like Shri [[Mairembam Koireng Singh]] and others who were members of the INA. The [[INA Martyr's Memorial|INA Museum]] at Moirang displays some wartime relics and photographs. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, himself also hoisted the Tricolour flag of Indian Independence on 30 December 1943 in Jimkhana Club Port Blair. In which time Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was commander in chief of INA and Hon. President of Indian Government which recognized by 18 countries.

==Culture==
The monthlong [[Lai Haraoba]] festival held between mid-May to June originated from Moirang. The graceful [[Khamba Thoibi]] dance also originated here at Moirang.

==Geography==
Moirang is located at {{Coord|24.5|N|93.77|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/17/Moirang.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Moirang]</ref> It has an average elevation of 766 metres (2513 feet).

==Tourist places==
* [[Ibudhou Thangjing Temple]]: It is an ancient temple of Moirang, dedicated to Lord Thangjing. [[Lai Haraoba]] festival is found at its greatest pace here.
* '''[[INA Martyr's Memorial|Indian National Army (INA) complex]]:''' Apart from being an ancient suzerainty, Moirang today, is all the more akin to India's political history. It was on 14 April 1944 that the flag of the Indian National Army (INA) was for the second time hoisted on the Indian Soil of Moirang (first time tri colour flag for Indian Independence hoisted by himself Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, INA Chief Commander & President of Indian National Government in Port Blair- Shahid Swaraj Dweep on 30 December 1943) about 45 km away from Imphal, the capital of Manipur. The INA Museum at Moirang is a treasure of relics connected with Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's struggle against British imperialism to emancipate the Indian motherland.
* [[Loktak lake]]: The legendary Loktak lake of Manipur is said to be largest fresh water lake in the entire North East. The lake, in fact, has an intrinsic influence on the economy of communities who inhabit the surroundings of the lake by its natural produce like fish and other varieties of vegetables from the greenery around the lake.
* Sendra Island: Sendra, although a small hillock entangled by the lake-water on all sides is linked with the mainland through a pathway. A tourist lodge is put up on the hilltop which is equipped with modern amenities, including a cafeteria.
* [[Keibul Lamjao National Park]]: The only floating National Park in the world, on the Loktak Lake is the last natural habitat of the [[Sangai]] (Rucervus eldii eldii), the dancing deer of Manipur. A glimpse of the deer in this unique wetland ecosystem is a must for any wildlife enthusiast. Other wildlife to mention a few are: [[Hog deer]], [[Otter]] and a host of [[water fowl]]s and migratory birds can also be sighted during November to March. The forest Department of Manipur maintains watch towers and two rest houses within the park.
* '''Phubala''': This is another locality with a close affinity to Moirang as well as the lake of Loktak, on the bank of which the place is situated. Boating as well as other water relocated sports are being introduced at Phubala. The story of Phubala Hanuba (an oldman of Phubala) is an episode with terrific humour within the trend of the story of Khamba – Thoibi.

== Transport ==
Moirang is well connected with Imphal and Churachandpur through NH-150. Moirang-Kumbi and Moirang-Thanga are the other important district roads connected to Moirang town.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Moirang had a population of 16,684. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Moirang has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 55%. In Moirang, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

{{bar box|width = 300px
| barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
| title = Religion in Moirang town (2011)<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2022}}</ref>
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1 = Religion
| right1 = Percent
| float =
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF6600|95.22}}
{{bar percent|[[Sanamahism]]|chartreuse|2.97}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|blue|1.47}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.34}}
}}

==Politics==
Moirang is part of [[Inner Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2002/background/S14/Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|title = Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies
|accessdate = 2008-10-07
|work = Manipur
|publisher = Election Commission of India
}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities of Manipur}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bishnupur district]]
[[Category:Indian National Army]]
[[Category:Bishnupur, Manipur]]

Gurbachan Singh Manochahal

2022-12-06T09:11:07Z

116.72.210.9: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Gurbachan Singh Manochahal
| title =
| native_name = {{Lang|pa|ਗੁਰਬਚਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਮਾਨੋਚਾਹਲ}}
| image =
| imagesize =
| office1 = [[Jathedar of the Akal Takht]]
| alongside1 =
| predecessor1 = Gurdev Singh Kaunke
| successor1 = Darshan Singh
| birth_name = Gurbachan Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1954|06|06}}
| birth_place = Manochahal, [[Tarn Taran District|Tarn Taran]], [[Punjab (region)|Panjab]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1993|02|28|1954|06|06}}
| death_place = Rataul, [[Tarn Taran District|Tarn Taran]], [[Punjab (region)|Panjab]]
| nationality =
| relations =
| children =
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| image_size =
| term_start1 = 27 April 1986
| term_end1 = 26 January 1987
| known_for = Founder of [[Bhindranwala Tigers Force of Khalistan]]
| movement =
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| blank2 = Post
| data2 = Chief
| honorific_prefix = Baba
}}

'''Gurbachan Singh Manochahal''' was a Sikh extremist militant, who founded the [[Bhindranwala Tigers Force of Khalistan|Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan]] in 1984.<ref>
{{cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DnVPz-sG_64C&q=gurbachan+singh+manochahal+Jujharu&pg=PA37
|title=Kharku lehar in Punjab
|publisher=Gyan Books
|date=1 January 2000
|page=412 pages
|first1=Satyapal
|last1=Dang
|first2=Ravi M.
|last2=Bakaya
|isbn=9788121206594
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite book
|last=Mahmood|first=Cynthia Keppley
|year=1996
|title=Fighting for Faith and Nation
|series=Series in Contemporary Ethnography
|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press
|page=159ff
|isbn=9780812215922
}}</ref>

==Early life==
Gurbachan Singh was born on 6 June 1954 in the village Manochahal, [[Tarn Taran district]] in the Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] to S. Atma Singh and Gurmej Kaur. He served in the Indian Army during his youth.

Manochahal was shot in the arm during the [[1978 Sikh–Nirankari clashes]]. After this incident, he had maintained a relationship with [[Damdami Taksal]] and became acquainted with other members of the organization, such as [[Amrik Singh]] and [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]].

==Insurgency==
{{sfn|Van Dyke|2009|p=990}} Manochahal led a resolution at the [[Sarbat Khalsa#Significant Gurmatas|1986 Sarbat Khalsa]] to declare the resolve of a separate Sikh homeland and also formed a Panthic committee which would lead Sikhs per this resolution.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}

In 1992, a separate Panthic committee headed by Dr. Sohan Singh was formed. It called for the boycott of the [[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. Elections resulted in a Congress Government under [[Beant Singh (chief minister)|Beant Singh]] of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]]. The formation of this committee undermined the influence of Manochahal who was criticized for his support for political participation and led to a divide between the armed groups within Punjab.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}

Per Maloy Krishna Dhar, a former Joint Director, Intelligence Bureau, India, he was given the task to negotiate with Gurbachan Singh Manochahal. He contacted Manochahal through a journalist source, was blindfolded and taken a few hundred kilometres from Amritsar to meet with him where he secretly held negotiations for three hours before he was blindfolded again and transported back.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Old-men-and-their-Official-secrets/articleshow/1951335.cms|title=Old men and their Official secrets - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211092642/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Old-men-and-their-Official-secrets/articleshow/1951335.cms|archive-date=11 February 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-40th-anniversary-the-rajiv-gandhi-years-shekhar-gupta/1/543076.html|title=The Rajiv Gandhi years|website=India Today|access-date=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206190125/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-40th-anniversary-the-rajiv-gandhi-years-shekhar-gupta/1/543076.html|archive-date=6 February 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Death==
Manochahal carried a [[Bounty (reward)|bounty]] of {{INR}}30 [[lakh]] on his head. He was killed in a [[Encounter killings by police|police encounter]] on 1 March 1993 by [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]]. Manochahal escaped from the police's [[Dragnet (policing)|dragnet]] on 27 February in Bagrian village before the police cornered him in the nearby Rataul village the following day. He was armed with a [[machine gun]] and After a heavy firefight, he was killed. The chief of the Punjab Police, [[Kanwar Pal Singh Gill]] later proclaimed, "Now I can say that we have finished militancy in Punjab."<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian police kill top Sikh guerilla |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-QwxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IOEFAAAAIBAJ&dq=bhindranwala%20tigers%20force%20of%20khalistan&pg=1778%2C127110 |newspaper=[[The Daily Gazette]] |page=16 |date=1 March 1993}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Manochahal killed in encounter |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=1 March 1993 |page=1}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
*{{citation |last1=Van Dyke |first1=Virginia |title=The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions |journal=Asian Survey |volume=49 |issue=6 |date=2009 |pages=975–997 |doi=10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975 }} https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Gurbachan_Singh_Manochal

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manochahal, Gurbachan Singh}}
[[Category:Khalistan movement people]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:People shot dead by law enforcement officers in India]]
[[Category:Jathedars of Akal Takht]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Punjab]]