Jalpaiguri (community development block)

2025-10-08T00:02:59Z

107.77.193.69: minor updated citations to improve readability and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jalpaiguri
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Jalpaiguri in Jalpaiguri (West Bengal).svg
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.516667|N|88.733333|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 500.65
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 323455
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jalpaiguri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]], [[Rajganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajganj]]
| website = {{URL|jalpaiguri.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jalpaiguri''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative division]] in the [[Jalpaiguri Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Jalpaiguri district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Jalpaiguri is located at {{coord|26.516667|N|88.733333|E|format=dms|}}.

The Jalpaiguri CD block lies in the southern part of the district. The [[Teesta River]] flows along its northern and eastern boundary. It lies on a gently sloping [[Alluvium|alluvial]] plain locally called ''Terai''.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, page 13 Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 18 June 2020}}</ref><ref name=map>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, Fifth page, map of Jalpaiguri district| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 18 June 2020}}</ref>

The Jalpaiguri CD block is bounded by the [[Kranti (community development block)|Kranti]] CD block on the north, [[Maynaguri (community development block)|Maynaguri]] CD block on the east, [[Panchagarh Sadar Upazila]] of Panchagarh District in Rangpur Division in Bangladesh on the south, and [[Rajganj (community development block)|Rajganj]] CD block on the west.<ref name=map/>

The Jalpaiguri CD block has an area of 500.65 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 14 [[gram panchayat]]s, 227 gram sansads (village councils), 29 [[mouza]]s, 28 inhabited villages and 1 [[census town]]. [[Jalpaiguri#Police station|Jalpaiguri]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Jalpaiguri]].<ref name=map/>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Jalpaiguri block/ panchayat samiti are: [[Jalpaiguri (Community development block)|Jalpaiguri]] block consists of 14 gram panchayats, viz. Kharia, Arabinda, Paharpur, Mondalghat, Bahadur, [[Patkata, West Bengal|Patkata]], Belakoba, Barapatina Nutanabos, [[Garalbari]], Nagar Berubari, South Berubari, Kharija–Barubari–I, Kharija–Barubari–II and Boalmari–Nandanpur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Bankura - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 19 June 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Jalpaiguri CD block had a total population of 323,455, of which 261,784 were rural, and 61,661 were urban. There were 166,036 (51%) males and 157,401 (49%) females. There were 38,992 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 196,592 (60.78%) and the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 19,592 (6.06%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 19 June 2020}}</ref>

According to the 2001 census, Jalpaiguri block had a total population of 280,446, out of which 144,974 were males and 135,472 were females. Jalpaiguri block registered a population growth of 7.29 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_2.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table 4 |publisher=Census Commissioner of India |work=Census of India 2001, Jalpaiguri district (02) |access-date=2011-03-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040713/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_2.htm |archive-date=2011-07-19 }}</ref>

[[Census town]] in the Jalpaiguri CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Kharia, Jalpaiguri|Kharia]] (P) (61,661) .<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Jalpaiguri CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Barapatina Nutanbus (16,366), [[Belakoba|Bhelakoba]] (17,215), Satkhamar (12,391), Bahadur (18,878), Patkata (43,360), [[Paharpur, Jalpaiguri|Paharpur]] (20,341), Mandalghat (16,083), [[Garalbari]] (28,791), Binnaguri (4,370), Berubari (41,593), Nandanpur (6,114), Kharija Berubari (10,076) and Boalmari (6,310).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in the Jalpaiguri CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Berubarinagar (762).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in the Jalpaiguri CD block was 209,966 (73.81% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 117,661 (80.52% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 92,305 (66.73% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 13.78%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Jalpaiguri district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Jalpaiguri CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|83.21}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|15.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in West Bengal|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|1.67}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.12}}
}}

In the [[2011 Census of India]], Hindus numbered 269,150 and formed 83.21% of the population of Jalpaiguri CD block. Muslims numbered 48,521 and formed 15.00% of the population. Christians numbered 5,411 and formed 1.67% of the population. Others numbered 363 and formed 0.11% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 22 June 2020}}</ref> and other religious communities.<ref name="religion"/>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Jalpaiguri CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 85.83 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Nagpuri language|Sadri]] |value2 = 4.67 |color2 = burlywood
|label3 = 'Other' Bengali |value3 = 3.09 |color3 = mediumpurple
|label4 = [[Rangpuri language|Rajbongshi]] |value4 = 2.27 |color4 = plum
|label5 = [[Hindi]] |value5 = 1.66 |color5 = orange
|label6 = Others |value6 = 2.48 |color6 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 85.83% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 4.67% [[Nagpuri language|Sadri]], 2.27% [[Rangpuri language|Rajbongshi]] and 1.66% [[Hindi]] as their first language. 3.09% were recorded as speaking 'Other' under Bengali.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Poverty level==
Based on a study of the per capita consumption in rural and urban areas, using central sample data of NSS 55th Round 1999-2000, Jalpaiguri district was found to have relatively high rates of poverty of 35.73% in rural areas and 61.53% in the urban areas. It was one of the few districts where urban poverty rate was higher than the rural poverty rate.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| title = West Bengal Human Development Report 2004| work = Page 80: Table 4.5 Per capita consumption in rural and urban areas by district| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 23 June 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120501201321/http://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| archive-date = 1 May 2012| url-status = dead}}</ref>

According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 26-31% of the population of Jalpaiguri, Bankura and Paschim Medinipur districts were below poverty line, a relatively high level of poverty in West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/315791504252302097/pdf/119344-BRI-P157572-West-Bengal-Poverty.pdf| title = West Bengal: Poverty, Growth and Inequality| publisher = World Bank Group|access-date = 23 June 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Jalpaiguri CD block'''
|value1 = 20.42
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 34.11
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 1.04
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 44.43
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Jalpaiguri CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 27,859 and formed 20.42%, agricultural labourers numbered 46,547 and formed 34.11%, household industry workers numbered 1,417 and formed 1.04% and other workers numbered 60,631 and formed 44.43%.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Jalpaiguri, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 June 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 136,454 and formed 42.19% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 186,991 and formed 57.81% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Jalpaiguri, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 June 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Jalpaiguri, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 23 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 June 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 28 inhabited villages in the Jalpaiguri CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Jalpaiguri, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 19 villages (67.86%) have post offices. 27 villages (97.43%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 20 villages (71.43%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 17 villages (60.71%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 5 villages (17.86%) have agricultural credit societies and 7 villages (25.00%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 81, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 June 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
The economy of the Jalpaiguri district is mainly dependent on agriculture and plantations, and majority of the people are engaged in agriculture. Jalpaiguri is well-known for tea and timber. Other important crops are paddy, jute, tobacco, mustard seeds, sugarcane and wheat. The annual average rainfall is 3,440 mm, around double of that of Kolkata and the surrounding areas. The area is flood prone and the rivers often change course causing immense damage to crops and cultivated lands.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 15, 18, 19 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 June 2020}}</ref>

In 2013-14, there were 171 fertiliser depots, 79 seed stores and 71 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the Jalpaiguri CD block.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri | work = Table No. 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 June 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013–14, the Jalpaiguri CD block produced 90,197 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 38,465 hectares, 5,094 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 2,125 hectares, 2,221 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 1,159 hectares, 2,794 tonnes of wheat from 1,626 hectares, 72 tonnes of maize from 34 hectares, 52,940 tonnes of jute from 5,608 hectares, 74,094 tonnes of potatoes from 3,605 hectares and 11,260 tonnes of sugarcane from 110 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in the Jalpaiguri CD block was 20,263 hectares, out of which 12,975 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 278 hectares by tank water, 1,060 hectares by river lift irrigation, 500 hectares by deep tube wells and 5,450 hectares by shallow tube wells.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Dooars-Terai tea gardens===
{{main|Dooars-Terai tea gardens}}
Tea gardens in the [[Dooars]] and [[Terai]] regions produce 226 million kg or over a quarter of India's total tea crop.. The Dooars-Terai tea is characterized by a bright, smooth and full-bodied liquor that's a wee bit lighter than [[Assam tea]]. Cultivation of tea in the Dooars was primarily pioneered and promoted by the British but there was significant contribution of Indian entrepreneurs.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 19 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 19 July 2020}}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Jalpaiguri CD block had offices of 21 commercial banks and 6 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
The Jalpaiguri district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 23 June 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 23 June 2020}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{New Jalpaiguri–Haldibari line|collapse=yes}}
Jalpaiguri CD block has 4 ferry services, 8 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Education==
In 2013-14, Jalpaiguri CD block had 238 primary schools with 23,546 students, 6 middle schools with 1,510 students, 11 high schools with 7,799 students and 25 higher secondary schools with 31,156 students. Jalpaiguri CD block had 4 technical/ professional institutions with 2,647 students and 602 institutions for special and non-formal education with 36,849 students. Jalpaiguri municipal area (located outside the block) had 3 general degree colleges with 7001 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

See also – [[Education in India]]

According to the 2011 census, in Jalpaiguri CD block, among the 28 inhabited villages, 2 villages did not have schools, 22 villages had two or more primary schools, 15 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 12 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 412, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 23 June 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Jalpaiguri CD block had 1 hospital, 1 rural hospital, 5 primary health centres and 3 NGO/ private nursing home with total 137 beds and 15 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 48 family welfare subcentres. 4,254 patients were treated indoor and 158,864 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Belacoba Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Prasannanagar, is the major government medical facility in the Jalpaiguri CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Bahadur (with 4 beds), Kharija Berubari (with 10 beds), Nadanpur Bolamari (PO Bolamari) (with 4 beds), Rangdhamali (with 10 beds), South Berubari (PO Manikganj) (with 4 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =1 July 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 July 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Jalpaiguri topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Jalpaiguri district]]

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Jalpaiguri (community development block)